姬松茸菌丝体与子实体多糖的提取及含量的比较

目的　探讨姬松茸深层培养菌丝体多糖含量。方法　以摇瓶培养的姬松茸菌丝体和栽培子实体为样品 ,利用苯酚 -硫酸法测定姬松茸多糖含量并进行比较。结果　姬松茸菌丝体的多糖平均含量为 7.49% ,比栽培子实体多糖含量高 1 3 .8%。结论　液体深层培养姬松茸菌丝体的多糖含量比栽培子实体的高     

姬松茸菌丝体与子实体多糖的提取及含量的比较

目的探讨姬松茸深层培养菌丝体多糖含量.方法以摇瓶培养的姬松茸菌丝体和栽培子实体为样品,利用苯酚-硫酸法测定姬松茸多糖含量并进行比较.结果姬松茸菌丝体的多糖平均含量为7.49%,比栽培子实体多糖含量高13.8%.结论液体深层培养姬松茸菌丝体的多糖含量比栽培子实体的高.     

姬松茸菌丝体与子实体多糖的提取及含量的比较

目的：探讨姬松茸深层培养菌丝体多糖含量。方法：以摇瓶培养的姬松茸菌丝体和子实体为样品，利用苯酚－硫酸法测定姬松茸多糖含量半进行比较。结果：姬松茸菌丝体的多糖平均含量为7．49％，比栽培子实体多糖含量高13．8％。结论：液体深层培养姬松茸菌丝体的多糖含量比栽培子实体的高。     

姬松茸液体培养工艺条件的研究

研究了各种营养因子对姬松茸深层发酵的影响，确定了合适的碳源，氮源，C／N比，无机盐，生长因子的浓度，在初始pH5.5,250ml摇瓶装液量50ml，接种量15％，温度26℃的培养条件下，姬松茸深层发酵结果最佳，在此基础上进行摇瓶发酵曲线测定，确定了姬松茸适宜发酵周期为108h，发酵液胞外多糖最高可达3.48g/L。     

姬松茸多糖体外免疫及抗肿瘤作用初步研究

研究姬松茸子实体多糖（FP），菌丝体多糖（MP）对静止和激活的脾淋巴细胞增殖作用，以及与淋巴细胞共培养上清对肿瘤细胞Daudi的抑制作用。结果表明，子实体多糖对静止脾淋巴细胞有明显的促进作用，100μg/ml时刺激指数达1．96，而菌丝体多糖100μg/ml刺激作用也达1．56；与诱导物ConA一起作用时，激活的淋巴细胞刺激指数均增加。而且共培养上清对Daudi也有显著的抑制作用。说明姬松茸多糖明显的体外细胞免疫调节作用和显著抑制Daudi肿瘤细胞增殖作用。     

姬松茸粗多糖对K562细胞增殖、凋亡的影响及其作用机制探讨

目的研究姬松茸粗多糖在K562细胞的增殖、凋亡,以及对转录因子NF-κB的影响,并探究其中的作用机制。方法培养K562细胞,再分别将(2、5、10mg/m L)姬松茸粗多糖加入其中作用48h,之后应用流式细胞术、免疫荧光法等方法观察姬松茸粗多糖在K562细胞的增殖、凋亡和对NF-κB活性中的影响。结果姬松茸粗多糖对K562细胞增殖有很显著的抑制作用,还可以阻止细胞从G0/G1期到G2/M+S期过渡。经过10mg/m L的姬松茸粗多糖诱导48h后,K562细胞CML细胞的凋亡率65.41%,较对照组显著增加,差异有统计学意义(P0.01)。而且NF-κB较对照组减少。结论姬松茸粗多糖能抑制K562细胞增殖,并且可以诱导其凋亡,其中的作用机制和NF-κB通道的异常激活明显相关,值得进一步的研究。     

红曲霉粗多糖的提取及含量测定

目的:从红曲霉发酵液和菌丝体中提取粗多糖并测定多糖含量。方法:将红曲霉发酵液和菌丝体用水提醇沉法提取粗多糖,用苯酚-硫酸法测定红曲霉多糖的含量。结果:红曲霉粗多糖中多糖含量为62.87%,平均回收率为99.35%,RSD=1.44%。结论:本实验方法可以提取出红曲霉多糖,多糖含量测定准确,苯酚-硫酸法可作为红曲霉多糖含量的测定方法。     

姬松茸颗粒剂中多糖的含量测定

目的：建立姬松茸颗粒剂中多糖含量测定方法。方法：采用苯酚-硫酸法配合SephadexG-200柱层析．以葡萄糖作为标准品．于490nm处测吸光度。结果：葡萄糖在(0．0013～O．0104)mg／ml范围线性良好(r=0．9993)．平均回收率为99．32％(n=6)，精密度小于0.82％。结论：该法简单．准确，可用于姬松茸颗粒剂中多糖含量的测定。     

蛹虫草固体发酵菌丝体多糖的提取纯化与含量测定

［摘要］目的建立蛹虫草固体发酵菌丝体多糖提取和含量测定方法,并探讨多糖的纯化工艺。方法采用正交实验确定最佳提取条件,利用苯酚 硫酸法测定菌丝体中多糖的含量,并用葡聚糖凝胶G 100对粗多糖按相对分子质量进行分段纯化。结果水提醇沉总糖产率为1.36%;多糖CP 1经葡聚糖凝胶柱层析得到5种组分;CP 1经硫酸水解后硅胶板层析得出主要单糖组分是葡萄糖。结论该提取测定方法操作简单,重复性好,结果准确可靠,适合蛹虫草固体发酵菌丝体多糖的提取、分离和纯化。     

连续服用姬松茸冻干品的安全性

姬松茸Agaricus blazei原产巴西,所含的β-D-葡聚糖等多糖类物质有调整生物应答、增强免疫和抗肿瘤作用。该蘑菇作为有多种生理效应的保健食品在日本有近30年应用历史。作者采用双盲、安慰剂对照与平行实验,评价连续服用姬松茸冻干品的安全性。试验用姬松茸冷冻干燥品是培养的姬松茸菌丝体热水提取物、粉碎的子实体热水提取物及碱提取物的混合液,经浓缩后真空冷冻干燥而得。安慰剂为褐色蘑菇,按同法制得。48名健康或有轻度肝功能异常者随机分为试药组和安慰剂组,2组间在性别、年龄、γ-GTP、AST、ALT、体重及肥胖指数上均无显著差异。2…     

Lack of subchronic toxicity of an aqueous extract of Agaricus blazei Murrill in F344 rats.

Agaricus blazei Murrill, an edible mushroom, is widely used as a functional food due to its possible medicinal effects. Aqueous extracts are also used as food additive to provide an agreeable bitter taste. As a part of its safety assessment, the present 90-day subchronic toxicity study was performed in F344 rats. To establish a no-observed-adverse-effect level (NOAEL), rats were fed powder diet containing A. blazei Murrill aqueous extract at dose levels of 0 (basal diet), 0.63, 1.25, 2.5 and 5% (maximum) for 90 days. During the experiment, there were no remarkable changes in general appearance and no deaths occurred in any experimental group. Although serum blood urea nitrogen was slightly but significantly increased in males of the 2.5 and 5% groups, no related histopathological changes were observed in the kidney, and serum creatinine levels were rather reduced, suggesting the increase of blood urea nitrogen to be of little toxicological significance. Hematology, organ weight measurement and histopathological observation revealed no test compound-related toxicological changes. In conclusion, A. blazei Murrill extract even at 5% in the diet (2654 mg/kgb.w./day for male rats and 2965 mg/kgb.w./day for female rats) did not cause remarkable adverse effects in F344 rats. Thus, the NOAEL was concluded to be 5% in the diet.     

巴西蘑菇抗病毒作用研究动向

在巴西蘑菇抗癌、调节免疫功能等方面已经有不少研究,但在抗病毒方面的研究不多,为探求巴西蘑菇在抗病毒方面是否值得研究．特以国内外发表的文献为材料,介绍巴西蘑菇抗病毒作用的研究动向。可以得出巴西蘑菇具有抗病毒药理作用。并能协同机体免疫而辅助抗病毒,但作用机制还有待进一步研究。     

Evaluation of Royal Sun Agaricus, Agaricus brasiliensis S. Wasser et al., aqueous extract in mice challenged with Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium

This study investigated the effects of Agaricus brasiliensis S. Wasser et al. (=Agaricus blazei Murrill sensu Heinem.) aqueous extract on small intestinal sIgA levels, serum TNF-alpha, IFN-gamma and IL-10 levels, splenic index, bacterial translocation, and histology of small intestine, spleen, and liver from mice orally challenged with 10(6) CFU of Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium (SEST). Splenic index values as well as sIgA, TNF-alpha, IFN-gamma, and IL-10 levels were not affected by either A. brasiliensis aqueous extract treatment or by pathogenic challenge. Typical colonies of SEST were recovered from liver, spleen, and mesenteric lymph nodes of challenged animals, but there was no significant difference in this translocation between groups treated or not with A. brasiliensis aqueous extract. Translocation was confirmed by histopathological analysis in mice challenged with SEST, which showed small and diffuse foci of mixed inflammatory infiltrate in hepatic parenchyma. In conclusion, A. brasiliensis aqueous extract as tested in the present study did not influence any of the variables selected to evaluate in vivo its immunomodulatory effect suggested in the literature.     

Cytotoxicity, genotoxicity and antimutagenicity of hexane extracts of Agaricus blazei determined in vitro by the comet assay and CHO/HGPRT gene mutation assay.

Agaricus blazei Murrill ss. Heinem, known as the sun mushroom or himematsutake, is a basidiomycete native to Brazil, which is popular for its medicinal properties. The aim of this study was to test hexane extracts (one fraction and its four sub-fractions) of A. blazei for bioactivity in cultured mammalian cells (CHO-K1). The comet assay, the colony forming assay (CFA) and CHO/HGPRT gene mutation assay were used respectively to determine genotoxicity, cytotoxicity and antimutagenicity of these extracts at different concentrations. The cells were incubated in culture medium and treated for 3h according to the standard protocol for each assay. The DNA damage-inducing agent ethylmethane sulfonate (EMS) was utilized as the positive control and also in combination with extracts to test for a protective effect. Statistical analysis of the data was performed using analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Tukey's test. A relationship between cytotoxicity and genotoxicity could be established and two extracts EH6B and EH6D showed a protective tendency, while the others did not, with the primary extract EH6 causing the most substantial damage to genetic material. These findings warrant more in-depth studies of the active principles of this mushroom.     

巴西蘑菇Agaricus blazei Murill水溶性多糖的分离纯化

从巴西蘑菇子实体中提取的水溶性粗多糖经过脱蛋白、脱色等步骤获得半纯品多糖。依次采用DE—AB纤维素和Sepharose CL-4B柱层析进一步纯化后，获得5种水溶性多糖组分。其中主要组分AB-I、AB-Ⅱ-b和AB-Ⅲ-b得率分别为3．3％、1．52％、0．85％。Sephadex G-l00凝胶层析、旋光度和HPLC鉴定各组分已达到层析纯。     

虫草多糖的分离纯化及含量测定

目的采用发酵法从冬虫夏草发酵液及菌丝体中提取、分离虫草多糖。方法采用乙醇沉淀法分离冬虫夏草发酵液和菌丝体中的多糖;采用苯酚硫酸法测定样品中多糖含量。结果采用此法进行制备、检测,方法简单快速,结果准确,适宜推广使用。结论此法无需多糖纯品,具有快速简单、精确度高、灵敏度高、重现性较好的优点,是检测虫草多糖含量的较优方法之一。     

Effects of extracts from Brazilian sun-mushroom (Agaricus blazei) on the NK activity and lymphoproliferative responsiveness of Ehrlich tumor-bearing mice.

Agaricus blazei Murrill, is an edible and medicinal mushroom which is popularly consumed due to its antitumoral properties. The immunomodulatory effects of methanol (METH), dichloromethane (DM) and n-hexane (HEX) extracts of this mushroom were evaluated in Ehrlich tumor-bearing mice. Subcutaneous inoculation of Ehrlich tumor cells inhibited the natural killer (NK) activity of spleen cells (specific lysis=6.18+/-2.56%) compared with normal mice (17.59+/-7.77%). Treatment of tumor-bearing mice with the extracts for 10 days restored the natural killer activity against Yac-1 target cells and the best results were observed by treatment with the HEX extract (21.48+/-5.26%). Treatment of the animals with the HEX extract for 10 days was also able to stimulate the mitogen-induced lymphoproliferative activity of spleen cells. Thirty days after the treatment, all groups presented low proliferative activity. Specific antibody production was observed to be higher in the groups treated with the DM or METH extract 30 days after the treatment. Analysis of the 3 extracts by gas chromatography mass spectrum (GCMS) and magnetic nuclear resonance (MNR) showed that the HEX extract contains mainly sugar and fatty acids and that the METH extract also contains sugar and possibly amino acids.     

Chemoprevention of preneoplastic liver foci development by dietary mushroom Agaricus blazei Murrill in the rat.

The chemopreventive potential of an Agaricus blazei (Ab) Murrill mushroom meal was investigated in a medium-term rat liver carcinogenesis assay. Male Wistar rats initiated for hepatocarcinogenesis with diethylnitrosamine (DEN, 200 mg/kg i.p.) were fed during a 6-week period with the dry powdered mushroom strains Ab 29 or 26, each one with opened (OB) or closed basidiocarp (CB), mixed at 10% level in a basal diet. All experimental animals and controls were subjected to partial hepatectomy at week 3 and killed at week 8. Chemopreventive activity of the mushroom meal was observed for the Ab 29 (OB and CB) and Ab 26 (CB) strains in terms of the number of putative preneoplastic altered foci of hepatocytes which express either the enzyme glutathione S-transferase, placental form (GST-P+) or the transforming growth factor-alpha, and for the Ab 29 (OB) and Ab 26 (CB) strains on the size of GST-P+ foci. This was associated with inhibition of foci cell proliferation in the animals fed the Ab 29 (OB) and Ab 26 (CB) strains. The results suggest that the protective influence of the Ab meal against the DEN potential for rat liver carcinogenicity depends on both the strain and period of mushroom harvest.