超声引导下不同浓度罗哌卡因肋缘下入路腹横肌平面阻滞在上腹部手术中的效果

目的探讨超声引导下不同浓度罗哌卡因肋缘下入路腹横肌平面(oblique subcostal transversus abdominis plane,OSTAP)阻滞在上腹部手术中的效果。方法选择上腹部手术患者147例,男85例,女62例,年龄18~80岁,ASAⅠ或Ⅱ级,随机分成四组。四组术前双侧肋缘下入路,A组(n=41)、B组(n=55)、C组(n=37)分别给予0.375%、0.5%、0.75%罗哌卡因共2.5 mg/kg,D组(n=14)双侧各给予生理盐水20 ml。术中静-吸复合麻醉,七氟醚0.8~1.0 MAC维持,右美托咪定0.5μg/kg,并瑞芬太尼0.1μg·kg-1·min-1持续微泵。术后使用酒石酸布托啡诺与氟比洛芬酯静脉镇痛48 h。观察患者舒芬太尼、瑞芬太尼用量、血管活性药物用量、出血量。并记录患者术后12、24 h VAS评分、术后12 h芬太尼用量、术后肠道排气时间和住院时间。结果 A、B、C组舒芬太尼用量分别为(30.5±9.4)、(27.4±7.4)和(30.9±8.8)μg,均明显少于D组的(47.1±9.3)μg(P0.05)。四组术中瑞芬太尼、血管活性药物用量、术中出血量、术后12、24 h VAS评分、术后12 h芬太尼用量、排气时间、住院时间差异无统计学意义。结论静-吸复合麻醉下,超声引导下罗哌卡因OSTAP阻滞可以明显减少术中阿片类药物的应用。不同浓度罗哌卡因阻滞效果无明显差异。     

布托啡诺复合罗哌卡因切口局部浸润对老年患者结肠术后疼痛的影响

目的:探讨布托啡诺复合罗哌卡因切口局部浸润对老年患者结肠癌根治手术后疼痛的影响.方法:选择40例ASAII-III级择期行结肠癌根治手术的老年患者,随机分为布托啡诺、罗哌卡因组(B组)和罗哌卡因组(L组),手术结束后分别进行切口局部浸润.结果:术后4hVAS评分,两组无显著差异(P>0.05);术后8 h、12 h和24 h VAS评分,B组均显著低于L组(P<0.05);B组术后24 h舒芬太尼的用量明显低于L组(P<0.05);嗜睡发生率L组高于B组(χ2=7.025,P=0.00836).结论:布托啡诺可有效延长局麻药切口局部浸润的作用时间,减轻老年患者结肠癌根治术后疼痛,减少镇痛药物的用量.     

布托啡诺对患者自控硬膜外镇痛罗哌卡因EC50的影响

目的观察布托啡诺对患者自控硬膜外镇痛罗哌卡因EC_(50)的影响。方法择期行胃癌根治术患者64例,男38例,女26例,年龄43～58岁,BMI 21～24 kg/m~2,ASAⅠ或Ⅱ级。随机分为两组:罗哌卡因组(R组)和布托啡诺复合罗哌卡因组(BR组),每组32例。所有患者选择T_(8-9)间隙行硬膜外穿刺并置管。R组硬膜外镇痛泵配方为罗哌卡因和生理盐水混合液共100 ml,BR组硬膜外镇痛泵配方为罗哌卡因、布托啡诺5mg和生理盐水的混合液共100 ml,采用序贯法测定罗哌卡因浓度,初始浓度为0.1%,相邻药物浓度比值为1.2。采用Dixon-Massey法确定罗哌卡因EC_(50)及其95%CI。术后2 h患者VAS评分3分则镇痛有效,VAS评分≥3分则镇痛无效。记录患者术前15 min(T_0),术后1 h(T_1),术后3h(T_2),术后6 h(T_3),术后12 h(T_4),术后24 h(T_5),术后48 h(T_6)HR、MAP和RR,并进行VAS评分,运动阻滞评分。观察两组患者术后恶心呕吐、嗜睡、皮肤瘙痒和尿潴留等不良反应的发生情况并记录。结果 R组EC_(50)为0.19%(95%CI 0.17%～0.20%);DR组EC_(50)为0.11%(95%CI 0.10%～0.12%)。两组T_0—T_6时HR、MAP、RR和VAS评分差异无统计学意义;R组运动阻滞评分达到1分的发生率明显高于BR组(P0.05),R组恶心发生率明显高于BR组(P0.05)。两组均无皮肤瘙痒、尿潴留和嗜睡等不良反应发生。结论布托啡诺可增强罗哌卡因PCEA镇痛效果,降低罗哌卡因浓度,对患者呼吸循环无影响,不伴有皮肤瘙痒和恶心呕吐。     

右美托咪定复合罗哌卡因腹横肌平面阻滞在腹膜透析置管术中的效果

目的探讨右美托咪定复合罗哌卡因行腹横肌平面(transversus abdominis plane,TAP)阻滞在腹膜透析置管术中的安全性和有效性。方法选择在TAP阻滞下行腹膜透析置管手术患者60例,男45例,女15例,年龄35~60岁,ASAⅡ或Ⅲ级,采用随机数字表法,将患者随机分为两组,每组30例:罗哌卡因(R组)和右美托咪定复合罗哌卡因组(DR组)。R组以0.375%罗哌卡因45 ml,DR组以右美托咪定1μg/kg+0.375%罗哌卡因复合液45 ml行腹横肌平面阻滞。记录入室后10 min(T1)、手术开始即刻(T2)、术中分离腹横肌(T3)、术毕(T4)时的MAP、HR、SpO2、Ramsay镇静评分。T1-T4时抽取静脉血样,测定血浆皮质醇(Cor)、血浆肾上腺素(E)和去甲肾上腺素(NE)浓度。记录阻滞起效时间、持续时间、镇痛时间、患者满意度、术中舒芬太尼补救用量及围术期心动过缓、低血压、恶心等不良反应的发生情况。结果与R组比较,T2-T4时DR组MAP明显降低,HR明显减慢,Ramsay评分明显升高,血浆Cor、E、NE浓度明显降低(P<0.05),阻滞持续时间、镇痛时间明显延长(P<0.05),术中舒芬太尼用量明显减少(P<0.05),患者满意度明显升高(P<0.05)。两组阻滞起效时间、SpO2及心动过缓、低血压、恶心发生率差异无统计学意义。结论右美托咪定1μg/kg复合0.375%罗哌卡因行腹横肌平面阻滞用于腹膜透析置管术,可有效减轻应激反应,延长阻滞持续时间和镇痛时间,改善麻醉效果。     

酒石酸布托啡诺复合超声引导腹横纹肌阻滞的应用观察

目的研究静注酒石酸布托啡诺复合超声引导下腹横肌平面(TAP)阻滞在妇科开腹手术中的应用效果,为后期治疗提供依据。方法选取本院收治的200例行妇科开腹手术患者,采用抛硬币的方法随机分为两组,每组各100例。两组均在完成手术后拔管前期,均在超声引导下双侧TAP分别注射0.375%罗哌卡因20ml,并注入酒石酸布托啡诺1mg(T组)及空白对照组(D组)。术后两组患者均使用静脉自控镇痛泵。比较两组拔管后心率血压变化,利用视觉模拟疼痛(VAS)评分评估两组患者术后2、6、12、24小时和48小时疼痛情况,利用医院自制的表格统计两组患者镇痛满意度,记录术后各类并发症。结果正确的超声引导下,T组患者顺利完成TAP阻滞;T组切皮时血压、脉率变化小于D组,数据差异显著(P0.05);T组患者术后2、6、12小时的VAS评分低于D组(P0.05),术后24及48小时VAS评分差异不显著,统计学分析比较不具有实际意义(P0.05);T组镇痛泵按压次数减少(P0.05),镇痛满意度较好(P0.05)。T组均未见TAP穿刺引起的不良反应。结论酒石酸布托啡诺复合超声引导下腹横肌平面(TAP)阻滞在妇科开腹手术中应用能够有效缓解疼痛,减少静脉阵痛类药物在术中以及术后的用量,阵痛效果显著,操作成功率较高,值得临床推广。     

不同剂量布托啡诺联合罗哌卡因用于硬膜外分娩镇痛

目的采用不同剂量布托啡诺联合0.25%罗哌卡因用于硬膜外分娩镇痛,探讨较适宜的布托啡诺剂量。方法选择足月、单胎头位初产妇120例,ASAⅠ或Ⅱ级,随机均分成四组,在硬膜外麻醉下分别接受下列药物:A组,9.5 ml 0.25%罗哌卡因加0.5 ml布托啡诺(0.5 mg);B组,9 ml0.25%罗哌卡因加1.0 ml布托啡诺(1.0 mg);C组,8.5 ml 0.25%罗哌卡因加1.5 ml布托啡诺(1.5mg);D组(对照组),10 ml 0.25%罗哌卡因。观察四组产妇疼痛开始缓解时间(T1)、疼痛完全缓解持续时间(T2)及总用药量。用视觉模拟评分(VAS)和改良Bromage评分评估镇痛、运动神经阻滞情况,观察各组产妇的生命体征、产程时间、用药量及新生儿Apgar评分。结果随着布托啡诺浓度的提高,T1逐渐缩短,与D组比较,B、C组T1明显缩短(P<0.01)。随着使用布托啡诺剂量的增加T2延长,与D组比较,B、C组T2明显延长(P<0.01)。与D组比较,B、C组罗哌卡因总用量明显降低(P<0.01)。结论0.25%罗哌卡因9 ml联合1 mg布托啡诺用于分娩镇痛为最佳剂量且有效安全。     

右美托咪定复合罗哌卡因腹横肌平面阻滞对老年患者结直肠癌根治术后早期恢复质量的影响

目的探讨右美托咪定复合罗哌卡因腹横肌平面阻滞(TAPB)对老年结直肠癌根治术患者术后早期恢复质量的影响。方法择期全麻下行腹腔镜下结直肠癌根治术患者60例,男33例,女27例,年龄65~85岁,BMI 19~25kg/m^2,ASAⅡ或Ⅲ级,采用随机数字表法分为罗哌卡因组(C组)和右美托咪定复合罗哌卡因组(D组),每组30例。两组于麻醉诱导前在超声引导下行双侧TAPB,C组给予0.375%罗哌卡因,每侧20 ml;D组给予0.375%罗哌卡因+右美托咪定0.5μg/kg,每侧20 ml。术后连接自控静脉镇痛泵(吗啡50 mg稀释至50 ml)作为补救镇痛,PCA剂量1 ml,锁定时间5 min,无背景输注。分别于术前1 d及术后3 d进行40项恢复质量(QoR-40)及匹兹堡睡眠质量指数(PSQI)评分。记录术后首次补救镇痛时间、吗啡消耗量及不良反应的发生情况。结果与C组比较,D组术后3 d QoR-40量表评分中身体舒适度、情绪状态、心理支持、疼痛及总评分明显升高,PSQI评分和吗啡消耗量明显降低,术后首次补救镇痛时间明显延长(P<0.05)。两组术后不良反应发生率差异无统计学意义。结论右美托咪定复合罗哌卡因腹横肌平面阻滞可有效提高老年结直肠癌根治术患者术后早期睡眠及恢复质量,有利于老年患者术后康复。     

超声引导下多点肋缘下腹横肌平面阻滞在开腹胃癌根治术中的应用

目的观察双侧多点肋缘下腹横肌平面阻滞(transversus abdominis plane block,TAP)对开腹胃癌根治术患者术后镇痛效果的影响。方法择期全麻下行开腹胃癌根治术患者60例,男35例,女25例,年龄50~70岁,ASAⅠ或Ⅱ级,随机分为两组,每组30例。全麻诱导成功后,超声引导下行双侧肋缘下多点腹横肌平面阻滞,两组患者分别注入0.5%罗派卡因40ml(研究组)或等量生理盐水(对照组)。手术结束患者清醒拔管后被推入PACU,患者离开PACU之前连接静脉自控镇痛泵。记录拔管后2、6、12、24和48h的疼痛VAS评分,记录术中舒芬太尼、瑞芬太尼及血管活性药物的总用量,术后镇痛泵按压次数及舒芬太尼的总用量。结果术后6、12、24h,研究组VAS评分明显低于对照组(P0.05)。研究组术中舒芬太尼、瑞芬太尼和血管活性药物的总用量,术后镇痛泵按压次数,及术后舒芬太尼的总用量均明显少于对照组(P0.05)。结论腹横肌平面阻滞通过阻滞前腹壁腹横肌平面的周围神经,为开腹胃癌根治术患者提供良好的术后镇痛。     

复方倍他米松复合罗哌卡因胸椎旁阻滞用于胸腔镜术后镇痛的效果

目的 探讨超声引导下复方倍他米松复合罗哌卡因胸椎旁阻滞用于胸腔镜术后镇痛的效果。方法 选择行择期胸腔镜手术患者60例,男41例,女19例,年龄18～60岁,BMI 18～25 kg/m²,ASAⅠ或Ⅱ级。采用随机数字表法将患者分为两组：复方倍他米松复合罗哌卡因组(B组)和罗哌卡因组(R组),每组30例。两组在麻醉诱导前行超声引导下胸椎旁阻滞,B组注射药物为加入复方倍他米松0.5 ml的0.4%罗哌卡因25 ml, R组注射药物为0.4%罗哌卡因25 ml。两组均采用标准化的支气管插管静脉全麻方案,术后行PCA。记录阻滞起效时间、镇痛持续时间、PCA首次按压时间,术中舒芬太尼、瑞芬太尼、丙泊酚用量,术后2、4、8、12、24、48 h静息和活动时(咳嗽)VAS疼痛评分,术后48 h PCA总按压次数和舒芬太尼补救镇痛例数,术后48 h内呼吸抑制、恶心呕吐、穿刺部位感染、尿潴留等不良反应发生情况。结果 与R组比较,B组阻滞起效时间明显缩短(P<0.05),镇痛持续时间、PCA首次按压时间明显延长(P<0.05)。两组术中舒芬太尼、瑞芬太尼、丙泊酚用量差异均...     

超声引导下连续腹横肌平面阻滞对开腹直肠癌根治术患者术后早期恢复质量的影响

目的评价超声引导下连续腹横肌平面阻滞对开腹直肠癌根治术患者术后镇痛及早期恢复质量的影响。方法择期全麻下行开腹直肠癌根治术患者60例,男33例,女27例,年龄45～65岁,ASAⅠ或Ⅱ级。随机分为两组:连续腹横肌平面阻滞组(T组)和患者自控静脉镇痛组(C组),每组30例。T组麻醉诱导后行超声引导下双侧腹横肌平面阻滞,分别注入0.25%罗哌卡因20 ml,术毕双侧分别输注0.25%罗哌卡因5 ml/h。C组术毕采用舒芬太尼1μg/ml行PCIA。记录首次下床时间、术后首次排气时间、住院时间和补救镇痛情况;记录术后不良反应的发生情况;分别于术前1 d、术后3 d采用40项恢复质量评分量表(QoR-40量表)评估患者恢复质量。结果与C组比较,T组首次下床时间、肠道功能恢复时间明显缩短(P0.05);补救镇痛率和恶心呕吐发生率明显降低(P0.05)。T组未见腹横肌平面阻滞相关并发症的发生。术后3 d T组的情绪状态评分、身体舒适度评分、心理支持评分、疼痛评分及总评分明显高于C组(P0.05)。结论超声引导下连续腹横肌平面阻滞用于开腹直肠癌根治术患者术后镇痛效果满意,提高患者术后早期恢复质量。     

超声引导下颈浅丛神经阻滞对颈椎前路减压融合术患者术后早期康复质量的影响

目的评价超声引导下颈浅丛神经阻滞对颈椎前路减压融合术患者术后早期康复质量的影响。方法择期行颈前路手术的颈椎病患者60例,男37例,女23例,年龄18~70岁,BMI 18.5~29.5 kg/m^2,ASAⅠ或Ⅱ级,采用随机数字表法分为两组:颈浅丛神经阻滞联合全麻组(S组)和全麻组(C组),每组30例。S组在全麻诱导前实施超声引导下右侧颈浅丛神经阻滞,注入0.375%罗哌卡因15 ml;C组不行神经阻滞。两组均静脉注射依托咪酯0.3 mg/kg、舒芬太尼0.4μg/kg、罗库溴铵0.6 mg/kg进行麻醉诱导,麻醉维持采用静-吸复合麻醉,术中维持BIS值40~60。分别于术前1 d、术后1 d采用QoR-40量表对患者进行评分。记录术中瑞芬太尼和丙泊酚用量、拔管时间、术后住院时间、术后补救镇痛情况,术后恶心呕吐、咽喉痛、吞咽困难、声音嘶哑等不良反应及神经阻滞相关并发症的发生情况。结果与C组比较,S组术后1 d的QoR-40总评分及身体舒适度、情绪状态、心理支持、疼痛评分明显提高(P<0.05),术中瑞芬太尼用量明显减少(P<0.05),术后补救镇痛率、术后恶心呕吐和吞咽困难发生率明显降低(P<0.05)。两组丙泊酚用量、拔管时间、术后住院时间、术后咽喉痛和声音嘶哑发生率差异无统计学意义。S组未出现神经阻滞相关并发症。结论超声引导下颈浅丛神经阻滞用于颈椎前路减压融合术,有利于提高患者早期康复质量。     

甲哌卡因腹横筋膜阻滞对瑞芬太尼引起的痛觉超敏反应的影响

［摘要］ 目的 观察甲哌卡因腹横筋膜阻滞对瑞芬太尼引起的痛觉超敏反应的影响。方法 收集择期下行腹式全宫手术患者50例，分为甲哌卡因组（25例）和对照组（25例）。甲哌卡因组在麻醉诱导后在超声引导下用1.5%甲哌卡因行腹横筋膜阻滞，每侧20 mL，对照组不予腹横筋膜阻滞。麻醉维持均采用七氟烷0.8-1.1 MAC，瑞芬太尼0.05~0.3 μg/kg·min，监测脑电双频指数（BIS），根据BIS值和血流动力学情况调整麻醉用药。观察并比较患者术中瑞芬太尼总的消耗量，术后1 h（VAS 1），3 h（VAS 2），6 h（VAS 3），12 h（VAS 4），24 h（VAS 5）的视觉模拟评分（VAS评分），术后病房镇痛药物的追加量及相关并发症。结果 甲哌卡因组术中瑞芬太尼用量显著小于对照组（P<0.05），术后各时间点VAS评分小于对照组（均P<0.05），而术后镇痛药物追加次数小于对照组（P<0.05）。结论 术前使用甲哌卡因腹横筋膜阻滞可明显减少术中瑞芬太尼用量，减轻瑞芬太尼引起的痛觉超敏反应。     

Transversus abdominis plane infiltration for laparoscopic gastric banding: A pilot study

AIM: To estimate an effect size for the transversus abdominis plane(TAP) infiltration on quality of recovery in patients undergoing laparoscopic gastric band surgery. METHODS: The pilot study was a randomized, double blinded, placebo controlled trial. Patients undergoing laparoscopic gastric band surgery were randomized to receive a bilateral TAP infiltration with 20 mL of 0.5% ropivacaine or saline. The evaluated outcomes included quality of recovery-40(QoR-40) at 24 h, postoperative opioid consumption and pain. Data was examined using the Mann-Whitney U test. RESULTS: Nineteen subjects were recruited. There was a positive trend favoring the TAP infiltration group in global QoR-40 scores at 24 h after surgery, median [interquartile range(IQR)] of 175.5(170-189) com-pared to 170(160-175) in the control group(P = 0.06). There also a positive trend toward a lower cumulative opioid consumption in the TAP infiltration group, median(IQR) of 7.5(2.5-11.5) mg iv morphine equivalents compared to 13(7-21.5) in the control group(P = 0.07). Correlation analysis(Spearman's Rho) demonstrated an inverse relationship between 24 h cumulative opioid consumption and global QoR-40 scores,-0.49(P = 0.03). CONCLUSION: The use of multimodal analgesic techniques to reduce opioid related side effects is particularly desirable in morbidly obese patients undergoing gastric reduction surgery. The TAP infiltration seems to have a clinically important effect in reducing postoperative opioid consumption and improve quality of recovery after laparoscopic gastric band surgery in morbid obese patients. Future studies to confirm the beneficial effects of the TAP infiltration in these patients are warranted.     

双侧腹横肌平面阻滞复合双侧腹直肌鞘阻滞在腹腔镜胆囊切除术中的应用

目的观察双侧腹横肌平面复合双侧腹直肌鞘阻滞在腹腔镜胆囊切除术患者中的镇痛效果及安全性。方法选择2015年5~9月拟在全麻下行腹腔镜胆囊切除术的患者90例,男35例,女55例,年龄19~79岁,BMI 18~30kg/m~2,ASAⅠ或Ⅱ级。将患者随机分为双侧腹横肌平面阻滞复合双侧腹直肌鞘阻滞组(TR组)、腹横肌平面阻滞组(T组)和静脉镇痛泵镇痛组(P组),每组30例。麻醉诱导前,TR组在超声引导下双侧腹横肌平面分别注射0.22%甲磺酸罗哌卡因20ml,双侧腹直肌后鞘分别注射0.22%甲磺酸罗哌卡因10ml;T组在超声引导下双侧腹横肌平面分别注射0.22%甲磺酸罗哌卡因20ml,双侧腹直肌后鞘分别注射生理盐水10 ml;P组在超声引导下双侧腹横肌平面分别注射生理盐水20ml,双侧腹直肌后鞘分别注射生理盐水10 ml,P组术后使用PCIA(配方:舒芬太尼50μg+生理盐水50ml)。记录三组患者入室后5min(T_1)、腹腔穿刺导入器置入前2min(T_2)和和置入后2min(T_3)的SBP、DBP、HR、SpO_2,术中瑞芬太尼及丙泊酚的用量,术后2、6、12、24h患者腹腔穿刺孔静态和动态视觉模拟疼痛(VAS)评分,同时评价术后镇痛满意度,记录不良反应的发生情况。结果与T组和P组比较,TR组患者在腹腔穿刺导入器穿刺前后血压波动较小(P0.05);术后2、6、12hTR组剑突下穿刺孔的静态和动态VAS评分明显低于T组和P组(P0.05);术后2、6hTR组脐穿刺孔的静态VAS评分和术后2、6、12hTR组脐穿刺孔的动态VAS评分明显低于T组和P组,术后12hTR组脐穿刺孔的静态VAS评分明显低于P组(P0.05);术后2、6、12hTR组右侧肋缘下穿刺孔的静态和动态VAS评分明显低于P组(P0.05),术后24h三组患者的VAS评分差异无统计学意义,TR组术后镇痛满意度明显高于T组和P组(P0.05)。结论双侧腹横肌平面复合双侧腹直肌鞘阻滞应用于腹腔镜胆囊切除术患者有助于术中循环稳定,术后镇痛效果好,具有安全性。     

Transversus abdominis plane infiltration for laparoscopic gastric anding: A pilot study简

AIM: To estimate an effect size for the transversus abdominis plane (TAP) infiltration on quality of recovery in patients undergoing laparoscopic gastric band surgery.METHODS: The pilot study was a randomized, double blinded, placebo controlled trial. Patients undergoing laparoscopic gastric band surgery were randomized to receive a bilateral TAP infiltration with 20 mL of 0.5% ropivacaine or saline. The evaluated outcomes included quality of recovery-40 (QoR-40) at 24 h, postoperative opioid consumption and pain. Data was examined using the Mann-Whitney U test.RESULTS: Nineteen subjects were recruited. There was a positive trend favoring the TAP infiltration group in global QoR-40 scores at 24 h after surgery, median [interquartile range (IQR)] of 175.5 (170-189) compared to 170 (160-175) in the control group (P = 0.06). There also a positive trend toward a lower cumulative opioid consumption in the TAP infiltration group, median (IQR) of 7.5 (2.5-11.5) mg iv morphine equivalents compared to 13 (7-21.5) in the control group (P = 0.07). Correlation analysis (Spearman’s Rho) demonstrated an inverse relationship between 24 h cumulative opioid consumption and global QoR-40 scores, -0.49 (P = 0.03).CONCLUSION: The use of multimodal analgesic techniques to reduce opioid related side effects is particularly desirable in morbidly obese patients undergoing gastric reduction surgery. The TAP infiltration seems to have a clinically important effect in reducing postoperative opioid consumption and improve quality of recovery after laparoscopic gastric band surgery in morbid obese patients. Future studies to confirm the beneficial effects of the TAP infiltration in these patients are warranted.     

Successful anesthetic management of tracheal reconstruction and omentopexy with thoracic epidural anesthesia and transversus abdominis plane block

A 64-year-old man was diagnosed to have a tracheal tumor 2 cm proximal to the carina. He was scheduled for tracheal resection and reconstruction with omentopexy. An epidual tube was placed at the level of T5-6. After induction of anesthesia by propofol and remifentanil, a tracheal tube was inserted with the aid of bronchofiberscopy. Bilateral transversus abdominis plane block (TAPB) was performed with 0.5% ropivacaine 40 ml under ultrasound guidance. Anesthesia was maintained by sevoflurane and remifentanil, together with epidural infusion of ropivacaine and fentanyl. During tracheal resection and reconstruction, his left main bronchus was intubated directly from the cutting edge. After the operation, he was extubated under anesthesia without coughing. No pain was complained during postoperative course. Epidural anesthesia combined with TAPB provided sufficient postoperative analgesia, especially in tracheal resection and reconstruction with omentopexy.     

Better timing of ultrasound-guided transversus abdominis plane block for early recovery after open inguinal herniorrhaphy: A prospective randomised controlled study

BackgroundThis study investigated the optimal timing of analgesic transversus abdominis plane (TAP) block in the operating room for better recovery quality using the Korean version of the Quality of Recovery-40 (QoR-40K) questionnaire in patients who had undergone open inguinal herniorrhaphy.MethodsThis single-centre, prospective randomised controlled study included adult male patients who had an ASA physical status of I–II. A total of 80 patients were analysed. The patients were randomly assigned and classified into pre-incisional TAP (pre-TAP) block (n = 40) and post-incisional TAP (post-TAP) block (n = 40) groups. The quality of postoperative functional recovery and complications were compared between the two groups during 24 h postoperatively.ResultsPreoperative findings of the two groups were comparable. The global QoR-40K score was higher in the pre-TAP group than in the post-TAP group. Among sub-dimensions, scores of physical comfort and pain were higher in the pre-TAP group than in the post-TAP group. In the post-anaesthesia care unit, the pre-TAP group showed lower pain scores than the post-TAP block group. There was no severe pain in the pre-TAP group, but two patients (5.0%) in the post-TAP block group suffered severe pain. The pre-TAP group required lower doses of IV rescue opioid in the PACU than the post-TAP group. All patients were discharged from hospital on postoperative day 1 without surgical complications.ConclusionsThe timing of analgesic TAP block may be of clinical importance to prevent postoperative pain and to improve the quality of early patient recovery following open inguinal herniorrhaphy.     

超声引导腹横肌平面阻滞对全麻子宫切除术病人术后镇痛效果的影响

目的 探讨超声引导腹横肌平面(TAP)阻滞对全麻子宫切除术病人术后镇痛效果的影响.方法 择期拟在全麻下行经腹子宫切除术病人60例,ASA分级Ⅰ或Ⅱ级,随机分为2组(n=30):罗哌卡因组(R组)和生理盐水组(NS组).麻醉诱导后行超声引导双侧TAP阻滞,分别注射0.375%罗哌卡因40 ml(R组)或等容量生理盐水(NS组).术后均行PCIA,维持VAS评分≤3分.于术后2、6、8、12、24 h时行Ramsay镇静评分及BCS舒适度评分.记录术后血液动力学变化情况.记录舒芬太尼术中、术后24 h内PCIA中的用量及术后24 h内PCIA的有效按压次数(D1)和实际按压次数(D2),并计算D1/D2;记录不良反应的发生情况.结果 两组术后SP、DP、HR、SpO2和RR均在正常范围,组间比较差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05).与NS组比较,R组BCS舒适度评分升高,舒芬太尼术中及术后24 h内PCIA用量减少,D1/D2升高(P＜0.05),Ramsay镇静评分差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05).两组均未见血肿、恶心、呕吐、皮肤瘙痒、胸闷等不良反应发生.结论 超声引导TAP阻滞减少了全麻子宫切除术病人围术期阿片类镇痛药用量,增强了术后镇痛效应.