Branemark种植固定义齿游离臂长度对应力分布影响的三维有限元分析

目的：研究Branemark种植体在金属桥架固定全口义齿修复中游离臂长度对应力传导的影响。方法：以一个实际病例，应用三维有限元法。对10mm、15mm、20mm三种不同长度的游离臂，在垂直和侧向不同载荷受力时，对种植体骨界面的应力分布进行分析。结果：(1)Branemark种植固定义齿远中游离臂末端种植体皮质骨界面的应力值最大。(2)垂直和侧向加载时，随着游离臂长度的增加，种植体皮质骨界面的应力相应增加。结论：远中游离臂过长不利于种植体及其骨界面的应力均匀分布，游离臂长度以不超过10mm为安全。     

种植体长度对骨界面应力分布影响的三维有限元分析

目的：研究种植体长度对种植体骨界面应力的影响。进一步探讨种植体长度对种植体骨界面应力的影响。方法：采用三维有限元的方法对三种不同长度的种植体,在受到垂直力和侧向力时对骨界面上的应力分布进行分析。结果：垂直加载时,随着种植体长度的增加,种植体骨界面的应力值改变不明显。水平加载时,随着种植体长度的增加,种植体骨界面的应力值下降。结论：增加种植体的长度可以提高种植牙随侧向力的能力,临床上在选择种植体时,应尽量地选择较长的种植体。     

种植体长度对即刻负载种植体骨界面生物力学分布的影响

目的:建立包含不同长度标准直径种植体的下颌骨三维有限元模型,分析不同长度种植体对即刻负载种植体骨界面应力应变分布的影响.方法:采用薄层CT扫描下颌骨和自主开发的USIS软件建立直径4.1mm不同长度螺纹种植体即刻负载的三维有限元模型,用ANSYS软件分析长度分别为6、8、10、12、14mm的种植体,在垂直和颊舌向45o加载150N力时种植体骨界面的von Mises应力、应变值.结果:随着种植体长度的增加,种植体骨界面的应力和应变值均呈下降趋势.种植体骨界面应力值在长度从6mm增加到8mm时下降最明显,尤其是颊舌向加载时;而种植体长度从8mm增加到10mm及从10mm增加到12mm和从12mm增加到14mm时,骨界面应力值下降并不很明显.种植体骨界面应变值也是在长度从6mm增加到8mm及8mm增加到10mm时下降最明显.结论:种植体长度的增加能降低骨界面应力和应变值,呈负相关关系;但只在长度从6mm增加到8mm时应力值降低才较明显.这提示临床上尽量不要采用长度为6mm的种植体,并应适当地选择足够长度的种植体.     

种植全口义齿的应力分布特点

采用三维有限元法对种植全口义齿在后牙游离端加载时的应力分布特点进行了研究。结果发现，骨界面的最大应力值出现在远中种植体的颈部皮质骨层处，种植体内部的最大应力值出现在远中种植体内，基托应力则高度集中于距加载点最近的种植体处。     

种植全口义齿的应力分力特点

采用三维有限元法对种植全口义齿在后牙游离端加载时的应力分布特点进行了研究。结果发现，骨界面的最大应力值出现在远中种植体的颈部皮质骨层处，种植体内部的最大应力值出现在远中种植体内，基托应力则高度集中于距加载点最近的种植体处。     

Brånemark种植固定义齿游离臂长度对应力分布影响的三维有限元分析

目的研究Branemark种植体在金属桥架固定全口义齿修复中游离臂长度对应力传导的影响.方法以一个实际病例,应用三维有限元法,对10mm、15mm、20mm三种不同长度的游离臂,在垂直和侧向不同载荷受力时,对种植体骨界面的应力分布进行分析.结果(1)Branemark种植固定义齿远中游离臂末端种植体皮质骨界面的应力值最大.(2)垂直和侧向加载时,随着游离臂长度的增加,种植体皮质骨界面的应力相应增加.结论远中游离臂过长不利于种植体及其骨界面的应力均匀分布,游离臂长度以不超过10mm为安全.     

Brnemark种植固定义齿游离臂长度对应力分布影响的三维有限元分析

目的 :研究Branemark种植体在金属桥架固定全口义齿修复中游离臂长度对应力传导的影响。方法 :以一个实际病例 ,应用三维有限元法 ,对10mm、15mm、20mm三种不同长度的游离臂 ,在垂直和侧向不同载荷受力时 ,对种植体骨界面的应力分布进行分析。结果 :(1)Branemark种植固定义齿远中游离臂末端种植体皮质骨界面的应力值最大。(2)垂直和侧向加载时 ,随着游离臂长度的增加 ,种植体皮质骨界面的应力相应增加。结论 :远中游离臂过长不利于种植体及其骨界面的应力均匀分布 ,游离臂长度以不超过10mm为安全。     

下颌改良杆卡式种植覆盖义齿的应力分布——垂直载荷与斜向载荷的比较

采用三维各向异性有限元法分析全下颌改良杆卡式种植覆盖义齿垂直载荷与斜向载荷下的应力分面。结果显示,种植体的最大应力出现在种植体骨外段的近、远中面;种植体界面骨组织的最大应力位于种植体颈部周围的骨皮质界面;斜向载荷下种植体及其骨组织界面的应力值高于垂直载荷时,且垂直载荷下种植体骨界面的应力分布更均匀;近远中向斜向加载时种植体及其骨组织界面的最大应力值高于舌颊向加载时。     

上颌改良杆卡式种植覆盖义齿的应力分布：———垂直载荷与斜向 …

采用三维各向异性有限元法分析全下颌改良杆卡式种植覆盖义齿垂直载荷与斜向载荷子的应力分布。结果显示，种植体的最大应力出现在种植体有外段的近、远中面；种植体界面骨细胞的最大应力位于种植体颈部周围的骨质界面；斜向载荷下种植体及其骨组织界面的应力值高于垂直载荷时，且垂直载荷下种植体骨界面的应力分布更均匀；近远中向斜向加载时种植体及其骨组织界面的最大应力值高于舌颊向加载时。     

穿下颌种植体周围骨界面应力分析

目的：探讨穿下颌种植体数目，钛金基板对穿通下颌骨种植体周围骨界面应力分布的影响。方法：本研究采用ANsys5．7三维有限元分析软件对经CT扫描后的无牙下颌骨进行建模分析，得出不同条件下穿下颌种植体（二单位、四单位，加与未加基板）周围骨界面颈部骨皮质，松质骨上1／3，松质骨中1／3，松质骨下1／3，下颌骨下缘骨皮质及种植体尖部的最大拉应力，最大压应力，位移值。结果以统计直方图，应力分布图等表示。结果：二单位加连接杆加基板穿下颌种植受唇舌向加载时，最大拉应力及压应力均表现在颈部骨皮质的唇侧及舌侧，受近远中向加载时，最大拉应力表现在左侧种植体左侧的骨皮质颈部，最大压应力表现在右侧种植体的右侧骨皮质颈部，受垂直向加载时，最大拉应力表现在种植体的尖部，最大压应力表现在颈部骨皮质及种植体尖部。位移分布规律与应力分布相对应。四单位加连接杆加基板穿下颌种植在受各向加载时，应力分布及位移分布规律基本同二单位式，但相对的应力值较小。未加基板穿下颌种植在受各向加载时，其应力分布规律与加基板者基本相似，但加基板种植的根部应力小于未加基板者，而种植体尖部应力较大。结论：增加穿通式种植体的数目，可以减小种植体周颈部密质骨的最大应力值，加基板多个穿通式种植可以分散下颌骨下缘应力集中。提示：在进行穿通式种植覆盖义齿修复的临床应用中，应考虑增加种植体的数目并在下颌骨下缘使用基板连接。     

Influence of implant length and diameter on stress distribution: a finite element analysis

STATEMENT OF PROBLEM: Masticatory forces acting on dental implants can result in undesirable stress in adjacent bone, which in turn can cause bone defects and the eventual failure of implants. PURPOSE: A mathematical simulation of stress distribution around implants was used to determine which length and diameter of implants would be best to dissipate stress. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Computations of stress arising in the implant bed were made with finite element analysis, using 3-dimensional computer models. The models simulated implants placed in vertical positions in the molar region of the mandible. A model simulating an implant with a diameter of 3.6 mm and lengths of 8 mm, 10 mm, 12 mm, 14 mm, 16 mm, 17 mm, and 18 mm was developed to investigate the influence of the length factor. The influence of different diameters was modeled using implants with a length of 12 mm and diameters of 2.9 mm, 3.6 mm, 4.2 mm, 5.0 mm, 5.5 mm, 6.0 mm, and 6.5 mm. The masticatory load was simulated using an average masticatory force in a natural direction, oblique to the occlusal plane. Values of von Mises equivalent stress at the implant-bone interface were computed using the finite element analysis for all variations. Values for the 3 most stressed elements of each variation were averaged and expressed in percent of values computed for reference (100%), which was the stress magnitude for the implant with a length of 12 mm and diameter of 3.6 mm. RESULTS: Maximum stress areas were located around the implant neck. The decrease in stress was the greatest (31.5%) for implants with a diameter ranging from of 3.6 mm to 4.2 mm. Further stress reduction for the 5.0-mm implant was only 16.4%. An increase in the implant length also led to a decrease in the maximum von Mises equivalent stress values; the influence of implant length, however, was not as pronounced as that of implant diameter. CONCLUSIONS: Within the limitations of this study, an increase in the implant diameter decreased the maximum von Mises equivalent stress around the implant neck more than an increase in the implant length, as a result of a more favorable distribution of the simulated masticatory forces applied in this study.     

The influence of implant location and length on stress distribution for three-unit implant-supported posterior cantilever fixed partial dentures

STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM: The influence of implant location for an implant-supported cantilever fixed partial denture (FPD) on stress distribution in the bone has not been sufficiently assessed. PURPOSE: This study examined the influence of location and length of implants on stress distribution for 3-unit posterior FPDs in the posterior mandibular bone. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Each 3-D finite element model included an FPD, mesial and distal implants, and supporting bone. The mesial implant with a length of 10 mm or 12 mm was placed in locations where its long axis was 3 mm to 11 mm posterior to the remaining first premolar. The distal implant with a length of 10 mm was fixed at the same distance from the premolar on each model. A buccally-oriented oblique occlusal force of 100 N was placed on each occlusal surface of the FPD. RESULTS: The maximum equivalent stresses were shown at the cervical region in the cortical bone adjacent to the mesial or the distal implants. Relatively high stresses of up to 73 MPa were shown adjacent to the mesial implant located 9 mm or more posterior to the first premolar. The use of a 12-mm-long mesial implant demonstrated a relatively weak influence on stress reduction. CONCLUSION: The implant location in the cantilever FPDs was a significant factor influencing the stress created in the bone.     

单因素改变种植体直径或长度种植固定桥的三维有限元分析

目的 揭示相同直径不同长度或相同长度不同直径种植体支持式固定局部义齿(FPD)的应力分布规律。方法 利用三维有限元(3D-FEM)建立力学模型在垂直和水平加载条件下进行分析计算。结果 FPD应力分布出现不均衡状态,其种植体骨界面应力集中区的应力值和位移均增大,不利于种植体修复的远期成功。结论 种植固定桥修复中种植体的型号的选择以同型号为佳。     

Comparative evaluation of the effect of diameter, length and number of implants supporting three-unit fixed partial prostheses on stress distribution in the bone.

OBJECTIVES: The purpose of this study was to compare the effects of the diameter, the length and the number of implants on stress distribution in the bone around the implants supporting three-unit fixed partial prostheses in the mandibular posterior edentulism. MATERIALS AND METHOD: A mandibular Kennedy II three-dimensional finite element model was constructed. Four fixed partial prostheses with two terminal implant supports of various lengths and diameters, and two fixed partial prostheses with three implant supports of various lengths were designed. In separate load cases, 400 N oblique, 200 N vertical, and 57 N horizontal forces were simulated. The tensile and the compressive stress values in the cortical bone around the collar of the implants and Von Mises stresses in the implants were evaluated. RESULTS: Although the change in the length of implants did not decrease the stress levels, lower tensile and compressive stress values were observed in the bone for wider implant placement configurations. Similar stress distributions and close stress levels were observed for two wider implant supports in comparison with the three-implant-supported fixed partial prostheses. CONCLUSION: With the use of two implants of 4.1-mm diameter and 10-mm length as terminal supports for three-unit fixed prostheses, the magnitude and the distribution of stresses in the cortical bone around the implant collar is within the normal physiological limits.     

种植体直径和长度对支持组织应力分布的影响

目的：观察种植体直径、长度变化时由种植体支持的下颌种植覆盖义齿,在牙合力作用下其支持组织——牙槽骨及种植体周围的应力分布状况,探讨种植体长度和直径变化对支持组织应力分布的影响规律。方法：用三维光弹应力冻结切片法,对４种不同长度,３种不同直径的种植体支持的种植覆盖义齿,在牙合力作用下的应力状况进行应力冻结,并在相应部位切片观察,以了解各种状况下其支持组织的应力分布状况。结果：种植体长度变化对种植体周围骨界面及牙槽骨应力的大小有较大的影响,两者呈负相关关系;而在临床常用的几种直径种植体中,直径变化对种植体周围骨界面及牙槽骨应力的影响不大。结论：在种植义齿设计时,应着重考虑种植体长度变化对种植体周围骨界面及牙槽骨应力的影响,种植体直径变化可不作考虑。     

种植固定桥应力分布均衡时种植体长度和直径间关系的三维有限元分析

目的：揭示种植固定桥在应力分布均衡状态下种植体之间长度与直径的关系。方法：利用三维有限元法,根据种植固定桥应力均衡时应力值随着种植体直径或长度的改变,确定种植体直径和长度的关系。结果：本实验得出了在垂直加载及水平加载条件下,要达到应力均衡分布时种植体直径和长度的相关值,并绘制出两者关系曲线。结论：通过调整种植体的直径和长度,可使不同型号种植体支持式固定桥达到应力分布均衡,种植体的直径和长度选择与模     

种植体长度对天然牙-种植体联合修复体应力影响的研究

目的:建立天然牙-种植体联合支持固定桥的三维有限元模型.探讨不同种植体长度对天然牙-种植体联合支持固定桥的修复体上部结构、天然牙等应力分布的影响.方法:对模型施加200N垂直向集中的力和200N颊舌向集中的力,运用CT扫描、三维有限元分析方法等手段,对比观察不同长度的种植体对天然牙及其修复体上部结构应力分布的影响.结果...     

Tension More种植体骨界面的光弹应力分析

目的 研究不同锥度设计的Tension More（TM）种植体对种植体骨界面应力分布的影响。方法 医用纯钛制作5组种植体,分别为圆柱状螺纹种植体、上1/3 TM种植体（锥度长度为3 mm）、中1/2 TM种植体（锥度长度为5 mm）、下1/3 TM种植体（锥度长度为7 mm）、全长变化TM种植体（锥度长度为10 mm）。每组种植体各自包埋于由松质骨及1 mm皮质骨构成的复合光弹模型中,共建立5个复合光弹模型。每一模型先后分别予以垂直及斜向（45°）静态加载力。利用光弹应力分析法比较5组种植体骨界面的生物力学特征。结果 垂直加载下,上1/3 TM种植体、中1/2 TM种植体、下1/3 TM种植体比圆柱状螺纹种植体在皮质骨区及松质骨区的局部应力集中小;斜向加载下,4组TM种植体皮质骨区局部应力集中均低于圆柱状螺纹种植体。无论在垂直、斜向加载下,上1/3 TM种植体皮质骨区局部应力集中均最小。结论 合理锥度设计的TM种植体周围皮质骨、松质骨应力分布均匀合理,在不同载荷条件下,上1/3 TM种植体骨界面生物力学表现最优。     

Three-dimensional finite element analyses of four designs of a high-strength silicon nitride implant

The effects of implant shape and size on the stress distribution around high-strength silicon nitride implants under vertical and oblique forces were determined using a three-dimensional finite element analysis. Finite element models were designed using as a basis the serial sections of the mandible. Using Auto-CAD software, the model simulated the placement of implants in the molar region of the left mandible. Results of the analyses demonstrated that mainly the implant root shape and the directions of bite forces influence the stress distributions in the supporting bone around each implant. Implant size is a lesser factor. The serrated implants presented a larger surface area to the bone than either the cylindrical or tapered implants, which resulted in lower compressive stress around the serrated implants. With increasing implant diameter and length, compressive stress decreased. The mean compressive stress distribution on the serrated implants was more flat (platykurtic) than on either the cylindrical or tapered implants. Results of studies on two load directions (vertical and oblique) showed that, in either case, the compressive stress in the cortical bone around the neck of the implant was higher than in the cancellous bone along the length of the implant. The most extreme principal compressive stress was found with oblique force. This study provides the first information on the relationship between shape of the silicon nitride implant and stress on the supporting bone.     

眶部种植体长度对骨界面应力影响的三维有限元研究

目的 探讨不同长度的眶部种植体对骨界面应力分布的影响。方法 建立直径3.75 mm,长度分别为3、4、6、10 mm的眶部种植体-颅颌面骨三维有限元模型,分别给予沿种植体轴向和与轴向成45°的载荷,载荷大小20 N,记录两种方向载荷下种植体及骨界面的Von-Mises应力峰值和位移峰值,分析其应力分布。结果 施加沿种植体轴向载荷时,种植体周围应力集中于根部,种植体受力大于骨面;施加与轴向成45°载荷时,应力集中于种植体颈部与第一螺纹之间,种植体受力大于骨面。施加两个方向的载荷时,3 mm种植体的应力峰值明显大于其他长度种植体,而位移峰值无明显变化。在相同长度下,施加沿种植体轴向载荷时的应力峰值及位移峰值均明显低于与轴向成45°载荷时,载荷方式对界面应力分布有明显的影响。结论 临床上尽量选择4 mm以上的眶部种植体;应用3 mm种植体时,应选择骨密质较厚的区域植入。