天麻总DNA提取及聚合酶链反应扩增鉴定

目的：改良常用的植物DNA提取的CTAB，SDS法，以有效去除天麻多糖类杂质。方法：用CTAB法提取天麻鲜品不同部位（块茎、花序轴和胚芽）DNA；用生理盐水浸泡天麻干品之后，在应用CTAB，SDS法提取天麻干品的DNA；通过已知序列的天麻抗真菌蛋白基因片段的聚合酶链反应（PCR）扩增和PCR产物测序鉴定天麻DNA及其质量。结果：提取了44份天麻样本DNA，用CTAB法提取天麻鲜品不同部位的DNA，成功地用于PCR扩增，并通过DNA测序进一步鉴定；应用改良的CTAB，SDS法提取天麻干品DNA可用于PCR扩增，但DNA测序未成功。结论：用CTAB法提取的天麻鲜品各个部位DNA均可用于基因分析，而用天麻胚芽提取DNA的效果最理想；改良CTAB法能有效提取天麻干品DNA。提取的DNA可用于基因扩增。     

高质量的丹参叶片DNA的提取方法研究

目的从富含多酚和多糖的泰山白花丹参干叶片中分离出适用于AFLP分析的高质量基因组DNA。方法比较4种DNA提取方法，获得了一种以CTAB法为基础的分离高质量完整DNA的简便、快速方法。此法包括：CTAB-free buffer清洗，4倍CFAB抽提和固体PVP和Vc防止氧化。结果使用该方法从泰山白花丹参干叶片中分离的DNA OD260／OD280为1．86，由此法所得的DNA可直接用于AFLP分析。结论该技术可有效地从富含多酚和多糖的药周植物组织中分离出高质量DNA。     

药用植物珠子参新鲜块根DNA提取方法研究

目的为获取珠子参高质量、高产量的总DNA,满足SSR-PCR标记实验。方法采用经典CTAB法、改良CTAB法、高盐低PH法和SDS法对珠子参总DNA提取方法进行比较研究,用紫外分光光度法和琼脂糖凝胶电泳检测DNA质量。结果 4种方法中产量最高的为经典CTAB法,产率为149.533ng/g,纯度最高的为改良CTAB法,OD260/OD280为1.796。结论 4种方法提取的DNA质量均满足SSR-PCR标记实验,扩增效果改良CTAB法和SDS法效果最佳。     

天麻总DNA提取的研究

目的：寻找快速便捷的天麻总DNA的提取方法.方法：采用天麻干品为材料,用CTAB,SDS 2种提取法及液氮、玻璃砂2种研磨方法提取干天麻总DNA,并进行了比较.结果：2种不同的研磨法和2种不同的提取方法,均可从天麻中提取到一定纯度的DNA,其中CTAB法提取的DNA纯度较好,产率较高;SDS法提取的DNA纯度较低且不稳定,产率较低.结论：从天麻干品中采用CTAB法提取DNA用于分子生物学研究是可行的,用玻璃砂研磨能取得与液氮相近的结果.     

天麻基因组DNA提取方法的选择和优化

目的:探讨天麻DNA提取法。方法:选最优法并正交试验。结果:SDS-CTAB法提取DNA完整、纯度高、重复性好。结论:优化SDS-CTAB法提取DNA适用于天麻AFLP体系。     

玄参总DNA提取方法的比较研究

目的探讨药材玄参总DNA的最佳提取方法。方法分别采用SDS法和CTAB法提取药材玄参总DNA,并对其进行核酸含量测定和电泳检测。结果采用SDS法提取的总DNA其OD260/OD280=1.83,而采用CTAB法提取的总DNA其OD260/OD280=1.64;DNA电泳检测显示采用SDS法提取的总DNA条带清晰,而采用CTAB法提取的总DNA出现严重的拖尾现象。结论用SDS法提取药材玄参总DNA优于CTAB法。     

连翘干燥叶片高质量DNA的提取方法研究

目的：探讨不同DNA提取方法对连翘干燥叶片的DNA质量及RAPD—PCR标记结果的影响,找出提取连翘总DNA的最佳方法。方法：分别用常规CTAB法、高盐低pH法和改良CTAB法提取连翘总DNA．分别进行琼脂糖凝胶电泳、紫外吸收A260／A280和RAPD—PCR分析,通过比较找出提取连翘总DNA的最佳方法。结果：以CTAB法为基础的改良CTAB法可获得较高质量的DNA进行PCR扩增。结论：改良CTAB法是一种分离高质量完整DNA的简便、快速方法。     

适于Panhandle PCR模板的贵阳腐霉基因组DNA的提取方法

目的：探索适合作为锅柄聚合酶链反应（Panhandle PCR）模板的贵阳腐霉基因组DNA的提取方法。方法：采用氯化苄法、微波法、改良的SDS法提取贵阳腐霉基因组DNA,利用核酸蛋白检测仪及琼脂糖凝胶电泳法测定其纯度和浓度,并比较其作为Panhandle PCR模版的扩增效果。结果：氯化苄法、微波法、改良的SDS法均能提取到贵阳腐霉基因组DNA,氯化苄法提取的基因组DNA纯度及含量较高。而且氯化苄法提取的基因组DNA扩增的条带专一,特异性强。结论：氯化苄法提取的贵阳腐霉基因组DNA最适合作为Panhandle PCR的模板。     

用于慢病毒包装的高纯度质粒 DNA 的大量制备和应用

目的：建立简便易行、成本低廉和安全可靠的高纯度质粒大量制备方法,探讨其在分子生物学研究中的应用。方法：培养含目的质粒的菌株,运用改良后的碱裂解法大量提取质粒DNA并进行纯化,微量核酸仪测定质粒DNA的产量及纯度;采用琼脂糖凝胶电泳、限制性核酸内切酶酶切、转染哺乳动物细胞和慢病毒包装,鉴定质粒DNA的质量及转染效率。结果：本质粒提取方法获得质粒DNA产量为2．5mg／L菌液,OD260/OD280=1．91;以超螺旋质粒DNA为主;限制性核酸内切酶可完全酶切;哺乳动物细胞转染效率在85％以上;可用于慢病毒包装。结论：本方法抽提质粒DNA操作简单、经济实用,可替代质粒大量提取试剂盒获得高产优质的质粒DNA,充分满足了分子生物学实验的要求。     

泰山白花丹参干叶片高质量DNA的提取

目的为了从富含多酚和多糖的泰山白花丹参干叶片中分离出适用于AFLP分析的高质量基因组DNA。方法比较了4种DNA提取方法,获得了一种以CTAB法为基础的分离高质量完整DNA的简便、快速方法。CTAB-freeBuffer清洗,4倍CTAB抽提和固体PVP和VC防止氧化。结果使用该方法从泰山白花丹参干叶片中分离的DNAA260/A280为1.86,由此法所得的DNA可直接用于AFLP分析。结论该技术可有效地从富含多酚和多糖的药用植物组织中分离出高质量DNA。     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.     

Scientific principles and rigorous processes should be followed in developing clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine

A clinical guideline for the therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine may be defined as a written document which states a series of recommendations on therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine for a special disease or condition. The guideline may provide assistance to medical professionals in making clinical decisions aimed at improving the clinical outcome of patients and reducing the costs of medical care（~＇4~. Recommendations issued by a guideline should be based on the best available evidence in both Western and Chinese medicine. For fulfilling this purpose, the development of clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions in the field of integrative medicine should follow scientific principles and undergo a rigorous processes.