非小细胞肺癌原发灶与脑转移灶EGFR基因突变状况的一致性研究

目的 探讨非小细胞肺癌（NSCLC）原发灶与脑转移灶的表皮生长因子受体（EGFR）基因突变状况,分析两者之间是否存在一致性。方法 收集2003年1月至2011年12月31例NSCLC脑转移患者的肺原发灶和脑转移灶石蜡包埋组织标本,应用DNA直接测序法进行EGFR突变分析,如发现两者突变不一致则进一步采用增殖阻碍突变系统 （ARMS）验证。结果 31例NSCLC肺原发灶中,8例存在19外显子E746-A750缺失突变、4例为21外显子L858R点突变;在31例脑转移灶样本中,8例为19外显子E746-A750缺失突变,3例存在21外显子L858R点突变,EGFR突变类型在脑转移灶和肺原发灶的分布差异无统计学意义 （P=0.793）。共有16.1％ （5／31）的肺原发灶和脑转移灶EGFR突变状况不一致,其中男性4例,女性1例;3例腺癌 （2例脑转移灶19外显子缺失突变而肺原发灶阴性突变,1例肺原发灶21外显子点突变而脑转移灶阴性突变）,1例鳞癌和1例非典型类癌 （均为脑转移灶阴性突变而肺原发灶19外显子缺失突变）。结论 NSCLC原发病灶及脑转移灶EGFR基因突变存在不一致性。     

非小细胞肺癌EGFR突变与脑转移的关系北大核心CSCD

目的探讨非小细胞肺癌(NSCLC)患者表皮生长因子受体(EGFR)突变状态与患者脑转移的关系。方法收集2010年至2014年经病理确诊的NSCLC患者资料132例,应用扩增阻滞突变系统(ARMS)方法检测原发肿瘤或者转移肿瘤组织的EGFR突变状态,随访患者疾病发展,分析EGFR突变状态与临床病理特征及脑转移之间的关系。结果 NSCLC患者发生脑转移与性别、吸烟状态无相关性(P>0.05),而与患者的年龄及EGFR突变状态有相关性(P<0.05),患者年龄越小、EGFR发生突变更易发生脑转移。经EGFR酪氨酸激酶抑制剂(EGFR-tyrosine kinase inhibitor,EGFR-TKI)治疗后生存期明显延长,其中吸烟是影响脑转移患者预后的独立危险因素。结论 EGFR基因突变患者更易发生脑转移,接受TKI及脑部放疗等治疗后,生存期更长。     

广西壮族非小细胞肺癌患者EGFR基因突变的研究

目的 研究广西壮族非小细胞肺癌患者表皮生长因子受体(EGFR)基因突变的情况.方法 收集163例广西壮族非小细胞肺癌(NSCLC)组织,采用ARMS( amplification refractory mutation system,ARMS)法PCR扩增检测EGFR基因外显子18、19、20及21的突变,进一步分析其突变与临床特征的关系,并与文献报道国内8个省、市的数据进行比较.结果 163例NSCLC中共检出73例EGFR基因突变,EGFR突变阳性率为44.8%,显著高于文献报道国内8个省市的总体水平(30.O%)(P＜0.05).其中,外显子19和21突变各占突变总数38.4%.腺癌和腺鳞癌突变发生率占突变总数的80.8%,女性EGFR基因突变率(57.7%)显著高于男性(38.7%)(P＜0.05).结论 广西壮族NSCLC患者EGFR基因突变率显著高于中国8个省、市的总体水平,其中以外显子19和21突变为多见.女性、腺癌和腺鳞癌患者是选用EGFR酪氨酸激酶抑制剂的优势人群.     

广西壮族非小细胞肺癌患者EGFR基因突变的研究

目的研究广西壮族非小细胞肺癌患者表皮生长因子受体（EGFR）基因突变的情况。方法收集163例广西壮族非小细胞肺癌（NSCLC）组织,采用ARMS（amplificationrefractorymutationsystem,ARMS）法PCR扩增检测EGFR基因外显子18、19、20及21的突变,进一步分析其突变与临床特征的关系,并与文献报道国内8个省、市的数据进行比较。结果163例NSCLC中共检出73例EGFR基因突变,EGFR突变阳性率为44．8％,显著高于文献报道国内8个省市的总体水平（30．0％）（P〈0．05）。其中,外显子19和21突变各占突变总数38．4％。腺癌和腺鳞癌突变发生率占突变总数的80．8％,女性EGFR基因突变率（57．7％）显著高于男性（38．7％）（P〈0．05）。结论广西壮族NSCLC患者EGFR基因突变率显著高于中国8个省、市的总体水平,其中以外显子19和21突变为多见。女性、腺癌和腺鳞癌患者是选用EGFR酪氨酸激酶抑制剂的优势人群。     

伴脑转移的非小细胞肺癌EGFR突变率较高

目的:探讨表皮生长因子受体(epidermal growth factor receptor,EGFR)突变与非小细胞肺癌(non-small cell lung cancer,NSCLC)脑转移的相关性.方法:收集复旦大学附属华山医院胸外科及肿瘤科于2008年1月1日至2013年10月31日手术切除并经病理确诊的NSCLC患者肺癌组织标本90例.其中脑转移患者30例为观察组,无脑转移患者60例为对照组,采用直接测序法对所有标本进行EGFR基因突变检测.结果:无论腺癌还是鳞癌,脑转移NSCLC患者中EGFR基因突变明显高于无脑转移患者(46.7％vs 15.0％,P＜0.01).结论:EGFR基因突变增加可能与NSCLC脑转移相关.     

广西南宁地区非小细胞肺癌EGFR基因突变分析

目的:分析广西南宁地区非小细胞肺癌(NSCLCs)表皮生长因子受体(EGFR)基因突变的情况。方法:采用突变特异性扩增系统(Amplification Refractory Mutation System,ARMS)检测604例NSCLCs EGFR基因第18-21号外显子的突变,同时分析其突变与临床特征的关系。结果:604例NSCLCs共检出242例EGFR基因突变（40.1％）,其中外显子19和21 L858R突变各占突变总数的 50.0％（121/242）和45.5%（110/242）;腺癌和腺鳞癌基因突变率分别为46.0%（203/441）和49.1%(26/53);女性EGFR基因突变率（53.1%,119/224）显著高于男性(32.4%,123/380）。结论:广西南宁地区NSCLCs患者EGFR基因突变主要见于女性、腺癌和腺鳞癌,突变类型以外显子19的缺失突变和外显子21的L858R突变为主。     

广西南宁地区非小细胞肺癌EGFR基因突变分析

目的:分析广西南宁地区非小细胞肺癌(NSCLCs)表皮生长因子受体(EGFR)基因突变的情况。方法:采用突变特异性扩增系统(AmplificationRefractoryMutationSystem,ARMS)检测604例NSCLCsEGFR基因第18-21号外显子的突变,同时分析其突变与临床特征的关系。结果:604例NSCLCs共检出242例EGFR基因突变(40.1%),其中外显子19和21L858R突变各占突变总数的50.0%(121/242)和45.5%(110/242);腺癌和腺鳞癌基因突变率分别为46.0%(203/441)和49.1%(26/53);女性EGFR基因突变率(53.1%,119/224)显著高于男性(32.4%,123/380)。结论:广西南宁地区NSCLCs患者EGFR基因突变主要见于女性、腺癌和腺鳞癌,突变类型以外显子19的缺失突变和外显子21的L858R突变为主。     

非小细胞肺癌EGFR不同突变状态的脑转移发生特点及治疗

目的 有研究显示,表皮生长因子受体(epidermal growth factor receptor,EGFR)的突变状态,与非小细胞肺癌(non-small cell lung cancer,NSCLC)脑转移存在相关性.本研究进一步探讨EGFR不同突变状态的NSCLC患者,脑转移发生的特点以及相应的治疗.方法 选取2009-04-01-2014-12-01中国人民解放军火箭军总医院肿瘤科病理确诊断的231例NSCLC患者的临床资料,进行回顾性研究.并应用实时定量PCR方法,检测上述患者的EGFR突变状态.利用x2检验比较EGFR不同突变状态的患者,脑转移特点的差异.Kaplan-Meier法进行生存分析.结果 EGFR检测结果示野生型119例,18、19、20、21号外显子及19/21双突变的分别有3例、58例、5例、42例和4例.19号外显子突变患者的脑转移发生率(55.2％)显著高于野生型患者(41.2％),P=0.04.伴21号外显子突变＞3个脑转移病灶患者(47.6％)的比例显著高于野生型患者(28.6％),P＜0.01.此外,伴21号外显子突变患者的中位脑转移年龄(63岁)也显著高于野生型患者(52岁),P=0.02.对于伴有EGFR突变的脑转移患者,脑转移后接受过酪氨酸激酶抑制剂(tyro-sine kinase inhibitors,TKIs)的患者,其中位脑转移后生存期显著长于接受常规化疗的患者(未达到vs 9个月),P=0.01.结论 伴EGFR特定位点突变的患者有更高的脑转移发生率、脑转移数目及脑转移时年龄.TKIs可改善伴EG-FR突变脑转移患者的预后.     

辽宁沈阳地区非小细胞肺癌EGFR基因突变分析

目的:探讨辽宁沈阳地区非小细胞肺癌（NSCLC）患者表皮生长因子受体（EGFR）基因突变情况及其与临床病理特征的关系。方法:采用扩增耐突变系统（Amplification Refractory Mutation System,ARMS）检测辽宁沈阳地区471例NSCLC患者EGFR基因第18,19,20及21外显子突变情况。结果:471例NSCLC患者共检出EGFR突变253例（53.7%）,其中19缺失和L858R突变占总突变数的42.3%,51.8%。女性患者突变率67.9%明显高于男性（37.4%）,两者之间差异有统计学意义（P=0.000）。腺癌患者突变率57.2%明显高于非腺癌患者（18.6%）,差异有统计学意义（P=0.000）。结论:辽宁沈阳地区NSCLC患者EGFR突变多见于女性,腺癌患者,突变类型以19缺失和21外显子的L858R突变为主。     

EGFR基因突变与吉非替尼治疗晚期非小细胞肺癌的疗效和预后的关系

目的 探讨中国人群中EGFR的突变与吉非替尼治疗局部晚期或转移性非小细胞肺癌（NSCLC）的疗效和预后的关系。方法 2002年5月至2005年2月,符合人组条件的患者每日服用吉非替尼,每次250mg,直至疾病进展或出现不可耐受的毒副反应。收集患者吉非替尼治疗前的肿瘤组织,提取基因组DNA后,采用巢式PCR技术扩增EGFR基因的18—24外显子,并从正反两个方向进行DNA测序和分析。结果 有106例患者人组,肿瘤标本包括25例冰冻的新鲜组织和81例石蜡包埋组织。其中32例（30．2％）发生了突变,腺癌患者的突变率（35．9％）明显高于鳞癌患者（14．3％,P=0．033）。突变患者的治疗有效率（71．9％）明显高于无突变患者（13．5％,P〈0．01）。突变患者的中位肿瘤进展时间（15个月）明显长于无突变患者（3个月,P〈0．01）。突变患者的生存期（18．5个月）也明显长于无突变患者（6．0个月,P〈0．01）。结论 中国人群中EGFR基因突变可以较好地预测吉非替尼治疗晚期NSCLC的疗效和预后。     

EGFR mutation status and survival after diagnosis of brain metastasis in nonsmall cell lung cancer

A small subset of patients with nonsmall cell lung cancer (NSCLC) harbors mutations in the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) that predict unique sensitivity to EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs). The characteristics and behavior of brain metastases (BMs) in these patients have not been well described. The longitudinal records of all NSCLC patients who underwent EGFR mutation screening at our center from August 2004 to November 2008 were reviewed for eligibility, and 93 patients were identified who developed BM during the course of their disease. Survival was estimated using the Kaplan–Meier method and the log-rank test. Multivariable predictors were assessed via the Cox proportional hazards model. Among the 93 patients with BM, 41 (44%) had mutations in EGFR, including 13 exon 19 deletions and 12 L858R mutations. Eighty-three percent of patients with BM were treated initially with whole brain radiation, either alone (53%) or in combination with craniotomy for neurosurgical resection (22%) or stereotactic radiosurgery (8%). Median survival from the time of BM was 11.7 months and was longer for patients with an EGFR mutation (14.5 vs 7.6 months, P = .09). On multivariable analysis, EGFR mutation (HR: 0.50, 95% CI: 0.30–0.82), age (HR: 1.03, 95% CI: 1.00–1.05), and active extracranial disease (HR: 3.30, 95% CI: 1.70–6.41) were independently associated with survival. In NSCLC patients with BM, EGFR mutation status is associated with improved survival, independent of age, functional status, extracranial disease status, and number of BMs.     

晚期非小细胞肺癌EGFR突变与18F-FDG PET/CT代谢参数的相关性及其对预后评估的影响

  目的  探讨晚期非小细胞肺癌（non-small cell lung cancer,NSCLC）患者18F-FDG PET/CT代谢参数及临床资料与表皮生长因子受体（epidermal growth factor receptor,EGFR）基因突变状态的相关性。同时探究EGFR基因突变状态对PET/CT代谢参数评估晚期NSCLC患者预后的影响。  方法  回顾性分析2017年1月至2018年12月在重庆医科大学附属第一医院接受18F-FDG PET/CT检查并有EGFR基因突变检测  结果  的109例晚期NSCLC患者。根据患者EGFR基因检测  结果  分为EGFR突变型组（n=48）与EGFR野生型组（n=61）,比较两组间PET/CT代谢参数及临床信息的差异并分析其与EGFR突变状态的关系。随访患者的无进展生存（progression free survival,PFS）状态,分析EGFR突变状态对PET/CT代谢参数评估PFS的影响。  结果  多因素Logistic分析发现,女性（OR=12.154,P < 0.001）、腺癌（OR=4.822,P=0.019）、低最大标准摄取值（maximum standardized uptake value,SUVmax）（≤9.58,OR=4.347,P=0.005）是EGFR突变的独立预测因子。ROC生存曲线分析肿瘤代谢体积（metabolic tumor volume,MTV）（AUC= 0.749,P=0.000 2）,糖酵解总量（total lesion glycolysis,TLG）（AUC=0.747,P=0.000 3）对患者的PFS状态具有预测价值。Cox回归分析发现,在EGFR基因突变型组中,MTV>14.85的患者疾病进展风险更高（HR=2.724,P=0.004）;EGFR野生型组中,MTV>12.48的患者疾病进展风险更高（HR=3.195,P=0.002）。  结论  对于晚期NSCLC患者,EGFR突变与更低的FDG摄取相关,体积代谢参数具有重要的预后预测价值,但对于EGFR基因突变不同状态,可以考虑不同的标准。      

孤立性脑转移非小细胞肺癌患者的临床决策探讨

既往认为孤立性脑转移非小细胞肺癌（NSCLC ）患者属于Ⅳ期,一般不考虑手术治疗,仅给予化疗或放疗等治疗,但很难达到理想的疗效。近年来通过多学科协作体系（MDT ）给予规范化、个体化治疗,使患者的获益程度明显增加,甚至可以达到治愈。现介绍2 例天津医科大学肿瘤医院多学科协作治疗孤立性脑转移NSCLC 患者的病例,以期探讨和制定相应诊疗规范,让更多的患者受益。     

Prognostic factors to predict survival in non-small-cell lung cancer with brain metastasis

Objective： The purpose of the study was to assess prognostic factors to predict overall survival （OS） and progres- sion-free survival （PFS） in non-small-cell lung cancer （NSCLC） with brain metastasis （BM）. Methods： From November 2011 to March 2013, the clinical data of 31 NSCLC cases with BM treated with multiple modalities including brain radiotherapy alone, systemic chemotherapy, whole brain radiotherapy （WBRT） combined with tyrosine kinase inhibitor （TKIs）. The efficacy and adverse reaction were evaluated after treatment. Results： In terms of intracranial lesions, the objective response rate （ORR） and the disease control rate （DCR） were 22.6% and 90.3%, respectively. As for systemic disease, ORR and DCR were 32.3% and 93.5%, respectively. The median time to progression-free survival （PFS） was 298 days （95% CI： 258.624-337.376 days）, whereas in the epidermal growth factor receptor （EGFR） mutation patients was 331 days. Patients who received EGFR-TKIs combined with brain radiation had better response rate （RR） than those only brain radiation. Univariate analysis showed that the EGFR-mutations could predictive factors for PFS, and not to other clinical pathological features. The most common toxicities were rash and diarrhea, but all were well-tolerated. Conclusion： EGFR-mutations is the independent prognostic factors affecting the survival rates of NSCLC patients with BM. Through the clinical observation, icotinib combined with WBRT may be effective on brain metastases in NSCLC patients, and toxicities are tolerable, which worth further study.     

244-MPT overcomes gefitinib resistance in non-small cell lung cancer cells

The epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) is known to play a critical role in non-small cell lung cancer(NSCLC). Several EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitors(TKIs), such as gefitinib, have been used as effective clinical therapies for patients with NSCLC. Unfortunately, acquired resistance to gefitinib commonly occurs after 6–12 months of treatment. The resistance is associated with the appearance of the L858R/T790M double mutation of the EGFR. In our present study, we discovered a compound,referred to as 244-MPT, which could suppress either gefitinib-sensitive or -resistant lung cancer cell growth and colony formation, and also suppressed the kinase activity of both wildtype and double mutant (L858R/T790M) EGFR. The underlying mechanism reveals that 244-MPT could interact with either the wildtype or double-mutant EGFR in an ATP-competitive manner and inhibit activity. Treatment with 244-MPT could substantially reduce the phosphorylation of EGFR and its downstream signaling pathways, including Akt and ERK1/2 in gefitinib-sensitive and -resistant cell lines. It was equally effective in suppressing EGFR phosphorylation and downstream signaling in NL20 cells transfected with wildtype, single-mutant (L858R) or mutant (L858R/T790M) EGFR. 244-MPT could also induce apoptosis in a gefitinib-resistant cell line and strongly suppress gefitinib-resistant NSCLC tumor growth in a xenograft mouse model. In addition, 244-MPT could effectively reduce the size of tumors in a gefitinib-resistant NSCLC patient-derived xenograft (PDX) SCID mouse model. Overall, 244-MPT could overcome gefitinib-resistance by directly targeting the EGFR.     

吉非替尼治疗晚期复治性非小细胞肺癌41例

Objective  We observe the curative effect, median survival time, time to progression, quality of life and adverse effect of patients with advanced refractory non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) after gefitinib (Iressa) treatment. Methods  Forty-one patients with grade IIIb to IV NSCLC previously treated with two chemotherapy including 85.4% of patients after second line therapy were chosen. The regimen was oral intake of gefitinib 250 mg once daily until the disease progression or toxic reaction has become intolerable. The patients were required to receive tumor evaluation before the treatment, one month, two month and every three months after Iressa administration. Results  All of 41 patients were evaluable for therapeutic effect. Without complete regression being observed, partial response rate (PR), stable disease (SD) and progression of disease (PD) were 43.9% (18/41), 34.1% (14/41) and 22.1% (9/41), respectively. The overall response rate was 43.9% (18/41) and disease control rate (PR + SD) was 78% (32/41). The response rate in male was 42.1%, while it in female was 45.5% (P > 0.05). Twenty-two of them (53.7%, 22/41) were still alive with 10.1 months of MST when the follow-up ended in November 2006. TTP and MST of patients who died was 2.7 and 5.0 months, respectively. The rate of symptom improvement was 78% of all patients with 13 months of MST of PR patients. The Karnofsky enhanced 20 ± 5 after 28 days treatment without 3–4 degree of reactive toxicity. Conclusion  Iressa has significant antitumor activity in advanced NSCLC patients who have previously failed in second or third line chemotherapy. Iressa is effective and safe for patients with poor performance status.     

Influence of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) gene mutations on the expression of EGFR, phosphoryl-Akt, and phosphoryl-MAPK, and on the prognosis of patients with non-small cell lung cancer

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: In this paper we examined the influence of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) gene mutations on EGFR expression, downstream mediators, and survival in patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). METHODS: We retrospectively analyzed the tumors of 53 patients with completely resected pathological stage I-IIIA NSCLC for the presence of EGFR gene mutations, the expression of EGFR mRNA and protein, phosphoryl-Akt, and phosphoryl-mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) using immunostaining, and patients' prognosis. RESULTS: EGFR mutations were associated with elevations in EGFR mRNA (P = 0.004) and protein (P = 0.029) expression, but not with the expression of phosphoryl-Akt or phosphoryl-MAPK. The 5-year survival rate for all patients who exhibited an EGFR mutation was similar to those who were free of such mutations (71% vs. 56%, P = 0.252). However, the 5-year survival rate of patients with either a stage I adenocarcinoma or large cell carcinoma who had an EGFR mutation was significantly greater than for those who did not have such a mutation (92% vs. 57%, P = 0.037). CONCLUSIONS: EGFR gene mutations were significantly associated with higher EGFR expression, but not with p-Akt or p-MAPK status. In early stage NSCLC, the presence of an EGFR gene mutation bode well for the patient's prognosis.     

中国非小细胞肺癌患者K-Ras和EGFR基因突变与临床病理特征的关系

目的 探讨中国非小细胞肺癌（NSCLC）患者中K-Ras和表皮生长因子受体（EGFR）基因突变情况及其与临床病理特征的关系。方法 回顾性分析2011年7月至2013年8月广州医科大学附属第一医院收治的381例NSCLC患者的临床病理特征,并应用扩增突变阻滞系统（ARMS）检测其癌组织中EGFR基因18、19、20、21外显子共21个点突变和K-Ras基因12、13密码子共6个点突变,分析其突变情况及与临床病理特征的相关性。结果 21例（5.5％）存在K-Ras基因突变,其中20例12密码子,1例13密码子Asp突变;146例（38.3％）存在EGFR突变,其中4例18外显子突变（G719S）,52例19号外显子序列缺失突变,3例20外显子序列缺失突变,85例21外显子突变（81例L858R,4例L861Q）,2例双突变。男性患者K-Ras基因突变率高于女性患者,差异有统计学意义（6.8％ vs. 2.5％, P=0.018）。EGFR基因突变与性别、吸烟史、临床分期、全身转移、病理类型均有关（P＜0.05）。二分类Logistic回归分析显示,病理类型和性别与EGFR基因突变密切相关。结论 中国NSCLC患者中EGFR突变常见,该突变与腺癌有关;K-Ras基因突变率较低,多见于男性,其他相关因素尚需进一步研究。