TRPV4通过调控MAPK/ERK信号通路促进卵巢癌细胞的增殖和迁移北大核心

目的:探讨TRPV4通过影响MAPK/ERK信号通路调控卵巢癌细胞的增殖与迁移。方法:RT-qPCR和Western Blot方法检测TRPV4在卵巢癌细胞系和正常卵巢上皮细胞中的表达差异;GEPIA在线数据库分析卵巢癌患者TRPV4表达水平和预后关系;敲低TRPV4,通过RT-qPCR和Western Blot检测转染效率;通过细胞计数试剂盒(CCK8)、克隆形成实验以及Transwell迁移实验检测TRPV4在卵巢癌发生发展过程中增殖及迁移作用;通过GSEA软件富集分析信号通路并用Western Blot验证卵巢癌细胞MAPK/ERK信号通路表达量变化。结果:在卵巢癌细胞及临床组织样本中,TRPV4表达量明显增高,TRPV4表达量较高的患者预后更差。siRNA转染卵巢癌HO8910和Caov3细胞后,与Control组相比,TRPV4 mRNA和蛋白表达显著降低;细胞增殖迁移能力显著减弱;WB实验结果显示ERK总量不变,磷酸化水平降低,进一步实验中证实:敲低TRPV4后,ERK信号通路中的关键蛋白(P90RSK、MEK1/2、MSK1)磷酸化水平降低。结论:TRPV4在卵巢癌细胞及组织中高表达,可能通过正向调控MAPK/ERK信号通路,促进卵巢癌细胞增殖迁移等功能。     

FMNL2通过Rho信号通路促进胃癌细胞的侵袭和迁移

目的:研究同源形成素样蛋白2（FMNL2）是否通过Rho信号通路促进胃癌细胞的侵袭和迁移。方法:利用Oncomine数据库中的大数据分析FMNL2在胃癌及癌旁组织中的表达水平。运用实时定量聚合酶链反应（RT-PCR）和蛋白质印迹法（Western blot）检测胃癌细胞系中FMNL2 mRNA和蛋白的表达情况,使用shFMNL2质粒和空载质粒转染胃癌细胞系,并分为敲减组和对照组。采用 CCK8法、划痕实验、Transwell侵袭实验分析细胞的生物学功能,包括增殖、迁移及侵袭能力,利用Western blot方法检测两组细胞经Rho信号通路抑制剂Y27632处理后的E-cadherin、Vimentin及Rho信号通路相关蛋白的表达情况。结果:经生物信息学分析发现FMNL2在胃癌组织中高表达。同样FMNL2在胃癌细胞中表达水平升高。划痕实验和Transwell侵袭实验结果表明敲减组的迁移和侵袭能力显著下降。Western blot结果显示与对照组相比,E-cadherin在敲减组表达上调,Vimentin、RhoA、ROCK在敲减组表达下调。加入通路抑制剂Y27632后,EMT相关蛋白表达可被逆转。结论:下调FMNL2的表达可抑制胃癌细胞的侵袭迁移能力,并且可通过抑制Rho信号通路来实现。     

GNAS-AS1通过MAPK信号通路对肺鳞癌细胞增殖和迁移侵袭的影响

目的 阐明长链非编码RNA GNAS反义RNA 1(GNAS-AS1)在肺鳞癌(LUSC)进展中的生物学作用和机制。方法 UALCAN在线分析LUSC组织的GNAS-AS1水平,荧光定量PCR检测LUSC细胞的GNAS-AS1水平。向SK-MES-1细胞分别转染靶向GNAS-AS1的小干扰RNA(GNAS-AS1-siRNA)、无关序列siRNA-NC或表皮细胞生长因子EGF(MAPK通路激活剂),分为NC组(阴性对照)、GNAS-AS1-siRNA组(沉默GNAS-AS1表达)和GNAS-AS1-siRNA+EGF组(沉默GNAS-AS1表达+激活MAPK通路)。采用MTT法、划痕实验和Transwell小室实验评估SK-MES-1的增殖、迁移和侵袭能力。Western blotting检测p-MEK2/MEK2和p-ERK1/ERK1水平。结果 GNAS-AS1在LUSC组织中高表达,且与肿瘤分期相关(P<0.05)。与正常肺上皮细胞BEAS-2B相比,LUSC细胞(H1703、H520、H226和SK-MES-1)的GNAS-AS1表达上调(P<0.01)。与NC组相...     

LIPF调控MAPK信号通路对胃癌细胞增殖和迁移侵袭的影响

目的 阐明胃脂酶(LIPF)在胃癌细胞增殖、迁移和侵袭中的作用及其对丝裂原活化蛋白激酶(MAPK)信号通路的影响。方法 采用GEPIA和Human Protein Altas评估胃癌组织中LIPF的表达。实时定量PCR(qPCR)和蛋白印迹(Western blot)检测LIPF在胃癌细胞SGC-7901中的表达。SGC-7901细胞分为阴性对照组、LIPF过表达组和LIPF过表达+MAPK激活剂组。通过MTT、划痕实验和Transwell实验分析SGC-7901细胞中的细胞活力、迁移和侵袭能力。qPCR和Western blot用于检测细胞周期蛋白依赖性激酶4(CDK4)、基质金属蛋白酶9(MMP9)、磷酸化p38(p-p38)和磷酸化c-Jun氨基末端激酶(p-JNK)的表达。结果 LIPF在胃癌组织和SGC-7901细胞中表达降低(P<0.05)。与阴性对照组相比,LIPF过表达组的细胞增殖活力、划痕愈合率和侵袭细胞数均减少且CDK4、MMP9、p-p38和-JNK水平降低(P<0.05)。此外,与LIPF过表达组相比,LIPF过表达+MAPK激活剂组的细胞增殖活力、...     

乳腺癌组织和细胞中低表达的LZTS2 通过PI3K/AKT信号通路抑制癌细胞增殖、迁移和EMT

[摘要] 目的：探讨亮氨酸拉链肿瘤抑制因子2（leucine zipper tumor suppressor 2, LZTS2）基因在人乳腺癌组织和细胞系中的表达及其对乳腺癌细胞增殖、迁移和EMT的影响及其作用机制。方法：收集2016 年1 月至2016 年12 月开封中心医院乳腺外科收治的50 例女性乳腺癌患者的癌及癌旁组织标本和乳腺癌细胞系MCF-7、MDA-MB-231、MDA-MB-468 以及正常人乳腺上皮细胞株HBL-100,用qPCR 和Western blotting 检测乳腺癌组织和细胞中LZTS2 mRNA和蛋白表达水平。构建pcDNA-LZTS2 真核表达载体并采用脂质体转染MCF-7 细胞,同时转染pcDNA3.1 作为阴性对照。用Western blotting 检测转染48~72 h 后MCF-7 细胞中LZTS2 蛋白表达水平;用MTT法、Transwell 小室法检测LZTS2 过表达对细胞增殖、迁移和侵袭的影响,同时用Western blotting检测细胞中EMT相关蛋白Cyclin D1、波形蛋白、神经钙黏蛋白、上皮钙黏蛋白以及PI3K/AKT信号通路中相关蛋白的表达。结果：人乳腺癌组织中LZTS2 mRNA和蛋白表达水平均明显低于癌旁组织（P<0.05 或P<0.01）;乳腺癌MCF-7、MDA-MB-231 和MDA-MB-468 细胞中LZTS2 mRNA和蛋白表达水平显著低于乳腺上皮细胞HBL-100（P<0.05 或P<0.01）。与空白对照组和pcDNA3.1组相比,pcDNA-LZTS2 组MCF-7 细胞中LZTS2 蛋白表达水平明显上调（P<0.01）,细胞增殖、迁移和侵袭能力显著受到抑制（P<0.05 或P<0.01）,同时过表达LZTS2 细胞中Cyclin D1、波形蛋白和神经钙黏蛋白表达水平均明显降低（P<0.05 或P<0.01）、上皮钙黏蛋白表达水平明显升高（均P<0.01）,显示LZTS2 过表达通过降低p-PI3K和p-AKT 表达而抑制PI3K/AKT信号通路。结论：LZTS2 在乳腺癌中低表达,过表达LZTS2 能够抑制乳腺癌细胞的增殖、迁移和侵袭能力,可能与抑制细胞EMT过程的PI3K/AKT信号通路有关。     

DIAPH3对胃癌细胞增殖、迁移和侵袭的影响及分子机制

背景与目的：胃癌是消化系统常见的恶性肿瘤之一,但其发病机制尚不清楚。Diaphanous相关成蛋白3（diaphanous-related formin 3,DIAPH3）对多种肿瘤的发生、发展具有重要作用,但其在胃癌中的作用未见报道。探讨DIAPH3在胃癌组织中的表达及其对胃癌细胞增殖、迁移和侵袭的影响及其分子机制。方法：利用基因表达谱分析（gene expression profiling interactive analysis,GEPIA）数据库在线分析DIAPH3在胃癌组织中的表达;收集2020年1月—2020年12月年新乡医学院第四临床学院病理科保存的62例胃癌患者的石蜡包埋组织及配对癌旁组织标本,采用免疫组织化学染色方法检测胃癌组织中DIAPH3的表达,并进行临床病理学相关性分析;采用蛋白质印迹法（Western blot）检测敲低或过表达DIAPH3后对DIAPH3、细胞周期蛋白D1（cyclin D1）、E-钙黏蛋白（E-cadherin）、波形蛋白（vimentin）及N-钙黏蛋白（N-cadherin）蛋白质水平的变化。采用实时荧光定量聚合酶链反应（real-time fluorescent quantitative polymerase chain reaction,RTFQ-PCR）检测敲低或过表达DIAPH3后对DIAPH3转录水平表达的影响。利用细胞计数试剂盒-8（cellcounting kit-8,CCK-8）实验检测细胞增殖;利用划痕愈合实验检测细胞迁移;利用transwell小室实验检测细胞侵袭。结果：GEPIA数据库在线分析显示,与胃癌癌旁组织相比,DIAPH3 mRNA在胃癌组织中表达升高（P ＜ 0.05）;胃癌组织中DIAPH3的阳性表达率为70.97%（44/62）,高于胃癌癌旁组织16.13%（10/62）,差异有统计学意义（P ＜ 0.01）;与高中分化组比较,低分化组DIAPH3表达升高（P ＜ 0.05）;与无淋巴结转移组相比,有淋巴结转移组DIAPH3表达升高（P ＜ 0.05）。干扰DIAPH3组细胞增殖活力、细胞迁移率和细胞侵袭数均低于阴性对照组（P ＜ 0.05）;过表达DIAPH3组细胞增殖活力、细胞迁移率和细胞侵袭数均高于过表达对照组（P ＜ 0.05）。过表达DIAPH3后干扰cyclin D1,胃癌细胞株的增殖活力低于过表达DIAPH3组,高于过表达对照组（P ＜ 0.05）。过表达DIAPH3后干扰vimentin,胃癌细胞株的细胞迁移率和细胞侵袭数低于过表达DIAPH3组,高于过表达对照组（P ＜ 0.05）。与干扰对照组相比,干扰DIAPH3组E-cadherin蛋白质表达增加,DIAPH3、cyclin D1、vimentin和N-cadherin蛋白质表达降低（P ＜ 0.05）;与过表达对照组相比,过表达DIAPH3组中E-cadherin蛋白质表达降低,DIAPH3、cyclin D1、vimentin和N-cadherin蛋白质表达增加（P ＜ 0.05）。在敲低或过表达DIAPH3胃癌细胞株中,DIAPH3在mRNA水平均显著降低或升高（P ＜ 0.05）。结论：DIAPH3可促进胃癌细胞的增殖、迁移和侵袭,其作用与上调cyclin D1、促进上皮-间充质转化有关。     

TGF-β1通过TRAF6活化Notch3信号通路促进卵巢癌细胞迁移和侵袭的研究

背景与目的：转化生长因子β1(transforming growth factor-β1,TGF-β1)与Notch3在卵巢肿瘤组织中的异常表达与扩增分别与肿瘤转移和患者的低生存率有关。尽管TGF-β1与Notch3信号通路的交互作用促进多种肿瘤细胞的侵袭和转移,但其具体机制尚存在争议。该研究通过体外细胞学实验,探究TGF-β1与Notch3信号通路对卵巢癌细胞生物学行为的影响及其可能的相互作用机制。方法：以上皮性卵巢癌细胞Hey A8和Hey为细胞模型,用ELISA检测培养上清液中TGF-β1的表达;分别用500 ng/mL TGF-β1中和抗体(对照组)、10 ng/mL TGF-β1、50 μmol/L DAPT、10 ng/mL TGF-β1和50 μmol/L DAPT、50 μmol/L TRAF6多肽抑制剂、10 ng/mLTGF-β1和50 μmol/L TRAF6多肽抑制剂处理细胞,采用蛋白［质］印迹法(Western blot)检测各处理组TGF-β1和Notch3信号通路分子以及TRAF6蛋白表达水平的变化;采用细胞计数试剂盒(cell counting kit-8,CCK-8)、划痕实验和Transwell小室测定各处理组细胞增殖、迁移和侵袭能力的变化。结果：Hey A8和Hey细胞培养上清液中TGF-β1浓度随时间延长而明显增加;与对照组相比,TGF-β1处理组Notch3-ICD、Hes1表达增加,Notch3抑制剂DAPT与TGF-β1共同处理组Notch3-ICD、Hes1表达水平无明显变化,TGF-β1明显促进细胞增殖、迁移和侵袭,Notch3抑制剂DAPT削弱了TGF-β1对卵巢癌细胞的促增殖、迁移和侵袭能力,说明TGF-β1通过激活Notch3信号通路促进卵巢癌细胞增殖、迁移和侵袭;进一步研究发现,TGF-β1激活Notch3信号通路的同时上调TRAF6表达,特异性抑制TRAF6能够抑制TGF-β1对Notch3信号通路的激活作用。结论：TGF-β1可能通过TRAF6活化Notch3信号通路,从而促进卵巢癌细胞的增殖、迁移和侵袭能力。     

CCNB1基因通过调控PI3K/Akt信号通路对口腔鳞癌细胞增殖、侵袭和迁移的影响

目的 探讨细胞周期蛋白B1(CCNB1)基因对口腔鳞癌细胞增殖、侵袭和迁移的影响及作用机制。方法 实时荧光定量PCR(qRT-PCR)检测人正常口腔上皮细胞系HOK和人口腔鳞癌细胞系SCC-15、SCC-4、Cal-27中CCNB1基因的表达量,将CCNB1 siRNA(si-CCNB1)和阴性对照(si-NC)转染至SCC-15细胞,同时设置空白对照(Control),qRT-PCR和Western blot检测各组SCC-15细胞中CCNB1的表达,MTT实验、Transwell实验和划痕实验分别检测沉默CCNB1对SCC-15细胞增殖、侵袭和迁移能力的影响。Western blot检测细胞中MMP-2、MMP-9、PI3K、Akt和p-Akt蛋白的表达。结果 CCNB1在口腔鳞癌细胞系中的表达显著高于正常口腔上皮细胞(P＜0.05),si-NC组SCC-15细胞中CCNB1 mRNA和蛋白的表达与Control组无统计学差异(P＞0.05);si-CCNB1组中CCNB1 mRNA和蛋白的表达明显低于si-NC组和Control组(P＜0.05),si-NC组SCC-15细胞增殖、侵袭和迁移能力及MMP-2、MMP-9、PI3K、Akt、p-Akt蛋白表达与Control组无统计学差异(P＞0.05);si-CCNB1组细胞增殖、侵袭和迁移能力及MMP-2、MMP-9、PI3K、p-Akt蛋白表达均明显低于si-NC组和Control组(P＜0.05),两组间Akt蛋白表达无统计学差异(P＞0.05)。结论 CCNB1在口腔鳞癌细胞系中呈高表达,沉默CCNB1基因能够抑制人口腔鳞癌SCC-15细胞增殖、侵袭和迁移,其作用机制可能与抑制PI3K/Akt信号通路的激活有关。     

LncRNA DLEU2对胃癌细胞增殖、凋亡和PI3K/Akt信号通路的影响

目的探讨长链非编码RNA淋巴细胞白血病缺失基因2(DLEU2)对胃癌细胞增殖、凋亡和磷脂酰肌醇3激酶(PI3K)/蛋白激酶B(Akt)信号通路的影响。方法通过GEPIA在线分析来自TCGA数据库和GTEx项目的胃癌组织DLEU2水平,采用实时定量PCR(QPCR)检测正常胃黏膜上皮GES-1细胞和胃癌BGC-823细胞的DLEU2水平;脂质体法将3条靶向DLEU2的小干扰RNA(si-DLEU2-1、si-DLEU2-2和si-DLEU2-3)转染至BGC-823细胞中,筛选最佳si-DLEU2干扰序列进行实验。体外常规培养BGC-823细胞并分为转染si-DLEU2的干扰组、转染无义siRNA序列的阴性对照(NC)组和未转染的空白对照(Blank)组,采用MTT比色法和AnnexinⅤ-FITC/PI双染流式细胞术检测细胞的增殖活力和凋亡率,QPCR和Western blotting检测凋亡相关因子Bcl-2、Bax和caspase-3的水平,Western blotting检测磷酸化的PI3K调节亚基p85(p-p85)和Akt(p-Akt)水平。结果GEPIA在线分析显示胃癌组织的DLEU2水平高于正常组织(P<0.05);QPCR结果显示BGC-823细胞的DLEU2水平高于GES-1细胞(P<0.05),且3条si-DLEU2序列转染后,BGC-823细胞的DLEU2水平均降低(P<0.05),其中si-DLEU2-3序列的效果最佳,故选取si-DLEU2-3序列进行后续实验;干扰组的DLEU2水平及转染24、48 h后的增殖活力均低于Blank组和NC组(P<0.05)。干扰组的凋亡率为(21.529±1.320)%,高于Blank组的(9.032±0.536)%和NC组的(8.641±0.365)%(P<0.05)。与Blank组和NC组相比,干扰组的Bcl-2、p-p85和p-Akt水平降低,而Bax和caspase-3水平均升高(P<0.05)。Blank组和NC组上述指标的差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论DLEU2在胃癌组织和细胞中均升高且发挥促癌作用,可能通过激活PI3K/Akt信号通路来增强细胞增殖能力并抑制凋亡,有望成为胃癌治疗的新靶点。     

沉默ANLN基因对胃癌细胞侵袭、迁移、增殖和凋亡的影响

目的 探讨肌动蛋白结合蛋白ANLN在体外对胃癌细胞的增殖、凋亡、迁移和侵袭的影响。方法 RT-PCR和Western blot检测胃癌细胞株、胃黏膜细胞株中ANLN的表达情况和验证siRNA对ANLN基因的敲减情况。划痕实验和Transwell检测沉默ANLN基因表达对胃癌细胞迁移、侵袭能力的影响。CCK-8实验、细胞荧光染色和流式细胞术检测沉默ANLN基因表达对胃癌细胞增殖和凋亡的变化。结果 胃癌细胞株SGC-7901/MGC-803中的ANLN的mRNA和蛋白表达显著高于正常胃黏膜细胞株GES-1（P<0.001）。siRNA干扰后RT-PCR和Western blot结果证明转染成功,转染组的mRNA和蛋白表达量与对照组差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）。下调ANLN能够显著降低胃癌细胞的迁移、侵袭、增殖和凋亡能力。结论 下调ANLN的表达可以显著降低胃癌细胞侵袭、迁移、增殖和凋亡能力。     

TRPV3 inhibits colorectal cancer cell proliferation and migration by regulating the MAPK signaling pathway

BackgroundThe aim of this study was to investigate the inhibiting effect of transient receptor potential vanilloid 3 (TRPV3) on the proliferation and migration of colorectal cancer (CRC) cells and to explore the underlying mechanism.MethodsA microarray dataset from the publicly available Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database was used to investigate the prognostic value of TRPV3 in CRC. In addition, 100 CRC tissue samples were collected at our center to further validate its prognostic value at the protein level. Cell proliferation ability was detected by Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK-8) assay, and cell migration ability was detected by transwell assay. Gene set variation analysis (GSVA) was performed to identify the potential pathways regulated by TRPV3.ResultsBased on the largest microarray dataset ({"type":"entrez-geo","attrs":{"text":"GSE39582","term_id":"39582"}}GSE39582), low expression of TRPV3 was found to be significantly associated with poor prognosis in CRC patients, and this result was successfully validated at our cancer center. Functional experiments showed that knockdown of TRPV3 enhanced cell proliferation and migration, while enforced TRPV3 expression exhibited the opposite effect. GSEA based on public microarray data revealed that the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathway was notably activated in patients with low expression of TRPV3. Further experiments in vivo confirmed that TRPV3 silencing promoted cell proliferation and migration by activating the MAPK signaling pathway.ConclusionsLow expression of TRPV3, which stimulates cell proliferation and migration by provoking the MAPK signaling pathway, indicated poor prognosis in CRC patients.     

PD98059抑制MAPK/ERK信号通路对胃癌细胞生物学功能的影响

目的：研究MAPK/ERK信号通路中关键信号分子MEK和ERK在胃癌SGC-7901细胞中的表达及PD98059抑制MAPK/ERK通路对胃癌细胞生物学功能的影响。方法：体外培养胃癌细胞株SGC-7901,不同浓度（0、25、50、100、200、300和400 mmol/L）PD98059处理24 h后CCK-8法检测细胞增殖率变化;再用0、25、50和100 μmol/L PD98059处理24 h后采用实时荧光定量PCR（qPCR）检测MEK和ERK mRNA的表达量;Western blot检测MEK和ERK蛋白的表达;流式细胞术检测细胞周期和凋亡变化。同时设正常胃黏膜上皮GES-1细胞为对照。结果：与正常胃黏膜上皮GES-1细胞相比,胃癌SGC-7901细胞中MEK和ERK mRNA的表达升高,差异具有统计学意义（P < 0.05）;p-MEK、p-ERK蛋白的表达亦显著升高,差异具有统计学意义（P < 0.05）。0~200 μmol/L PD98059处理SGC-7901细胞后,细胞增殖率随着抑制剂浓度的升高而降低（P < 0.05）。当PD98059浓度处于200~400 μmol/L时抑制作用逐渐趋于平稳。0~100 μmol/L PD98059作用后MEK、ERK mRNA的表达量低于对照组（P < 0.05）,随着PD98059浓度升高,ERK mRNA表达量逐渐降低（P < 0.05）。Western blot检测结果显示50和100 μmol/L PD98059作用后p-MEK1/2、p-ERK1/2蛋白表达降低（P < 0.05）。且抑制剂PD98059使胃癌SGC-7901细胞发生G0/G1期阻滞,可诱导细胞凋亡。结论：MAPK/ERK信号通路在胃癌细胞中激活,PD98059通过抑制MAPK/ERK信号通路的活性可影响胃癌细胞的生物学功能。     

PIM1基因通过调控STAT3信号通路蛋白表达对食管癌细胞生物学行为的影响

目的:探讨原癌基因PIM1通过调控信号转导子与激活子3(STAT3)信号通路对食管癌KYSE150细胞增殖、凋亡、侵袭和迁移的影响.方法:分别以PIM1 siRNA和siRNA Control转染KYSE150细胞,命名为PIM1-siRNA组和NC组,同时设置空白对照Control组.采用实时荧光定量PCR(qRT-...     

节律因子BMAL1通过SHH信号转导通路影响胃癌MGC-803细胞的增殖

背景与目的：节律因子BMAL1除了在维持正常生物节律中发挥核心作用外,也参与多种肿瘤的演进过程,但其具体作用机制还未完全阐明。探讨节律因子BMAL1对胃癌细胞增殖的影响及下游信号转导通路。方法：应用靶向BMAL1的小干扰RNA（small interfering RNA,siRNA）进行细胞转染（si-BMAL1组）,并设置乱序阴性对照（negative control,NC）组,通过蛋白质印迹法（Western blot）验证细胞转染效率。分别采用MTT法和平板集落形成实验检测细胞的活力和增殖情况,采用Western blot测定细胞中增殖相关功能蛋白cyclin D1的表达水平以及SHH信号转导通路蛋白SHH、SMO、GLI1的表达变化。采用SHH信号通路抑制剂环巴胺处理BMAL1下调后的MGC-803细胞,采用Western blot检测SHH、SMO、GLI1及cyclin D1的蛋白水平,采用平板集落形成实验检测细胞增殖能力的变化。结果：与NC组相比,si-BMAL1组细胞活力增强,细胞中cyclin D1的表达上调,SHH、SMO、GLI1的表达明显上调（P<0.05）。SHH抑制剂环巴胺处理干扰BMAL1的MGC-803细胞后,与si-BMAL1组相比,si-BMAL1+环巴胺组SHH、SMO、GLI1的蛋白水平下调,cyclin D1并未发生明显变化,si-BMAL1促进胃癌细胞增殖的作用可被环巴胺所逆转。结论：BMAL1可能通过SHH信号转导通路抑制胃癌MGC-803细胞的增殖。     

Silymarin inhibits proliferation of human breast cancer cells via regulation of the MAPK signaling pathway and induction of apoptosis

Silymarin is a purified mixture of four isomeric flavonoids extracted from the seeds and fruit of the milk thistle plant, Silybum marianus (L.). Silymarin exhibits a wide variety of biological effects and is commonly used in traditional medicine. Therefore, the anticancer effects of silymarin on human breast cancer cells were investigated to determine its pharmacological mechanisms in vitro and in vivo. The viability and proliferation of MDA-MB- 231 and MCF-7 breast cancer cells were investigated using MTT and wound healing assays. Silymarin decreased the viability and proliferation of MDA-MB-231 and MCF-7 cells in a concentration-dependent manner. The number of apoptotic bodies, as shown by DAPI staining, was increased in a concentration-dependent manner, indicating that silymarin induces apoptosis. Additionally, changes in the expression levels of apoptosis-related proteins were demonstrated in human breast cancer cells using western blotting. Silymarin increased the levels of Bax, cleaved poly-ADP ribose polymerase, cleaved caspase-9 and phosphorylated (p-)JNK, and decreased the levels of Bcl-2, p-P38 and p-ERK1/2. Furthermore, the inhibitory effects of silymarin on MCF-7 tumor growth were investigated. In mice treated with silymarin for 3 weeks (25 and 50 mg/kg), MCF-7 tumor growth was inhibited without organ toxicity. In MCF-7 tumors, silymarin induced apoptosis and decreased p-ERK1/2 levels, as assessed using a TUNEL assay and immunohistochemistry. These results indicated that silymarin inhibited breast cancer cell proliferation both in vitro and in vivo by modulating the MAPK signaling pathway. Therefore, silymarin may potentially be used as a chemo-preventive or therapeutic agent.     

BRCA1-associated protein induced proliferation and migration of gastric cancer cells through MAPK pathway

BRCA1-associated protein (BRAP) was first found to bind to the nuclear localization signal motifs of BRCA1. In this study, we investigated the role of BRAP in gastric cancer. The cancer genome atlas(TCGA) data were obtained from UALCAN. We downregulated and upregulated the level of BRAP in gastric cancer cells by transfection with shRNAs and plasmids. Then, we evaluated the expression of BRAP by qRT-PCR and investigated the expression of important proteins by Western blot analysis. We conducted a microarray analysis to identify the function of BRAP in gastric cancer cells. Then, we investigated the effect of BRAP on proliferation and migration by CCK-8 assays, colony formation assays, wound healing assays and an extreme limiting dilution analysis. The analysis of TCGA data showed that BRAP was significantly overexpressed in gastric cancer tissues compared to that in normal gastric mucosal tissues (P < 0.001). A hybridization-based microarray assay was used to analyze MGC-803 cells and BRAP-downregulated MGC-803 cells. We found 22,199 protein-coding RNAs that were differentially expressed. The genes in the two groups were analyzed with the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) database, and both the focal adhesion and MAPK pathways were significantly enriched. The results of Cell Counting Kit-8(CCK-8) assays, colony formation assays, wound healing assays and the extreme limiting dilution analysis showed that the knockdown of BRAP reduced gastric cancer cell proliferation and migration and inhibited the process of epithelial-mesenehymal transition (EMT). The overexpression of BRAP induced gastric cancer cell proliferation, migration and the process of EMT. To verify the function of the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathway, we performed a Western blot analysis. The results showed that the downregulation of BRAP decreased the levels of p-ERK and p-Raf1, thereby decreasing the activity of the MAPK signaling pathway. The use of Honokiol increased the levels of p-ERK and p-Raf1, rescuing the function of BRAP downregulation in the MAPK pathway. Xenograft tumor transplantation experiments in nude mice further confirmed the role of BRAP in gastric cancer progression and metastasis.     

NOTCH3 promotes docetaxel resistance of prostate cancer cells through regulating TUBB3 and MAPK signaling pathway

Docetaxel is the preferred chemotherapeutic agent in patients with castrate-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC). However, patients eventually develop docetaxel resistance and in the absence of effective treatment options. Consequently, it is essential to investigate the mechanisms generating docetaxel resistance and develop novel alternative therapeutic targets. RNA sequencing was undertaken on docetaxel-sensitive and docetaxel-resistant prostate cancer (PCa) cells. Subsequently, chemoresistance, cancer stemness, and lipid metabolism were investigated. To obtain insight into the precise activities and action mechanisms of NOTCH3 in docetaxel-resistant PCa, immunoprecipitation, mass spectrometry, ChIP, luciferase reporter assay, cell metabolism, and animal experiments were performed. Through RNA sequencing analysis, we found that NOTCH3 expression was markedly higher in docetaxel-resistant cells relative to parental cells, and that this trend was continued in docetaxel-resistant PCa tissues. Experiments in vitro and in vivo revealed that NOTCH3 enhanced stemness, lipid metabolism, and docetaxel resistance in PCa. Mechanistically, NOTCH3 is bound to TUBB3 and activates the MAPK signaling pathway. Moreover, NOTCH3 was directly regulated by MEF2A in docetaxel-resistant cells. Notably, targeting NOTCH3 and the MEF2A/TUBB3 signaling axis was related to docetaxel chemoresistance in PCa. Overall, these results demonstrated that NOTCH3 fostered stemness, lipid metabolism, and docetaxel resistance in PCa via the TUBB3 and MAPK signaling pathways. Therefore, NOTCH3 may be employed as a prognostic biomarker in PCa patients. NOTCH3 could be a therapeutic target for PCa patients, particularly those who have developed docetaxel resistance.