肉苁蓉寄主梭梭害虫草地螟的发生与防治

危害肉苁蓉寄主植物梭梭的草地螟发生、危害及田间药效试验调查结果显示,草地螟为爆发性害虫,一些低毒杀虫剂均有较好防效,田间宜采用无公害综合防治措施。     

Terminalia arjuna,an ayurvedic cardiotonic,increases contractile force of rat isolated atria

The direct effects of aqueous, ethanolic, chloroform and petroleum ether extracts of Terminalia arjuna (family: Combretaceae) bark, an ayurvedic remedy for cardiovascular disorders, were studied on isolated atria of rats. The aqueous extract produced a substantial positive inotropic effect (EC₅₀ = 0.25 mg/mL) but no change in the rate. The ethanol, chloroform and petroleum ether extracts all decreased the rate of contraction. A slight increase in force was seen with ethanol and chloroform extracts. Higher concentrations of the chloroform extract had a negative inotropic effect. The ethanol extract decreased the maximum following frequency of the left atria. It is concluded that Terminalia arjuna has a significant positive inotropic property on rat atria in vitro which could contribute to its efficacy in treating cardiovascular disorders.     

Inhibition of respiratory burst in human neutrophils and lipoxygenase enzyme by compounds from Haloxylon griffithii

Secondary metabolites, ferulic acid (1), 2,6-dimethoxy-4-hydroxy acetophenone (2), herniarin (3), p-hydroxy acetophenone (4), methyl 3,4-dihydroxycinnamate (5), and methyl 4-hydroxy-3-methoxycinnamate (6) were isolated from Haloxylon griffithii, a member of the family Chenopodiaceae. The structures of compounds 1-6 were identified with the help of spectroscopic techniques. These compounds were isolated for the first time from this plant. The lipoxygenase and respiratory burst inhibitory activities were determined. Compound 5 was found to be the most potent inhibitory activity against respiratory burst in human neutrophils among all the compounds as well as exhibited moderate lipoxygenase inhibitory activity from this plant.     

Cardiovascular effects of the aqueous extract of Moringa pterygosperma

The aqueous extract of stem bark of Moriga pterygosperma (Family Moraingaceae) was investigated for its effect on various pharmacological parameters. In cardiovascular profile at lower concentrations (1–10 ng) it produced a dose dependent positive inotropic effect (n = 3, 1.29 ± 0.021 for 10 ng) and at higher concentrations (0.1–1 μg) a dose dependent negative inotropic effect (n = 3, 0.53 ± 0.033 for 1 μg) on the isolated frog heart. It also produced a dose dependent hypotensive effect on dog blood pressure (n = 3, 82 ± 0.98 for 20 mg/kg). It failed to elicit any effect on isolated guinea-pig ileum, rat stomach fundus or frog rectus abdominis muscle.     

肉苁蓉寄生对梭梭N、P、K积累和分配的影响

 目的 明确肉苁蓉的寄生对梭梭N、P、K积累及分配的影响。方法 采用凯氏定氮法和电感耦合等离子体原子发射光谱法。结果 肉苁蓉寄生后,梭梭的N、P、K累积量分别降低1.83%,45.92%和31.75%;梭梭9.14%的氮素、64.04%的磷素和14.19的钾素分配到肉苁蓉。结论 肉苁蓉寄生会改变N、P、K在梭梭体内的累积和分配。     

附子炮制前后有效部位强心作用的实验研究

目的:研究附子炮制前后有效部位的强心作用.方法:采取离体蛙心灌流的方法检验附子炮制前后有效部位强心作用,并初步考察有效部位的量效关系;采用股静脉注射戊巴比妥钠对大鼠造成急性心力衰竭,观察附子炮制前后有效部位经十二指肠给药对大鼠血流动力学影响,进一步阐明其强心作用.结果:附子炮制前后有效部位对离体蛙心有增大振幅作用(P＜0.05),最大增幅91.11%±87.66%(P＜0.01),对振动频率无显著作用;对在体大鼠血流动力学指标左室内压(LVSP),左室最大上升速率+dp/dt_(max),左室最大下降速率-dp/dt_(max),左室舒张末期压(LVEDP)有显著性差异(P＜0.01,P＜0.001),各给药组心衰大鼠心率变化无显著性差异.结论:附子炮制前后有效部位在离体蟾蜍与在体大鼠上均有强心作用.     

参芪强心汤治疗冠心病心力衰竭50例临床观察

目的:观察参芪强心汤治疗冠心病心力衰竭的临床疗效.方法:将100例中医辨证为气阴两虚、血瘀水停证的轻中度冠心病心力衰竭患者随机分为对照组和治疗组各50例,对照组采用西医常规治疗,治疗组在对照组治疗基础上加服参芪强心汤.两组均治疗6个月为1疗程,疗程结束后观察两组疗效.结果:两组患者治疗后心功能疗效、Lee氏心力衰竭计分疗效和中医证候疗效总有效率、左室射血分数(LVEF)、舒张早期/舒张晚期最大血流速度(E/A)比值、6min步行试验(6MWT)和血浆氨基末端脑钠肽前体(NT-ProBNP)水平比较,治疗组均优于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05);两组患者治疗前后安全性指标无改变.结论:参芪强心汤联合常规西药治疗冠心病心力衰竭效果优于单纯西药治疗.     

Antiinflammatory actions of Euphorbia splendens extract

Petroleum ether extract of the aerial parts of plant Euphorbia splendens (PEE) was screened for antiinflammatory activity using carrageenan induced oedema test in rats and mice as an acute and adjuvant arthritis as chronic models. Oral administration of PEE caused significant inhibition of oedema in these tests and produced inhibition of leucocyte migration and exudate volume in the affected tissues. The oral LD₅₀ in both rats and mice was approximately 1250 mg/kg. © 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Parasitic relationship of Cistanche deserticola and host-plant Haloxylon ammodendron based on genetic variation of host

ObjectiveCistanche deserticola is a famous and endangered medicinal plant that is parasitic upon Haloxylon ammodendron with rather low parasitic rates. It is important to find high affinity germplasms for increasing the survival of C. deserticola. However, little is known in genetic variation and high affinity populations of H. ammodendron in China.MethodsIn this study, 98 accessions of H. ammodendron seeds were collected from five regions covering almost the entire natural distribution of H. ammodendron in China. Their genetic variations were analyzed using AFLP and ITS by the maximum parsimony method, and a dendrogram was constructed using the unweighted pair-group method with arithmetic average (UPGMA). The parasitic rates of C. deserticola on different accessions of H. ammodendron were calculated in the field experiment.ResultsBoth AFLP and ITS methods consistently revealed that there was a high level of genetic diversity in the natural populations of H. ammodendron. Hierarchical population structure analysis uncovered a clear pattern that all populations were grouped into three main clusters, and eight populations from eastern region were genetically clustered together. These regions were significantly differentiated (P < 0.05), 13.10% of variation occurred among populations, and 86.90% within populations was revealed by analysis of molecular variance (AMOVA). The populations of Inner Mongolia had the highest parasitic rates followed by Ganjiahu Reserve and Yongning Plantation for the top three, which were not completely related to the genetic variation.ConclusionGenetic characteristics of H. ammodendron in China were clarified and the order of affinity of different populations was given, which were primers for discovering high affinity germplasms.     

Anti-inflammatory and related actions of Syzygium cuminii seed extract

The chloroform fraction of Syzygium cuminii seeds was found to cause significant inhibition of carrageenin, kaolin and other mediator-induced oedema. The extract inhibited exudation of protein, leakage of dye in peritoneal inflammation and migration of leucocytes. The extract also caused inhibition of grannloma formation, experimental arthritis and also turpentine-induced joint oedema. Significant anti-pyretic action of the extract was also observed against yeast-induced pyrexia. These observations established the anti-inflammatory effect of S. cuminii seed extract in exudative, proliferative and chronic stages of inflammation along with an anti-pyretic action.     

水蛭免加热提取物抗凝血作用及其机制研究

目的 :观察水蛭免加热提取物对动物凝血系统、凝血因子活性及纤溶系统的影响 ,并与水蛭煎煮浓缩物进行比较。方法 :动物灌胃给药 ,凝固法测大鼠 PT、APTT,PT法测血浆凝血因子 、 、 、 的活性 ,APTT法测因子 的活性 ,测 EL T观察药物对家兔纤溶活性的影响。结果 :水蛭免加热提取物能延长大鼠 PT、APTT,抑制凝血因子 、 、 的活性 ,对凝血因子 和 活性无明显影响 ;对兔血 EL T无明显影响 ,在延长大鼠 PT、降低大鼠凝血因子 、 活性等方面优于传统的煎煮提取物。结论 :水蛭免加热提取物通过抑制凝血因子 、 、 活性而抑制内、外源性凝血途径 ,对大鼠 PT、凝血因子 、 活性的影响优于传统的煎煮提取物     

Antioedema and analgesic actions of Diodia scandens extract in rats and mice

An extract of Diodia scandens obtained by petroleum ether extraction of the leaves was screened for pharmacological actions. The extract evinced a marked antiinflammatory effect in rats, causing a dose-related and sustained inhibition of the increase in rat paw circumference caused by subplantar injection of a phlogistic agent. In addition, the extract increased the threshold of pain stimulus in mice. The extract significantly protected rats from aspirin, indomethacin and reserpine induced ulcers. These results revealed that the plant, Diodia scandens has potential medicinal value.     

基于茜素红S-苯硼酸光化学比色传感器的附子配方颗粒强心活性评价方法的建立

目的 基于附子强心组分去甲乌药碱、去甲猪毛菜碱和棍掌碱共有的肾上腺素类似结构,构建了以邻二酚羟基基团与茜素红S-苯硼酸体系置换反应为核心的光化学比色传感器,用于整体评价附子配方颗粒的强心作用.方法 以传感器的响应强度为评价指标,对超声提取时间、料液比、提取液浓度和乙二胺四乙酸二钠(EDTA-2Na)浓度等供试品的制备条...     

Antinociceptive and gastroprotective actions of ethanolic extract from Pluchea sagittalis (Lam.) Cabrera

Ethnopharmacological relevance

Pluchea sagittalis, an herbaceous plant widely distributed in South America, is used in folk medicine for the treatment of digestive diseases and inflammation.

Aim of the study

This study was designed to investigate the antinociceptive and gastroprotective effects of the ethanolic extract (EE) of aerial parts from Pluchea sagittalis in rodents.

Materials and methods

The antinociceptive effects of EE was evaluated in mice after oral administration in chemical tests (acetic-acid, glutamate and formalin) or by biting behavior following intrathecal administration of cytokines such as interleukin-1beta (IL-1β) and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) in mice. Furthermore, rats were treated with EE and subsequently exposed to acute gastric lesions induced by 80% ethanol. Afterwards the gastric lesion extension and the mucus levels of gastric mucosa were measured.

Results

The oral administration of EE showed a dose-dependent inhibition of acetic acid-induced abdominal constrictions and glutamate-induced pain in mice, with ID₅₀ values of 624.0 (523.0-746.0) mg/kg and 368.0 (216.0-628.0) mg/kg, respectively. In the formalin test, the EE also produced significant inhibition of the inflammatory phase, with an ID₅₀ value of 411.0 (183.0-721.0) mg/kg; however, it was ineffective in the neurogenic phase caused by formalin. In addition, oral treatment with EE caused a significant inhibition of biting behavior induced by i.t. injection of interleukin-1β (IL-1β) and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α). The antinociception caused by the EE (300 mg/kg, p.o.) was not reversed by naloxone (1 mg/kg, i.p.) when assessed in the acetic acid writhing test. The EE (300-1000 mg/kg, p.o.) did not affect the motor coordination of animals in an open-field model. Oral treatment with the EE protected rats against gastric lesions induced by ethanol, with an ID₅₀ value of 55.0 (46.6-64.9) mg/kg, and increased the mucus levels of gastric mucosa to levels found in the non-lesioned group.

Conclusions

The mechanism by which the extract produced antinociception still remains unclear, but this effect seems to be primarily related to the modulation or inhibition of the action of pro-inflammatory mediators. Furthermore, these data support, at least in part, the ethnomedical use of Pluchea sagittalis.     

Inhibitory actions of Ganoderma lucidum spore extract on delayed-type hypersensitivity in mice

The effect of Ganoderma lucidum spore extract (GLSE) on murine delayed-type hypersensitivity (DTH) induced by sheep red blood cells (SRBC), 2,4-dinitrochlorobenzene, and allotypic splenocytes was studied. It was found to inhibit the DTH reaction significantly. It is concluded that GLSE may inhibit cell-mediated immunity in mice.     

Pharmacological actions of "kyushin," a drug containing toad venom: cardiotonic and arrhythmogenic effects, and excitatory effect on respiration.

The cardiotonic and arrhythmogenic effects, and the excitatory effect on respiration of "Kyushin," a drug containing toad venom, were studied in comparison with those of digoxin. In anesthetized rabbits, the maximum rate of rise of left ventricular systolic pressure (max dP/dt) was measured as an index of cardiotonic effect, and the respiratory flow was measured as an index of respiratory function. Intraduodenal (i.d.) administration of 80 mg/kg "Kyushin" produced a cardiotonic effect and an excitatory effect on respiration, but i.d. administration of 16 mg/kg digoxin produced only a cardiotonic effect, and conversely inhibited respiration. In anesthetized open-chest guinea pigs, myocardial contractile force was measured as an index of cardiotonic effect and the arrhythmogenic effect was evaluated from the appearance of arrhythmic myocardial contraction. By i.d. administration of a 20% ethanol suspension or solution, "Kyushin" and digoxin showed a cardiotonic activity with doses higher than 40 mg/kg and 0.25 mg/kg, respectively. The arrhythmogenic doses of "Kyushin" and digoxin by i.d. administration were 2560 mg/kg and 2 mg/kg, respectively, suggesting that the safety margin of "Kyushin" is broader than that of digoxin.     

煎煮工艺对四逆注射液强心和升压作用的影响

四逆汤是档汉张仲景所创造的著名急救要方。本实验观察了３味药同煎;３种药单煎后合并等不同提取工艺所制备的５种注射液在强心和升压方面的差异。应用ＳＡＳ进行统计处理,结果表明干姜附子同煎加甘草单煎所制备的注射液强心作用甚弱,与生理盐水组相比没有显著性差别,甘草附子同煎加干姜单煎制备成的注射液其强心和升压作用最强。     

The petroleum ether extract of Nigella sativa exerts lipid-lowering and insulin-sensitizing actions in the rat

We studied the effect of a 4-week intragastric gavage with a petroleum ether extract of Nigella sativa seeds on blood glucose, insulin and lipids in the normal rat. Petroleum ether extract caused a 25% reduction in food intake that translated into a transient weight loss. No sign of toxicity of the plant could be seen in vivo or in vitro. Fasting plasma glucose remained stable throughout Nigella sativa treatment. At the end of the 4-week treatment, Nigella sativa-treated rats had lower fasting plasma levels of insulin and triglycerides, and higher HDL-cholesterol as compared to pair-fed controls. Response to insulin was evaluated in hepatocytes isolated from animals of all groups by Western blot analysis of phosphorylated MAPK p44/42erk and PKB. In vivo Nigella sativa treatment resulted in greater dose-dependent activation of MAPK and PKB in response to insulin. These results suggest that the petroleum ether extract of Nigella sativa has a slight anorexic effect, and that it contains the hypolipidemic activity previously obtained with the plant. More significantly, our data demonstrate that in vivo treatment with the petroleum ether extract exerts an insulin-sensitizing action by enhancing the activity of the two major intracellular signal transduction pathways of the hormone's receptor.     

复方丹参滴丸一次性预给药对缺血再灌注后大鼠心脏血流量和心肌损伤的改善作用

目的:探讨复方丹参滴丸一次性预给药对缺血再灌注后大鼠心脏血流量和心肌损伤的改善作用.方法:SD雄性大鼠(230g±10g)麻醉后,用3/0缝合线结扎大鼠冠状动脉左前降支,30min后解除结扎,建立心肌缺血再灌注模型.用激光多普勒血流量仪测定缺血前和再灌注60min时心脏表面的血流量.在再灌注90min后,用氯化2,3,5-三苯基四氮唑(TTC)染色法测定心肌梗塞面积;用原位凋亡细胞(TUNEL)染色法和激光共聚焦显微镜检测心肌细胞的凋亡.一部分大鼠在手术前90min,一次性灌胃给予复方丹参滴丸(0.8g/kg).结果:缺血再灌注后大鼠心脏血流量显著降低,心肌梗死面积和心肌细胞凋亡显著增加.复方丹参滴丸一次性预给药可以显著地抑制大鼠心脏血流量的降低,减少心肌梗死面积,抑制心肌细胞的凋亡.结论:复方丹参滴丸一次性预给药可以预防缺血再灌注引起的大鼠心脏血流量的降低,减少心肌细胞的损伤.     

Prokinetic and laxative activities of Lepidium sativum seed extract with species and tissue selective gut stimulatory actions

Aim of the study

To provide ethnopharmacological basis for the medicinal use of Lepidium sativum seeds in indigestion and constipation.

Materials and methods

The in vivo studies were conducted in mice, while isolated tissues of mouse, guinea-pig and rabbit were suspended in tissue bath to measure isotonic contractions.

Results

The aqueous-methanolic extract of Lepidium sativum seeds (Ls.Cr) at 30 and 100 mg/kg showed atropine-sensitive prokinetic and laxative activities in mice, which were partially sensitive to atropine. In isolated gut preparations of mouse and guinea-pig, Ls.Cr (0.1-1 mg/mL) caused a concentration-dependent stimulatory effects both in jejunum and ileum, which was blocked in the presence of atropine. In rabbit jejunum, the stimulant effect of Ls.Cr remained unchanged in the presence of atropine, pyrilamine or SB203186, while in rabbit ileum, the stimulatory effect was partially blocked by atropine. The Ls.Cr was more efficacious in gut preparations of rabbit than in guinea-pig or mouse. The phytochemical analysis of the plant extract detected alkaloids, saponins and anthraquinones as plant constituents.

Conclusion

This study showed the prokinetic and laxative effects of Lepidium sativum in mice, which were partially mediated through a cholinergic pathway. The in vitro spasmodic effect of the plant extract mediated through a similar mechanism with species and tissue-selectivity, provides a rationale for the medicinal use of the seeds of Lepidium sativum in indigestion and constipation, and suggests studying the plant extracts on more than one species to get the wider picture.