Vaginal calculi secondary to urethrovaginal fistula with vaginal stenosis in a 14-year-old girl

The author reports a case of vaginal calculi secondary to urethrovaginal fistula with vaginal stenosis in a 14-year-old girl. The initial urethrovaginal fistula and vaginal stenosis resulted from pelvic trauma after a traffic accident, with subsequent surgical urethral realignment and anterior colporrhaphy without success. The patient had continuous urinary incontinence for a duration of 11 years after surgery, and was finally diagnosed with urethrovaginal fistula with primary multiple vaginal calculi in our hospital. Surgeries were performed to remove the stones and repair the urethrovaginal fistula. Colpoplasty was also given by an obstetrician–gynecologist to solve the vaginal stenosis. After the procedure, the girl urinated normally. At her 3-month follow-up, the patient had no sign of urine leakage.     

改良的阴道紧缩术治疗阴道松弛临床观察

目的探讨更安全有效的治疗阴道松弛的阴道紧缩手术方法。方法对132例因阴道松弛导致性生活质量下降,要求行阴道紧缩手术的患者进行改良的阴道缩紧术。手术对松弛的阴道前壁和后壁的肌肉及筋膜进行切实有效修复,同时修复会阴裂伤。对合并张力性尿失禁的患者,根据尿道中断吊床学说理论,在修复前壁时于尿道中段加强缝合肌肉筋膜1针;对合并便秘患者,在后壁修复时加强缝合肛提肌3针;前后壁修复时最大限度保护阴道黏膜。结果术后2～7年,随访118例对术后改善性生活满意度、张力性尿失禁、便秘及阴道排气4项内容进行问卷调查,收到满意的临床效果。结论手术方法设计专业,疗效确切,患者满意度高,适合有经验的专科医师采用。     

骨盆骨折合并阴道损伤

报道11例女性骨盆骨折合并阴道损伤,6例痊愈,2例好转,3例死亡。其致伤机理多与会阴部骑跨伤时骨折暴力传导至阴道,使阴道上下受累而致伤有关。骨盆骨折合并阴道损伤早期可因阴道出血不明显而漏诊,晚期可遗留阴道粘连、狭窄和性生活障碍等并发症。作者认为对女性不稳定性骨盆骨折应常规做泌尿生殖道检查。早期妥善处理可有效减少并发症。     

Transverse retubularized ileal vaginoplasty: a new application of the Monti principle--preliminary report

OBJECTIVE: The surgical management of the absence of the vagina is a complex problem and constitutes a significant technical challenge. Herein we present our successful experience with vaginal reconstruction by the use of a modified ileal segment according to the Monti principle. METHODS: Six patients aged from 23 to 41 years (mean 33 years) were referred to our institution for vaginal stenosis. In our series, ileum has been used to create the neovagina: the isolated segment has been longitudinally detubularized and transversally retubularized in order to configure the roof of the neovagina. RESULTS: The mean operating time was 220 min. No intra-operative complication occurred. The mean follow-up of this series was 16 months. At the latest follow-up, all patients had patent moist neovaginas, but excessive vaginal mucous was not a problem in any patient in our series. CONCLUSIONS: Neovaginal creation using isolated ileal segments according to the Monti channel principle provide excellent tissue for vaginal replacement, providing excellent patient satisfaction and relatively low morbidity. Cosmetic, functional and anatomical results were encouraging. In our opinion our technique may be indicated for all cases of vaginal absence: congenital abnormalities in the pediatric population, vaginal stenosis after treatment of pelvic tumors, severe vaginal scarring secondary to chronic inflammatory disease or in case of secondary correction after failure gender surgery.     

Vaginal delivery following vaginal inlay grafting

We report the case of a 30-year-old woman with acquired vaginal stenosis secondary to relapsing vaginitis, who became pregnant after partial split-thickness skin graft vaginoplasty. She had a normal pregnancy except for two episodes of vaginitis caused byH. influenzae, which is an uncommon infection during pregnancy, and a normal vaginal delivery. To our knowledge there is only one additional report of vaginal delivery following this kind of surgery. Nevertheless, these isolated cases probably do not demonstrate the suitability of a totally reconstructed vagina by split skin serving as a potentially expansile conduit for normal delivery.     

Long-term anatomical and functional assessment of trans-vaginal cystocele repair using a tension-free polypropylene mesh

We report a case series of 63 women with cystocele who underwent the same trans-vaginal procedure between October 1999 and October 2002. The polypropylene mesh (GyneMesh, Gynecare, Ethicon, France) was placed from the retropubic space to the inferior part of the bladder in a tension-free fashion. Patients were followed up for 24 to 60 months, with a mean follow-up of 37 months. Fifty-five patients returned for follow-up (87.3%). At follow-up, 49 women were anatomically cured (89.1%), five women had stage 2 anterior vaginal wall prolapse (9.1%), and one had a recurrent stage 3 (1.8%). Functional results and sexual function were also investigated. Fifty-three women had significant improvement in their quality of life (96.4%). There were a total of three cases of local pain around a mesh shrinkage (5.5%) and five vaginal erosions of the mesh (9.1%). Four out of 24 patients had dyspareunia (16.7%). In conclusion, the vaginal repair of anterior vaginal wall prolapse reinforced with a polypropylene mesh was efficient at 2 to 5 years follow-up. However, the first generation of polypropylene mesh we used was responsible for high rates of local complications and dyspareunia. Therefore, the polypropylene mesh has to be improved (lower weight) and the technique has to be documented by a randomized controlled trial before we could recommend its use in clinical practice.     

Use of synthetic mesh to prevent recurrent vaginal evisceration: a case report

Vaginal evisceration of the bowel is a rare and life-threatening complication of gynecologic surgery; recurrence is even more rare. Most cases in the literature discuss primary closure of the dehisced vaginal cuff with delayed absorbable sutures via a vaginal, abdominal, or laparoscopic approach. The case presented here is of a patient who had a history of recurrent vaginal evisceration treated with an abdominal sacrocolpopexy utilizing synthetic mesh. Further recurrence, to date, has been prevented.     

A 2-year anatomical and functional assessment of transvaginal rectocele repair using a polypropylene mesh

This study reports the 2-year results of an original technique for rectocele repair by the vaginal route, using a combined sacrospinous suspension and a polypropylene mesh. Twenty-six women were successively operated between October 2000 and February 2003. Mean age was 63.7 years [range 35–92]. 19 women had had previous pelvic surgery for prolapse and/or urinary incontinence (73.1%), but none had had a previous rectocele repair. Patients underwent physical examination staging of prolapse in the international pelvic organ prolapse staging system. Eleven women had stage 2 posterior vaginal wall prolapse (42.3%), seven had stage 3 (26.9%) and eight had stage 4 (30.8%). The procedure included a bilateral sacrospinous suspension and a polypropylene mesh (GyneMesh, Gynecare, Ethicon France) attached from the sacrospinous ligaments to the perineal body. We did not perform any associated posterior fascial repair, nor myorraphy. Patients were followed up for 10–44 months, with a median follow-up (±SD) of 22.7±9.2 months. Functional results and sexual function were evaluated using the PFDI, the PFIQ and the PISQ-12 self-questionnaires. Twenty-five women returned for follow-up (96.2%). At follow-up, 24 women were cured (92.3%) and one had asymptomatic stage 2 rectocele. All the patients but one had symptoms and impact on quality of life improved. No postoperative infection of the mesh or rectovaginal fistula was found, but there were three vaginal erosions (12%) and one out of 13 had de novo dyspareunia (7.7%).     

腹腔镜手术治疗宫颈癌复发一例

目的通过1例宫颈癌术后并放化疗后阴道复发患者的个体化治疗,探讨此类患者的手术方案及手术难点。方法选取中国医学科学院肿瘤医院深圳医院1例宫颈癌手术并放化疗后阴道复发病例,复习文献并通过多学科诊疗制定个体化治疗方案,探讨该手术难点及处理对策。结果手术顺利完成,术中出血少,术后恢复顺利,无并发症。术后随访7个月,患者恢复良好,生活质量高。结论对于宫颈癌手术并放化疗后阴道复发患者,通过仔细甄选合适患者,选择全阴道切除术是可行的,其可以有效切除病灶,延长患者生存期,改善生活质量,使患者最大限度地获益。但此类患者的手术治疗需要手术医师具备更高的手术技术及心理素质,同时需远期随访及进一步研究来评估其手术治疗的安全性及有效性。     

Small bowel trans-vaginal evisceration following vault biopsy: general surgeons beware!

A case-report of vaginal evisceration following vault biopsy is described. This case highlights the importance of good surgical technique when performing a vaginal biopsy in order to avoid this rare, but life-threatening, complication. General surgeons may well be faced with this acute presentation and prompt management is vital in order to preserve the involved small bowel.     

Two cases of post-coital vaginal cuff dehiscence with small bowel evisceration after robotic-assisted laparoscopic hysterectomy

INTRODUCTIONVaginal cuff dehiscence following robotic surgery is uncommon. Published reports of vaginal cuff dehiscence following robotic surgery are increasing, but the true incidence is unknown.PRESENTATION OF CASECase 1. A 45 year old female had sexual intercourse and presented with a vaginal cuff dehiscence complicated by small bowel evisceration 4 months after RA-TLH. Case 2. A 44 year old female had sexual intercourse and presented with a vaginal cuff dehiscence with small bowel evisceration 6 weeks after RA-TLH.DISCUSSIONWe discuss the rate of vaginal cuff dehiscence by mode of hysterectomy, surgical and non-surgical risk factors that may contribute to vaginal cuff dehiscence, and proposed preventative methods at the time of RA-TLH to reduce this complication.CONCLUSIONVaginal cuff dehiscence with associated evisceration of intraabdominal contents is a potentially severe complication of hysterectomy. We recommend counseling patients who undergo RA-TLH to abstain from vaginal intercourse for a minimum of 8–12 weeks.     

Primary vaginal calculus secondary to urethrovaginal fistula with imperforate hymen in a 6-year-old girl

Primary vaginal stones are extremely rare in children and may be mistaken for bladder calculi on plain radiography. We present a case of a large vaginal calculus in a 6-year-old girl who had an imperforate hymen and urethrovaginal fistula. Hymenotomy and urethrovaginal fistula repair were performed, and the vaginal stone was extracted. It was postulated that the vaginal calculus originated from stasis of urine through the urethrovaginal fistula in the obstructed vagina. This is a unique case of a vaginal calculus with a congenital urethrovaginal fistula associated with an imperforate hymen.     

腹腔镜全子宫切除术后阴道残端的处理体会

目的:探讨腹腔镜全子宫切除术后阴道残端的处理方法。方法:随机将2009年5月至2012年2月267例腹腔镜全子宫切除术患者分为两组,对照组(n=132)经阴道行连续锁边缝合;研究组(n=135)经腹腔行连续锁边缝合,比较两组患者术中阴道流血量、阴道残端处理时间、术后阴道流血量及阴道流血时间、住院时间、术后并发症及随访情况。结果:两组术中、术后阴道流血量及流血时间、术后并发症、术后3个月内阴道排液量差异有统计学意义(P<0.01),而处理时间、住院时间差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论:两种方法均适用于腹腔镜全子宫切除术,但经腹腔行连续锁边缝合具有术中、术后阴道流血量少、时间短、术后并发症少等优点,更利于妇科微创手术的临床推广。     

Vaginal vault suspension and enterocele repair by Richardson-Saye laparoscopic technique: description of training technique and results.

OBJECTIVES: To describe the Richardson-Saye technique for laparoscopic vaginal vault suspension and enterocele repair (vaginal apex reconstruction) and the appropriate training needed for performance of this technique. METHODS: Before using this technique, Drs Carter, Winter, and Mendelsohn first received training by observation of skilled surgeons performing the procedure, attending courses, and finally being tutored and proctored by Dr Saye on the appropriate performance of the technique. They then used this technique to surgically treat eight patients, 42 to 85 years of age, mean age 62 years, between March and September of 1999. RESULTS: We included eight patients in this study who underwent the Saye-Richardson vaginal vault suspension and enterocele repair (apical vaginal vault reconstruction) by the suture technique. In all patients at six-month follow-up, the vaginal apex remains intact and well supported. We describe here the entire vaginal vault suspension and enterocele repair procedure with all its relevant details. CONCLUSION: Laparoscopic reconstruction of the disrupted vaginal apex followed by reattachment to the previously broken uterosacral ligament with the use of permanent suture provides a secure and anatomically correct vault suspension. Before performing this technique, physicians should undergo proper training, including observation, courses, tutoring, and proctorship by a surgeon experienced in performing this technique.     

球海绵体肌瓣重叠法阴道缩窄术治疗产后阴道松弛

目的：探讨一种有效的阴道缩窄整形术的方法。方法：经阴道口皮肤黏膜交界处切开．剥离阴道黏膜，分离出撕裂的球海绵体肌．形成肌瓣。将肌瓣折叠缝合，然后纵行缝合阴道黏膜，并形成阴道黏膜隆突。结果：本组11例患者均采用球海绵体肌重叠缝合法行阴道缩窄术，9例患者术后随访3个月至2年，夫妻性生活的质量均有明显提高，效果满意。结论：经此手术后可以矫正阴道松弛，提高患者性生活质量，效果确切。     

腹腔镜小儿阑尾切除术联合鞘状突未闭高位结扎术

目的总结腹腔镜小儿阑尾切除术联合鞘状突未闭高位结扎术的临床经验。方法三孔法腹腔镜阑尾切除术中常规探查双侧腹股沟区,对鞘状突未闭（单侧69例,双侧17例）同时行鞘状突未闭高位结扎术。结果83例行腹腔镜阑尾切除术联合鞘状突末闭高位结扎术,无术后并发症。83例随访6～12个月,平均10个月,仅1例腹股沟斜疝复发。3例隐性疝未处理（1例因开展腹腔镜初期缝合技术不成熟,2例因阑尾穿孔盆腔脓性液较多）。结论腹腔镜小儿阑尾切除术联合鞘状突未闭高位结扎术在一次麻醉下完成2种或多种病变的处理,避免多次手术的打击,降低手术成本,具有创伤小、痛苦轻、恢复快、美观的优点。     

先天性宫颈阴道闭锁初次手术治疗失败后的再处理：附5例报告

目的探讨先天性宫颈阴道闭锁初次手术失败的影响因素及再次手术的处理。方法对2006年5月。2012年2月5例先天性宫颈阴道闭锁外院初次手术失败均以术后周期性持续性腹痛转入我院。5例初次手术前均仅诊断为阴道闭锁行阴道成形术,术中发现合并宫颈闭锁而行宫颈阴道贯通术,分别于术后4年6个月、3个月、3年4个月、1年4个月、3年2个月（二次术后）来我院治疗。2例不完全闭锁在术前检查后出现严重盆腔感染,抗生素治疗无效先行急诊手术治疗。第1例行宫颈粘连松解修补术＋官腔镜检查＋宫颈修补术,第2例行部分宫颈切除＋宫颈闭锁分离成形＋自体皮瓣阴道成形术,第3例行腹腔镜子宫＋双侧输卵管切除术,第4、5例行开腹宫体切开宫颈造口术＋阴道成形术。4例术后经宫颈在官腔内留置F18～F20Foley’s尿管或剪短的蘑菇头尿管,术后分别放置2周（因阴道放置模具而取出）、6个月（因结婚而取出）、11个月、1年。结果5例术后随访0．5—5年,腹痛未再复发。结论对复杂的阴道闭锁初次手术前做影像学的充分评估,使用不脱落的宫颈管支架和适当的阴道成形是手术成功的关键。对不全闭锁首选影像学检查。     

双菱形缝线法阴道紧缩术

目的介绍一种即微创又有效的阴道紧缩手术。方法采用打孔器在会阴处打6个小孔,将2根双向倒齿线经小孔对盆底肌肉行双菱形法缝合,收紧盆底肌肉,缩小阴道口。结果本组20例患者手术时间为30~40 min,平均35 min。出血量较少,无瘢痕形成。获随访6个月,性生活满意度较术前有所提高。结论采用双菱形缝线法阴道紧缩术,设计科学,损伤小,不遗留瘢痕,且并发症较少,是改善阴道松弛及提高患者性生活质量的简单而有效的手术方法。     

Treatment of vaginal agenesis using a modified McIndoe technique: Long-term follow-up of 23 patients and a literature review

BACKGROUND:

Congenital vaginal agenesis is a rare malformation with an incidence of one in 4000 to 5000 female newborns. The purpose of vaginal agenesis treatment is not only to create an adequate passageway for penetration but also to facilitate satisfactory sexual intercourse.

OBJECTIVE:

To present the results of a modified McIndoe technique with respect to sexual function, vaginal length and complication rates in patients with vaginal agenesis.

METHODS:

Between 2002 and 2010, 23 patients with vaginal agenesis were admitted to the Gynecology Clinic of Istanbul University School of Medicine (Istanbul, Turkey) for vaginal reconstruction. All patients underwent a modified McIndoe procedure. The long-term results with a follow-up period ranging from 18 to 118 months are presented.

RESULTS:

The postoperative mean vaginal length was 8.4 cm (range 6 cm to 11 cm) in 19 patients who used the mould regularly. Among 14 patients who used the mould regularly and had partners, only one experienced severe pain during intercourse and 13 reported that they were engaging in satisfactory sexual activity with mild or no pain, and with good mucosal sensitivity. Conversely, two of three patients who used the mould irregularly experienced severe pain during intercourse and had a mean vaginal length of 6 cm (range 4 cm to 8 cm).

CONCLUSION:

The findings suggest that a modified McIndoe technique is a simple, effective procedure for the treatment of vaginal agenesis; however, proper mould use after surgery remains the cornerstone of the treatment.     

A case of laparoscopy-assisted vaginal cuff suturing for vaginal cuff dehiscence after total laparoscopic hysterectomy

IntroductionVaginal cuff dehiscence after hysterectomy is a rare complication and occurs in less than 1% of patients. It can present with serious complications, such as bowel evisceration and peritonitis.Presentation of caseA 51-year-old multigravida Korean woman underwent total laparoscopic hysterectomy for leiomyoma. Six months later, she reported lower abdominal pain and vaginal bleeding. Physical examination revealed rebound tenderness in the lower abdomen, and pelvic examination showed a small amount of vaginal bleeding with an evisceration of the small intestine through the vagina that exhibited healthy peristalsis. The eviscerated bowel, which seemed to be a part of the ileum, was carefully manually reduced transvaginally into the abdominal cavity. Laparoscopic observation revealed adhesions between the omentum, small intestine, and the peritoneum. Specifically, the small intestine was adhered around the vaginal cuff. An abdominal abscess was found in the left lower abdominal cavity. An adhesiotomy was performed and the abdominal abscess was removed and irrigated. Complete separation of the anterior and posterior vaginal cuff edges was obtained. The vaginal cuff was closed with interrupted 0-polydioxanone absorbable sutures without bowel injury. A 6-month follow-up examination revealed complete healing of the vaginal cuff.DiscussionIn this case, we were able to make use of both laparoscopic and transvaginal methods to perform a successful repair with a minimally invasive and safe technique.ConclusionLaparoscopically assisted vaginal cuff suturing for vaginal cuff dehiscence after total laparoscopic hysterectomy was found to be effective, safe, and minimally invasive.