Side-effects and patient acceptance of 0.2% versus 0.1% chlorhexidine used as post-operative prophylactic mouthwash

In a double-blind parallel group study including 30 patients, the side-effects and patient acceptance of chlorhexidine mouthwash 0.2% and 0.1% were studied. Side-effects such as loss of taste, burning sensation of the oral mucosa, subjective dryness of the oral cavity and discoloration of teeth and tongue were encountered. There was no statistically significant difference between the chlorhexidine groups with respect to the frequency of the reported side-effects. However, the taste of chlorhexidine 0.1% was significantly better accepted than chlorhexidine 0.2%. 4 patients discontinued the use of chlorhexidine 0.2% before the end of the trial. The quality of the experienced side-effects was stated by the patients as the reason for the discontinuation of chlorhexidine 0.2%. The present work concludes with the recommendation of chlorhexidine 0.1% compared to chlorhexidine 0.2% as a prophylactic mouthwash after oral surgical interventions.     

Efficacy of a mouthwash containing 0.8% arginine,PVM/MA copolymer,pyrophosphates, and 0.05% sodium fluoride compared to a commercial mouthwash containing 2.4% potassium nitrate and 0.022% sodium fluoride and a control mouthwash containing 0.05% sodium fluoride on dentine hypersensitivity: A six-week randomized clinical study

ObjectiveEvaluate the efficacy of 0.8% arginine, potassium nitrate and sodium fluoride mouthwashes on dentine hypersensitivity reduction.MethodsSix week randomized, double blinded, two cell, parallel single centre clinical study in the Dominican Republic; subjects were randomized into three treatment groups: mouthwash containing 0.8% arginine, PVM/MA copolymer, pyrophosphates, and 0.05% sodium fluoride in an alcohol-free base (arginine); mouthwash containing 2.4% potassium nitrate and 0.022% sodium fluoride (potassium nitrate); a control mouthwash containing 0.05% sodium fluoride (negative control). Tactile and air-blast dentine hypersensitivity assessments were conducted at baseline, thirty minutes post rinsing and two, four, and six weeks of twice-daily product use. For treatment group comparisons, ANCOVA and post hoc Tukey's pair-wise comparisons (α = 0.05) were done.ResultsSeventy-five subjects were enrolled; 69 subjects completed the study. There were no differences after thirty minutes of a single use, among the three groups with respect to mean tactile and air blast hypersensitivity scores compared to potassium nitrate and negative control mouthwashes (p < 0.05). The arginine group presented a statistically significant improvement in the mean tactile scores compared to potassium nitrate and negative control groups after two, four, and six weeks (p < 0.001) of product use; the arginine group showed a statistically significant enhancement in air blast hypersensitivity mean scores compared to potassium nitrate and negative control groups after two (p = 0.001), four (p < 0.001), and six weeks (p < 0.001) of product use.ConclusionA mouthwash containing arginine provides a significant and superior reduction in dentine hypersensitivity compared to potassium nitrate and a negative control mouthwash after two weeks.     

Inhibition of "de novo" plaque formation with 0.12% chlorhexidine spray compared to 0.2% spray and 0.2% chlorhexidine mouthwash

BACKGROUND: Chlorhexidine (CHX) is widely accepted as the most effective product in the control of supragingival plaque. It is available in different delivery devices. The aim of this study was to test whether 0.12% CHX spray was as effective as 0.2% CHX spray and 0.2% CHX mouthwash in a 3-day "de novo" plaque formation model. METHODS: Ninety volunteers were enrolled into a single-blind, randomized, three-group parallel study. They received a thorough dental prophylaxis prior to the test period. Subjects were divided randomly into three equal groups. They were requested to refrain from all forms of mechanical oral hygiene and instructed to use only their assigned product during the 3-day experimental period. After 3 days, the plaque growth was assessed using the Quigley and Hein plaque index (Q&H PI) at six sites per tooth. RESULTS: After 3 days, the CHX mouthwash group had a mean Q&H PI of 1.17 compared to 1.41 for the 0.2% CHX spray and 1.49 for the 0.12% CHX spray. The difference between the mouthwash and the two sprays was statistically significant, whereas the two sprays did not differ significantly from each other. CONCLUSIONS: Within the limitations of this 3-day "de novo" plaque formation study, the two sprays were not as effective as the mouthwash in plaque inhibition. No significant difference was found between the two sprays. To achieve the same effectiveness as a mouthwash, a higher dose (number of puffs) of CHX spray may be necessary.     

Efficacy of a mouthwash containing 0.8% arginine,PVM/MA copolymer,pyrophosphates, and 0.05% sodium fluoride compared to a negative control mouthwash on dentin hypersensitivity reduction. A randomized clinical trial

ObjectiveThe objective of this eight week, single-center, two-cell, double-blind, and randomized clinical study was to evaluate the dentin hypersensitivity reduction efficacy of a mouthwash using Pro-Argin? Mouthwash Technology containing 0.8% arginine, PVM/MA copolymer, pyrophosphates, and 0.05% sodium fluoride in an alcohol-free base (“Arginine Mouthwash”) compared to an ordinary mouthwash without any active ingredients (“Negative Control”).MethodsQualifying subjects who presented two hypersensitive teeth with a tactile hypersensitivity score between 10 and 50 g of force, and an air blast hypersensitivity score of 2 or 3 participated in this study and were randomized into one of two treatment groups. Subjects brushed with the toothbrush and fluoride toothpaste provided and then rinsed with 20 mL of their assigned mouthwash for 30 s twice daily. Subjects refrained from eating or drinking for 30 min after rinsing. Dentin hypersensitivity assessments, as well as examinations of oral hard and soft tissues, were conducted at the baseline visit and again after two weeks, four weeks and eight weeks of product use.ResultsNinety (90) subjects entered and completed the eight week study. After two weeks, four weeks and eight weeks of product use, subjects in the Arginine Mouthwash group exhibited statistically significant (p < 0.05) improvements in mean tactile and air blast hypersensitivity scores as compared to the Negative Control Mouthwash.ConclusionThe results of this study support the conclusion that the Arginine Mouthwash provides a significant reduction in dentin hypersensitivity after eight weeks of product use as compared to a Negative Control mouthwash.     

Efficacy of a 3% potassium nitrate desensitizing mouthwash in the treatment of dentinal hypersensitivity.

BACKGROUND: Potassium nitrate has been used previously in a dentifrice or gel to alleviate dentinal hypersensitivity. The aim of this study was to compare a 3% potassium nitrate/0.2% sodium fluoride mouthwash with a 0.2% sodium fluoride control mouthwash in a 6-week double-blind study. METHODS: Fifty subjects were evaluated using 2 tactile methods and cold air sensitivity (dental air syringe), along with subjective perception of pain (0 to 10 scale) at baseline and at 2 and 6 weeks. RESULTS: There was a general decrease in dentinal hypersensitivity levels in both groups over the 6-week study period as demonstrated by all 4 methods of assessment. There was also a statistically significant difference in decrease in sensitivity between the groups. CONCLUSIONS: This study showed that a 3% potassium nitrate/0.2% sodium fluoride mouthwash appears to have therapeutic potential to alleviate dentinal hypersensitivity.     

Effect of 0.1% pilocarpine mouthwash on xerostomia: double‐blind,randomised controlled trial

The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of 0.1% pilocarpine mouthwash in xerostomic patients. Sixty volunteers were randomly allocated to two groups. The experimental group used 0.1% pilocarpine solution, and the control group used 0.9% saline. The short‐ and long‐term effects of pilocarpine were investigated by measuring the severity of oral dryness, minor salivary flow rates and unstimulated whole salivary flow rate at predetermined times. The severity of oral dryness was decreased in both groups at 0, 30 and 60 min after mouthwashing, with no significant difference between the groups. Buccal and labial secretions were increased in both groups, but only the experimental group exhibited increased palatal secretion. Labial and palatal secretions, but not buccal secretion, differed between the groups. The unstimulated whole salivary flow rate was increased in the experimental group and differed from that in the control group. After 4 weeks, the severity of oral dryness was decreased in both groups and did not differ between them. The oral dryness at night or on awakening significantly decreased in both groups, with no significant difference between them, but the oral dryness at other times of the day and the difficulty in swallowing foods were not significantly changed in both groups. Minor salivary and unstimulated whole salivary flow rates did not increase in both groups. Until 1 h after mouthwashing, 0.1% pilocarpine mouthwash increased minor salivary and unstimulated whole salivary secretions, but was not superior compared with 0.9% saline at relieving subjective oral dryness.     

Mode of action studies of a new desensitizing mouthwash containing 0.8% arginine,PVM/MA copolymer,pyrophosphates, and 0.05% sodium fluoride

ObjectiveThe mode of action of an arginine mouthwash using the Pro-Argin? Mouthwash Technology, containing 0.8% arginine, PVM/MA copolymer, pyrophosphates and 0.05% sodium fluoride, has been proposed and confirmed as occlusion using a variety of in vitro techniques.MethodsQuantitative and qualitative laboratory techniques were employed to investigate the mode of action of the new arginine mouthwash. Confocal laser scanning microscopy (CSLM) and atomic force microscopy (AFM) investigated a hydrated layer on dentine surface. Electron spectroscopy for chemical analysis (ESCA), secondary ion mass spectroscopy (SIMS) and near-infrared spectroscopy (NIR) provided information about its chemical nature.ResultsCLSM was used to observe the formation of a hydrated layer on exposed dentine tubules upon application of the arginine mouthwash. Fluorescence studies confirmed penetration of the hydrated layer in the inner walls of the dentinal tubules. The AFM investigation confirmed the affinity of the arginine mouthwash for the dentine surface, supporting its adhesive nature. NIR showed the deposition of arginine after several mouthwash applications, and ESCA/SIMS detected the presence of phosphate groups and organic acid groups, indicating the deposition of copolymer and pyrophosphates along with arginine.ConclusionThe studies presented in this paper support occlusion of the dentine surface upon the deposition of an arginine-rich layer together with copolymer and phosphate ions from an alcohol-free mouthwash containing 0.8% arginine, PVM/MA copolymer, pyrophosphates and 0.05% sodium fluoride.     

Mucosal sensitivity to chlorhexidine mouthwash

Mucosal sensitivity to chlorhexidine mouthwash is a rare occurrence and very few cases have been reported in the literature. The authors report 2 cases of oral sensitivity to chlorhexidine and discuss the side-effects, possible causes of sensitivity and the management of the cases.     

Effectiveness of Veadent as a plaque-inhibiting mouthwash

The aim of this study was to compare the effect of the commercially available Veadent mouthwash and chlorhexidine on plaque formation. Plaque accumulating during two 5-day periods was recorded in a group of 10 students. During the experimental periods, the test subjects abstained from mechanical cleaning of the teeth, and chewed sucrose-containing chewing gum every 4th h in order to enhance plaque formation. They also rinsed with either chlorhexidine or Veadent twice a day according to the manufacturer's recommendations. Chlorhexidine mouthrinses resulted in significantly lower plaque scores than did Veadent in the present short-term model study.