白介素-10（IL-10）与乙肝易感性相关性研究

细胞因子在抗病毒免疫中发挥着重要的作用。细胞因子的基因多态性能影响个体间细胞因子水平上的差异，从而导致个体间对于乙肝病毒感染免疫应答的差异，影响个体对乙肝病毒的易感性。本文主要评述白介素-10基因多态性与乙肝病毒感染的关系     

乙型肝炎病毒基因分型与临床及TH1/TH2细胞因子相关性

目的 研究乙肝病毒感染者TH1/TH2细胞因子水平,比较慢乙肝患者HBV基因型与临床特征、TH1/TH2细胞因子免疫应答的相关性.方法 通过流式细胞技术检测102例乙肝病毒感染者及48例健康体检者IFN-γ及IL-4水平,并随机抽取50例慢乙肝患者采用实时荧光PCR法进行HBV基因分型.结果 乙肝病毒感染者IL-4水平较健康体检者明显升高（P＜0.001）;不同HBVDNA复制水平及HBeAg状态与TH1/TH2细胞因子无明显相关性（P＞0.05）;50例慢性乙型肝炎患者中基因B型34例（68%）,基因C型16例（32%）;HBV基因C型患者与基因B型患者相比,IL-4水平明显升高（P=0.018）,Th1/Th2比值降低,但差异无统计学意义（P=0.2262）.结论 TH1/TH2细胞因子水平差异对于解释HBV基因B型患者与基因C型患者临床转归差异可能提供了细胞免疫学依据.     

白细胞介素-6基因多态性与疾病的易感性

白细胞介素-6(interleukin-6,IL-6)作为一种多功能的炎症细胞因子,具有调节免疫应答、参与炎症反应、影响神经内分泌系统功能、活化破骨细胞等多种功能,参与了多种疾病的发生、发展。IL-6基因存在基因变异及基因多态性,这些基因多态性影响IL-6的转录和表达,造成个体间差异。IL-6基因还是多种临床疾病的相关基因,其基因多态性亦与这些临床疾病的易感性及发病机制相关。本文对IL-6的基因多态性与相关疾病的研究进展做一综述。     

白细胞介素-6基因多态性与疾病的易感性

白细胞介索-6（interleukin-6，IL-6）作为一种多功能的炎症细胞因子，具有调节免疫应答、参与炎症反应、影响神经内分泌系统功能、活化破骨细胞等多种功能，参与了多种疾病的发生、发展。IL-6基因存在基因变异及基因多态性，这些基因多态性影响IL-6的转录和表达，造成个体间差异。IL-6基因还是多种临床疾病的相关基因，其基因多态性亦与这些临床疾病的易感性及发病机制相关。本文对IL-6的基因多态性与相关疾病的研究进展做一综述。     

全身性感染与细胞因子基因多态性的相关性

机体在遭受细菌或毒素损害时,炎症细胞被激活,细胞因子过量释放,产生持续的全身性炎症反应,介导广泛的组织损伤,导致感染性休克和多器官功能衰竭.细胞因子的基因多态性与机体受到刺激后细胞因子的分泌水平相关,与全身性感染的易感性、严重程度及预后相关.探明细胞因子基因多态性与全身性感染的关系,将为全身性感染的个体化免疫基因调控治疗奠定基础.     

乙肝病毒S基因变异研究进展

本文对近年来乙肝病毒S基因变异的研究进行综述，在发现S基因第145位氨基酸点突变后，陆续报道了S基因其它部位如第126、131和144位氨基酸等部位的变异。S基因变异可发生于自然感染个体中，也可见于疫苗免疫失败者、HBIG治疗移植后肝脏HBV感染失败者以及HBSAg（－）HBV感染者，最近还报道了由核苷类似物治疗导致的S基因变异，但S基因变异发生的频率及其临床相关性如何还难以确定，这给临床工作者带来一些新问题。     

Kupffer细胞在乙肝和丙肝病毒感染中的作用机制

乙肝病毒或丙肝病毒(hepatitis B virus or hepatitis C virus, HBV/ HCV)感染是肝脏慢性疾病最常见原因。 Kupffer 细胞(KC)定植于肝血窦中,是机体数量最多的内脏巨噬细胞,在 HBV/ HCV 病毒感染后肝脏慢性炎症疾病发展中扮演了极为重要的角色。 KC 通过各种信号通路影响细胞因子的分泌及细胞间作用,调节着机体的炎性反应和免疫活动。它的激活决定着炎症和抗炎的平衡,维持机体的内环境的稳态。研究 KC 对了解肝脏 HBV/ HCV 感染的致病机制及治疗有重要意义。     

TLR2信号在沙眼衣原体生殖道感染中介导了早期炎症细胞因子的产生

目的探讨TLR2和TLR4在小鼠沙眼衣原体生殖道感染免疫应答中的作用。方法用沙眼衣原体小鼠肺炎株(Mo Pn,1×104IFUs)经生殖道感染野生型小鼠(WT,11只)、TLR2基因缺陷小鼠(TLR2 KO,14只)和TLR4基因缺陷小鼠(TLR4 KO,11只),复制生殖道沙眼衣原体感染模型。于感染后不同时间点取生殖道分泌物,部分用于免疫荧光法检测衣原体包涵体数量,部分用于炎症细胞因子IL-1α、IL-6和MIP-2水平检测。在感染后第70天,处死小鼠,无菌分离腹腔巨噬细胞,于体外衣原体Mo Pn感染,培养24 h后,测定上清液中IL-1α、IL-6和MIP-2含量。细胞因子含量测定均采用ELISA法。结果 TLR2 KO或TLR4 KO小鼠与WT小鼠在每一个检测时间点下生殖道带菌量无差异,且带菌持续时间相同,截止到感染后第38天,3种基因型所有小鼠均清除了下生殖道感染的衣原体。TLR2基因缺失小鼠巨噬细胞产生的炎症细胞因子IL-1α、IL-6和MIP-2水平均明显低于野生型WT小鼠(P0.01),而TLR4基因缺失小鼠巨噬细胞产生的3种炎症细胞因子水平均与野生型WT小鼠无差异(P0.05);TLR2基因缺失小鼠棉拭子标本同样具有较低水平的炎症细胞因子(P0.05)。结论在沙眼衣原体生殖道感染中,TLR2介导了早期炎症细胞因子的产生。沙眼衣原体诱导的早期免疫应答部分依赖于TLR2,而不依赖TLR4。     

HLA-DQA1和-DQB1等位基因与乙型病毒性肝炎相关性的研究

不同个体对乙型肝炎病毒(Hepatitis B virus, HBV)易感性的差异与个体的免疫特性有关,而后者主要取决于人类主要组织相容性复合体(Major histocompatibility complex, MHC)。人类白细胞抗原(Human leucocyte antigen, HLA)是MHC的基因产物,是首次发现的与疾病有明确关系的遗传系统。HLA复合体作为调节机体免疫应答的重要基因群,与抗HBV免疫反应有着密切的关系,某些特殊的HLA基因型可能影响着HBV感染的慢性化和免疫反应的强弱。作者利用PCR/     

人呼吸道合胞病毒北京地区A亚型ON1基因型地方株感染A549细胞转录组学分析

目的应用转录组测序方法, 分析北京地区人呼吸道合胞病毒(respiratory syncytial virus, RSV)A亚型优势流行基因型ON1地方株感染A549细胞后差异表达基因, 为RSV防治提供潜在靶点。方法选用已经过全基因组测序确定为RSV A亚型ON1基因型的地方株(61397-ON1)感染A549细胞, 提取总mRNA, 通过转录组测序筛选出与未感染的A549细胞为对照的差异表达基因, 对其进行GO分析、KEGG通路分析, 同时随机选择6个差异表达倍数大于2倍的基因进行qRT-PCR验证。结果以未感染的A549细胞为对照, 筛选出1 632个差异表达基因, 其中807个基因表达上调, 825个基因表达下调。差异基因主要参与细胞因子反应以及MAPK级联反应正向调控等免疫应答相关生物过程, 并在MAPK信号通路、NOD样受体信号通路、p53信号通路、TNF信号通路、IL-17信号通路及NF-κB信号通路发生了富集。选择的6个差异表达基因qRT-PCR验证结果与转录组数据趋势一致。结论 RSV A亚型ON1基因型毒株感染A549细胞后的差异表达基因主要参与细胞因子应答及免疫相...     

Correlation of interleukin-10 gene haplotype with hepatocellular carcinoma in Taiwan

Polymorphisms in cytokine genes can influence immune responses, inflammation and tissue injury, and may affect the outcome of hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection. We analyzed single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) in the interleukin (IL)-10 gene among 344 HBV carriers and 208 patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Genotypes and haplotypes were tested for association with HCC. IL-10/-592 C/C genotype was associated with a higher risk for HCC compared with IL-10/-592 A/C and A/A genotypes [odds ratio (OR): 2.1, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.2-3.6]. IL-10/1927 A/A genotype was also associated with a higher risk for HCC compared with IL-10/1927 A/C and C/C genotypes (OR: 1.5, 95% CI: 1.0-2.2). Haplotype analysis revealed that the homozygosity of the C-A haplotype (defined by SNPs at positions -592 and 1927) of IL-10 gene conveys the highest risk for HCC among HBV carriers compared with the homozygosity for the A-C haplotype (OR: 2.6, 95% CI: 1.3-4.9). The results demonstrate that IL-10 gene polymorphism can affect the outcome of chronic HBV infection. Further studies are necessary to clarify how variation in the IL-10 gene affects IL-10 function and risk of HCC.     

Association of polymorphisms in interleukin-18 and interleukin-28B with hepatitis B recurrence after liver transplantation in Chinese Han population

Interleukin-18 (IL-18) is a potent proinflammatory cytokine, which can promote hepatitis B virus clearance. The latest studies find that genetic polymorphisms near the IL-28B gene are strongly associated with sustained viral response and spontaneous viral clearance in patients with chronically infected hepatitis C and hepatitis B. We investigated the effect of rs187238 and rs1946518 in IL-18 gene and rs8099917 in IL-28B gene on HBV recurrence in liver transplant patients. A total of 200 liver transplant recipients and relevant donors were enrolled in this study. The patients' mean follow-up was 39 month (range 10-65 month). All liver transplant recipients were in a stable stage. The total recipients (n = 200) were divided into end-stage liver disease secondary to hepatitis B (n = 140) and end-stage liver disease secondary to other diseases (n = 60) before transplantation. Recipients (n = 140) with hepatitis B before transplantation were defined to nonHBV recurrence group (n = 119) or HBV recurrence group (n = 21), which was positive for HBsAg or elevatory in HBV DNA (>2.0 × 10(2) IU mL(-1)) after transplantation. For the recipients (n = 140) had hepatitis B before transplantation, we studied the single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of IL-18 gene (rs187238 and rs1946518) and IL-28B gene (rs8099917) by high-resolution melting (HRM) curve analysis. The serum levels of IL-18 and IFN-γ were tested by ELISA. The serums levels of IFN-γ were lower in HBV recurrence group than that in nonHBV recurrence group (P < 0.01). The genotype of IL-28B gene rs8099917 was associated with alanine aminotransferase (ALT) levels and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) levels in HBV-related liver transplant recipients (n = 140). The recipients with allele G (GG+GT) had higher ALT and AST levels (P < 0.05). No association was found between IL-18 gene and IL-28B gene polymorphisms with HBV recurrence in the liver transplant recipients or the donors. We identified that the IFN-γ was a protective factor of HBV recurrence after liver transplantation. The allele G of rs8099917 was associated with hepatitis B-related hepatocytes injury. The rs8099917 G allele subgroup should reinforce antiviral therapy.     

Interleukin-10 haplotypes in Celiac Disease in the Spanish population

Background  

Celiac disease (CD) is a chronic disorder characterized by a pathological inflammatory response after exposure to gluten in genetically susceptible individuals. The HLA complex accounts for less than half of the genetic component of the disease, and additional genes must be implicated. Interleukin-10 (IL-10) is an important regulator of mucosal immunity, and several reports have described alterations of IL-10 levels in celiac patients. The IL-10 gene is located on chromosome 1, and its promoter carries several single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and microsatellites which have been associated to production levels. Our aim was to study the role of those polymorphisms in susceptibility to CD in our population.     

The role of interleukin DNA polymorphisms in gastric cancer

Gastric carcinoma is one of the most widespread malignancies worldwide. Interleukins are the key group of cytokines which may have tumor-promoting or tumor-suppressing effect, and receptors for them, of course, have the same importance in this context. However, mechanisms of their impact on tumor are not fully understood up to date. Numerous studies provide conflicting data, that makes picture more confusing and complicated. It is known that single nucleotide polymorphisms in interleukin genes may dramatically affect on protein expression level, or alter its functions, which may lead to gastritis or ulcer, and eventually promote cancer occurrence. Furthermore, some of these genetic polymorphisms may serve as predictive factors for cancer prognosis and prevention. In order to understand the impact of each genetic polymorphism, the review of IL-1B, IL-4, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, IL17A, IL-17F DNA polymorphisms on gastric carcinoma was done, and risk alleles were recommended for further research.     

TNF—α基因多态性与慢性HBV感染研究进展

肿瘤坏死因子-α（TNF-α）是人体重要的免疫调节因子，在炎症反应和免疫应答中起重要作用。研究发现，TNF—α基因启动子单核苷酸多态性影响TNF-α的表达。在HBV感染中，TNF-α主要是通过直接抑制病毒复制和间接调节宿主免疫应答发挥作用。TNF-α启动子区基因多态性必然导致不同HBV感染者外周血单个核细胞和肝组织TNF—α表达水平间的差异，从而与HBV的慢性持续感染相关。     

Novel IL-6 haplotypes and disease association

Interleukin-6 (IL-6) is a pleiotropic cytokine crucial in both adaptive and innate immunity. Numerous genetic studies have shown association with variants of this gene in a multitude of diseases and phenotypes. Most tests of association have focused on a limited set of promoter polymorphisms, in particular, the -174G>C; however, there are many inconsistencies within and between these studies. We propose that there is a more complex regulatory haplotype extending further upstream of the previously characterised promoter region which will provide a more detailed view of the effect of variation on lL-6 regulation. We have exploited two additional single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in IL-6 that, when examined as a haplotype with existing markers, show an increased level of association with systemic onset juvenile arthritis in a family-based study. This suggests that the haplotype effect may be more functionally relevant to the disease.     

Interleukin-10 haplotype associated with total serum IgE in atopic dermatitis patients

BACKGROUND: The genetic background of atopic dermatitis (AD) is not clearly understood. Interleukin (IL)-10 is a powerful Th-2 cell cytokine produced by lymphoid cells that exerts its function by inhibiting macrophage/monocyte and T-cell lymphocyte replication and secretion of inflammatory cytokines [IL-1, tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNFA), IL-6, IL-8 and IL-12]. OBJECTIVE: In an effort to discover additional polymorphism(s) in genes whose variant(s) have been implicated in total immunoglobulin E (IgE) level in AD patients, we scrutinized the single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the IL10 gene as a potent candidate for contributing to the level of IgE in serum. METHODS: We recruited 334 AD patients and assayed their serum total IgE levels using the LIPA-200 system. Four SNPs in the IL10 gene were genotyped using the single-base extension (SBE) method. Logistic regression analyses were performed with single polymorphisms and haplotypes (ht) to determine their association with the level of serum total IgE. RESULTS: Genetic association analysis of total serum IgE in AD patients revealed that one of the IL10 ht, IL10-ht2, was associated with decreased serum total IgE in gene dose-dependent manner (P = 0.02-0.001). CONCLUSIONS: It was predicted that the inhibition of innate immunity by increased IL-10 production in IL10-ht2-bearing individuals might be associated with decreased total serum IgE levels among AD patients. The greater effects of IL10 ht on decreased total serum IgE levels suggest that the effect of IL-10 polymorphism might be the result of a combined genotype (ht) rather than single polymorphisms.     

Concentrations of cytokines,soluble interleukin-2 receptor,and soluble CD30 in sera of patients with hepatitis B virus infection during acute and convalescent phases

The immunoregulatory roles of interleukin-2 (IL-2), IL-4, IL-10, gamma interferon (IFN-gamma), tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha), the soluble form of the IL-2 receptor (sIL-2R), and the soluble form of CD30 (sCD30) were evaluated in patients with hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection. Two groups of subjects were studied: 15 healthy individuals without hepatitis antecedents and 15 patients with HBV infection. Blood samples were taken during the acute and convalescent phases. The analysis of the samples was done by the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay technique. IFN-gamma and TNF-alpha levels decreased in the convalescent phase. IL-10, IL-2, and sIL-2R levels increased in the acute and convalescent phases, while sCD30 levels increased during the acute phase. The IL-4 concentrations decreased in both phases. During the acute phase, IFN-gamma and TNF-alpha induced increases in IL-2, sIL-2R, IL-10, and sCD30 levels in serum, which allowed the development of immunity characterized by the nonreactivity of the HBV surface antigen, the onset of antibodies to the HBV surface antigen (anti-HBs), and normal alanine aminotransferase levels during the convalescent phase. Increased IL-2 levels during the acute phase would stimulate the activities of NK cells and CD8(+) lymphocytes, which are responsible for viral clearing. The raised sIL-2R levels reveal activation of T lymphocytes and control of the IL-2-dependent immune response. The sCD30 increment during the acute phase reflects the greater activation of the Th2 cellular phenotype. Its decrease in the convalescent phase points out the decrease in the level of HBV replication. The increase in IL-10 levels could result in a decrease in IL-4 levels and modulate IFN-gamma and TNF-alpha levels during both phases of disease, allowing the maintenance of anti-HBs concentrations.     

Functional effects of genetic polymorphism in inflammatory genes in subjective memory complainers

A number of genetic risk factors have been identified for Alzheimer's disease (AD) including genes involved in the inflammatory response (interleukin 1A, [IL-1α (-889)], interleukin 1B (IL-1β [+3953]), and tumor necrosis factor (TNF [-308 and -850]). We investigated the prevalence and functional consequences (baseline cognitive performance, plasma cytokine levels) of possession of these putative genetic risk factors within a group of subjective memory complainers (SMC, n = 226) and age and sex matched noncomplainers (NMC, n = 167). We observed no effect of any of the genetic factors investigated on cognitive performance. Further, there was no difference in the frequency of the disease-associated alleles, or cytokine levels between subjective memory complainers and noncomplainer participants. There was no relationship between TNF polymorphisms and TNF levels. There was a significant increase in plasma IL-1β levels in those homozygous for the disease-associated allele (i.e., IL-1β +3953 TT). Follow-up longitudinal assessments on this cohort will provide insight as to how these polymorphisms may affect the risk of cognitive decline over time.