结核分枝杆菌CFP10-ESAT6-CFP21融合蛋白克隆表达及全血IFN-γ的检测

目的构建结核分枝杆菌CFP10-ESAT-6-CFP21(CE21)融合蛋白的重组质粒,通过IFN-γ的检测探讨CE21在结核病检测中的价值。方法通过聚合酶链式反应(PCR)扩增获得CFP21和CFP10-ESAT-6(CE)基因片段,分别连接到pMD18-T,并将两片段2次连接到表达载体pET21a(+)中,获得pET21a-CFP10-ESAT-6-CFP21重组质粒;经表达纯化和复性后,去除内毒素,利用酶联免疫吸附试验检测48例结核病患者、30例非结核肺部疾病患者及32例健康对照者全血中IFN-γ的释放量。结果CE21经SDS-PAGE分析后相对分子质量为45,与预期大小一致。CE21融合蛋白全血标本IFN-γ的检测,结核组阳性率为72.9%,非结核疾病对照组和健康对照组阳性率分别为3.3%和3.1%。结论成功获得CE21融合蛋白,IFN-γ的检测证明该融合抗原具有良好的结核病检测价值。     

结核分枝杆菌ESAT-6基因体外扩增、克隆及在耻垢分枝杆菌中的表达

目的体外扩增结核杆菌ESAT-6基因,并构建大肠杆菌-分枝杆菌穿梭质粒ps3000-ESAT-6和重组耻垢分枝杆菌。方法采用聚合酶链式反应(PCR)方法,体外扩增结核杆菌ESAT-6基因,克隆入pGEMT载体。然后,构建亚克隆ps3000-ESAT-6大肠杆菌-分枝杆菌穿梭质粒,经电转化方法,将ESAT-6基因的穿梭质粒转化到耻垢分枝杆菌(Mycobacteri-umsmegmatis mc~2155)中,热诱导此重组耻垢分枝杆菌,用SDS-PAGE电泳观察ESAT-6蛋白的表达,Western blotting鉴定其生物学活性。结果成功扩增了结核杆菌ESAT-6基因;正确构建穿梭质粒ps3000-ESAT-6,用pET表达系统ESAT-6纯化蛋白免疫小鼠的多抗血清通过Western blot证实了该重组耻垢杆菌中有表达并具有生物学活性。结论ESAT-6重组耻垢分枝杆菌构建成功,为下一步表达ESAT-6蛋白的重组BCG(BacilliCalmette-Guérin)疫苗的研究奠定了基础。     

重组结核分枝杆菌CFP10-ESAT-6融合蛋白的制备及应用研究

目的 制备重组培养滤液蛋白10和6000早期分泌性抗原靶的融合蛋白(rCFPlO-ESAT-6)，研究其免疫学特性，评价其在结核病血清学诊断中的价值。方法 用基因拼接(Gene SOEing)法扩增lhp-ESAT-6融合基因、并克隆人pQE30质粒，表达、纯化rCFPl0-ESAT-6蛋白，通过Western blot分析其抗原性。建立豚鼠BCG免疫模型和结核分枝杆菌强毒株(H37Rv)感染模型，建立以融合蛋白为抗原的酶联免疫吸附测定(ELISA)法，检测豚鼠血清中的抗结核分枝杆菌抗体，并与以纯化蛋白衍生物(PPD)为抗原的ELISA法比较。结果 重组质粒pQE30-CFPl0-ESAT-6靶基因的测序结果与预计序列(lhp-linker-ESAT-6)完全一致。融合蛋白在DH5α菌中以可溶性非包涵体形式存在，表达量占菌体总蛋白的40％，分子质量为26000，纯化后的蛋白纯度为98％，浓度为1.2g／L。Western blot分析表明，融合蛋白与活动性肺结核患血清、兔抗CFP10血清和兔抗ESAT-6血清都能发生特异性免疫反应。以10只生理盐水处理豚鼠血清的平均吸光度(A)值 2s为正常界限值，以融合蛋白为抗原，11份H37Rv感染豚鼠血清全部呈阳性反应，11份BCG免疫豚鼠血清仅1份呈阳性反应；以PPD为抗原，11份H37Rv感染豚鼠血清全部呈阳性反应，11份BCG免疫豚鼠血清也全部呈阳性反应。结论 pQE30-CFPl0-ESAT-6 DH5α菌能高效表达rCFPl0-ESAT-6融合蛋白，该蛋白兼具CFPl0和ESAT-6两种蛋白的抗原性，能特异性区分豚鼠因H37Rv感染和BCG免疫后产生的抗结核分枝杆菌抗体。本研究为rCFPl0-ESAT-6融合蛋白在结核病血清学诊断中的应用奠定了基础。     

重组分枝杆菌CFP10-ESAT6融合蛋白和CFP32的表达及其抗原性

目的 重组表达结核分枝杆菌CFP10和ESAT 6的融合蛋白及卡介苗（BCG）CFP32,分析其抗原性。 方法 用重组PCR从结核分枝杆菌标准株H37Rv基因组DNA中扩增获得融合基因cfp10-esat6;从BCG基因组DNA中扩增cfp32基因。经克隆和测序分析后,分别亚克隆至表达载体pQE-30和pET-23a(+),在大肠埃希菌BL21中表达重组蛋白,予以纯化、 鉴定,Western blot和间接ELISA分析重组蛋白的抗原性。 结果构建了重组表达质粒pQE30-cfp10-esat6和 pET-cfp32,表达了CFP10-ESAT6融合蛋白和CFP32。CFP10-ESAT6蛋白表达量约占菌体总蛋白的15.2%,纯化后蛋白纯度约为92%,浓度为0.456-g/L;CFP32蛋白表达量约占菌体总蛋白的10.6%,纯化后蛋白纯度约为90%,浓度为0.310-g/L。纯化CFP10-ESAT6融合蛋白和CFP32检测结核病的敏感性分别为85.7%和71.4%,特异性均为100%。 结论 重组表达获得具有良好抗原性的重组融合蛋白CFP10-ESAT6和重组蛋白CFP32。     

结核分枝杆菌lhp-esat6融合基因穿梭表达载体的构建及在BCG中的表达

目的　构建能表达结核分枝杆菌早期分泌蛋白CFP10 -ESAT6融合蛋白的重组卡介苗 (recombinantBCG ,rBCG)。方法　以 pQE30 -CFP10 -ESAT6质粒为模板 ,通过PCR扩增 6 33bplhp -esat6基因 ,将该基因定向克隆到穿梭表达载体pJCH0 2中构建重组 pJCH0 2 -CFP10 -ESAT6质粒。用电穿孔法将重组质粒导入BCG菌构建rBCG ,将rBCG培养 2 3天 ,于收菌前 3天每天 4 5℃热诱导 4 5min ,对表达产物作SDS -PAGE及免疫印迹分析。结果　重组质粒 pJCH0 2 -CFP10 -ESAT6经酶切及测序证实构建成功 ,并在BCG中经热诱导成功表达出了具有CFP10及ESAT6抗原性的CFP10 -ESAT6融合蛋白。结论　成功构建能表达CFP10 -ESAT6融合蛋白的重组BCG ,为发展新型结核病疫苗奠定了基础。     

重组耻垢分枝杆菌Msmc^2-CFP10-ESAT6的构建

目的构建能表达结核分枝杆菌早期分泌蛋白CFP10-ESAT6融合蛋白的重组耻垢分枝杆菌。方法采用基因拼接（Gene SOEing）法体外扩增结核杆菌1hp-ESAT6融合基因,插入大肠埃希菌-分枝杆菌穿梭表达质粒pB-CG3000,构建重组穿梭表达质粒pBCG3000-CFP10-ESAT6,电转化耻垢分枝杆菌mc2155,构建耻垢疫苗株Msmc2155-CFP10-ESAT6,热诱导表达CFP10-ESAT6融合蛋白,Western blot分析其免疫原性。结果经PCR、酶切及测序鉴定,证实成功构建重组质粒pBCG3000-CFP10-ESAT6,并在耻垢分枝杆菌中经热诱导表达出分子质量单位约为22 ku的CFP10-ESAT6蛋白,该蛋白可被结核病患者血清、鼠抗ESAT6血清和鼠抗CFP10血清识别。结论结核分枝杆菌lhp-ESAT6融合基因在耻垢分枝杆菌中成功表达。     

结核分枝杆菌Rv2352c基因的克隆表达及其抗原活性鉴定

目的构建含结核分枝杆菌(M.tb)rv2352c基因原核表达载体,经转化E.coli以表达Rv2352c融合蛋白,并研究其抗原性。方法用PCR扩增M.tb rv2352c基因,克隆入pET30a(+)质粒,构建pET30a(+):rv2352c重组质粒,阳性克隆测序验证正确后转化入表达宿主大肠杆菌BL21(DE3),经IPTG诱导Rv2352c蛋白表达。经Ni+-NTA层析柱纯化融合蛋白,通过SDS-PAGE和结核患者血清Western blot进行鉴定。将纯化的重组蛋白分别免疫家兔,制备抗Rv2352c抗血清,抗血清的效价测定采用酶联免疫吸附试验法(ELISA),取兔抗血清与纯化蛋白Rv2352c通过Western blot方法,检测抗体特异性。结果经酶切鉴定和测序分析证实rv2352c原核表达质粒构建正确,SDS-PAGE和Western blot结果显示,在45 kD处呈现单一蛋白条带。用重组蛋白Rv2352c免疫接种后可诱导出高滴度的特异性抗体。纯化蛋白通过Western blot鉴定证实为目的蛋白,有较强的免疫原性。结论成功构建原核表达重组质粒pET30a(+):rv2352c,制备和纯化的Rv2352c融合蛋白具有较好的纯度和生物学功能,为进一步研究结核病的潜在分子标志物奠定基础。     

结核分枝杆菌CFP10-ESAT6融合蛋白在大肠杆菌中的高效表达

目的　在大肠杆菌中高效融合表达结核分枝杆菌分泌蛋白ESAT 6和CFP 10 ,获得纯化的重组ESAT6 CFP10 (rCFP10 ESAT6 )融合蛋白抗原。方法 通过聚合酶链反应 (polymerasechainreaction ,PCR)扩增CFP10 ESAT6融合基因 ;以质粒pET 2 8a为表达载体 ,构建重组质粒 ,转化大肠杆菌BL2 1(DE3) ;以异丙基硫代半乳糖苷 (IPTG)诱导表达目的蛋白 ,通过SDS PAGE电泳和蛋白免疫印迹法 (Westernblotting)鉴定rCFP10 ESAT6在大肠杆菌中的表达 ,确定rCFP10 ESAT6蛋白抗原在大肠杆菌中的表达形式 ;采用ChelatingSepharoseFastFlow蛋白纯化试剂纯化重组蛋白。West ernblotting及酶联免疫吸附试验 (ELISA)分析重组蛋白的免疫原性。结果 重组质粒pET2 8a CFP10 ESAT6中目的基因测序结果与报道序列相同 ;在大肠杆菌中以可溶性形式表达 ;分子量约2 8kDa ,表达量约占菌体总蛋白的 4 6 % ,纯化后的rCFP10 ESAT6样品经SDS PAGE和激光密度扫描分析表明其纯度为 90 %左右 ,每 10 0ml培养菌可获得 16mg左右的重组蛋白 ;Western印迹结果证实重组蛋白与His·tag单克隆抗体及确诊的肺结核病患者血清发生特异免疫反应。ELISA结果分析表明 ,该重组抗原能区分肺结核患者血清及正常人血清。结论 成功地表达和纯化了结核分枝杆菌CFP10-ESAT6融合蛋白。该重组蛋白具有特异的免疫原性。     

结核分枝杆菌早期分泌抗原靶6kDa蛋白原核载体的构建及在E．coli中的高效表达

目的获得高效表达的结核分枝杆菌早期分泌抗原靶6kDa蛋白（ESAT-6）。方法利用PCR方法扩增出ESAT-6基因片段,将酶切处理后的基因片段定向克隆到原核表达载体pET-21b（＋）,酶切分析和序列测定鉴定出ESAT-6基因的阳性重组子,将其转化入EcoliBL21（DE3）,阳性菌株经IPTG诱导,SDS-PAGE和免疫印迹分析靶蛋白的表达;重组蛋白经Ni-NTAHis·Bind Resins纯化。结果成功扩增出ESAT-6基因片段,构建了重组表达质粒pET-ESAT-6,SDS-PAGE显示表达产物分子量约为6kD,经亲和纯化后的ESAT-6重组蛋白纯度高,且能被结核病人血清所识别。结论利用pET原核表达系统成功的对结核分枝杆菌ESAT-6重组蛋白进行高效表达和纯化,重组蛋白具有良好的免疫活性。     

丙型肝炎NS5ATP6基因原核表达载体的构建和表达纯化及多克隆抗体的制备

目的构建丙型肝炎病毒NS5A蛋白反式激活蛋白6基因的原核表达载体并进行表达、鉴定。方法从已构建的pGBKT7-NS5ATP6质粒上切取NS5ATP6基因,再克隆入pET32a( )质粒,构建pET32a( )-NS5ATP6表达重组体。结果以pET32a( )-NS5ATP6重组体分别转化DH5α和Rosseta大肠埃希菌后,经IPTG诱导,pET32a( )-NS5ATP6表达出分子量为41KD左右的重组蛋白。免疫动物并经Westernblot检测证实其具有良好的抗原性。结论成功地构建了原核表达载体pET32a( )-NS5ATP6,诱导表达和纯化了NS5ATP6融合蛋白,并制备了该蛋白的多克隆抗体,为下一步该基因功能研究奠定了基础。     

The immunoneuroendocrine role of melatonin

Abstract: A tight, physiological link between the pineal gland and the immune system is emerging from a series of experimental studies. This link might reflect the evolutionary connection between self-recognition and reproduction. Pinealectomy or other experimental methods which inhibit melatonin synthesis and secretion induce a state of immunodepression which is counteracted by melatonin. In general, melatonin seems to have an immunoenhancing effect that is particularly apparent in immunodepressive states. The negative effect of acute stress or immunosuppressive pharmacological treatments on various immune parameters are counteracted by melatonin. It seems important to note that one of the main targets of melatonin is the thymus, i.e., the central organ of the immune system. The clinical use of melatonin as an immunotherapeutic agent seems promising in primary and secondary immunodeficiencies as well as in cancer immunotherapy. The immunoenhancing action of melatonin seems to be mediated by T-helper cell-derived opioid peptides as well as by lymphokines and, perhaps, by pituitary hormones. Melatonin-induced-immuno-opioids (MHO) and lymphokines imply the presence of specific binding sites or melatonin receptors on cells of the immune system. On the other hand, lymphokines such as -γ-interferon and interleukin-2 as well as thymic hormones can modulate the synthesis of melatonin in the pineal gland. The pineal gland might thus be viewed as the crux of a sophisticated immunoneuroendocrine network which functions as an unconscious, diffuse sensory organ.     

Changes in connexin43, the gap junction protein of astrocytes, during development of the rat pineal gland

Abstract: The abundance of gap junctions between rat pineal astrocytes formed by connexin43 (Cx43) was studied during development. Levels and distribution of Cx43 were measured by immunoblotting and indirect immunofluorescence, respectively. The amount of Cx43 in cells located within the gland was low until about the 7th postnatal day and increased to adult values between the 14th and 21st days postpartum. Although astrocytes, recognized by their vimentin immunoreactivity, were scarce before birth, they were abundant by the 7th postnatal day suggesting that the low levels of Cx43 found at this age corresponded to a low expression of this protein. Localization of the immunoreactivity to Cx43 and vimentin showed a close correlation, indicating that mature or immature pineal astrocytes form gap junctions made of Cx43. Since Cx43 levels attained their adult values at about the time the innervation and the functional state of the gland reached maturity (2–3 weeks after birth), it is proposed that astrocyte gap junctions are involved in the function of the adult rat pineal gland.     

Response of rat pineal melatonin to calcium, magnesium, and lithium is circadian stage dependent

Abstract: Herein we documented the response of pineal melatonin production to electrolytes known to be effective on pineal function in view of a possible circadian stage dependence. We studied the release of melatonin by perifused rat pineal glands at 2 different circadian stages corresponding to the middle of the light and dark periods, i.e., respectively, 7 and 19 HALO (Hours After Light Onset, L:D = 12:12). The initial efflux rates were, as expected, much higher in the perifusates of glands removed from rats sacrificed during the dark phase than of those removed during the light phase. After 3 hr of perifusion, melatonin release reached similar levels which were found constant up to the 8th hr of perifusion, whatever the circadian stage. Perifusion of the glands with physiological concentrations for the rat of calcium (5.2 mmol/1) and magnesium (1.34 mmol/1) resulted in a stimulatory effect on the pineal glands removed from rats sacrificed in the middle of the dark period (19 HALO), whereas no effects were observed on the pineal glands removed from rats sacrificed during the light (7 HALO). Lithium (0.28 and 0.55 mmol/1) was ineffective on melatonin release in pineal glands removed 7 and 19 HALO. Our results show differences in the initial efflux rates of melatonin and in the response of perifused pineal glands to calcium and magnesium according to the circadian stage.     

Conservative management of perforated duodenal diverticulum： A case report and review of the literature

Duodenal diverticula are a relatively common condition. They are asymptomatic, unless they become complicated, with perforation being the rarest but most severe complication. Surgical treatment is the most frequently performed approach. We report the case of a patient with a perforated duodenal diverticulum, which was diagnosed early and treated conservatively with antibiotics and percutaneous drainage of secondary retroperitoneal abscesses. We suggest this method could be an acceptable option for the management of similar cases, provided that the patient is in good general condition and without septic signs.     

Presence of immunoreactive growth hormone and prolactin in the ovine pineal gland

Abstract: The use of antisera raised against bovine growth hormone (GH) and ovine prolactin (PRL) enabled the detection of related immunoreactive (ir) sequences of proteins in ovine pineal tissue. The isolation of PRL-like ir-material was accomplished using a 0.25 M ammonium sulphate (pH 5.5) extraction followed by ethanol precipitation, whereas the resulting 2.0 M ammonium sulphate (pH 7.0) precipitate contained a GH-like immunoreactivity. Gel chromatography of the GH-like immunoreactivity (Sephadex G-100) indicated the presence of several GH-like fragments ranging in the M_r range of 7,000 to 55,000. Analyses of the PRL-like ir-material found in pineal tissue on HPLC using a TSK 545-DEAE column led to the resolution into a single peak of immunoreactivity. A single peak of activity was also observed following chromatofocusing and hydrophobic interaction chromatography of the ir-peak from the TSK 545-DEAE column. The PRL-like ir-material inhibited the binding of [¹²⁵I]ovine PRL-S14 to anti-ovine PRL antibodies without showing an affinity for binding to anti-rat PRL or anti-bovine GH antibodies. Scatchard analysis of the binding of pineal PRL-like ir-material and pituitary ovine PRL-S14 to liver membranes from day-20 pregnant rats revealed similar affinity constants (K_a of 4.7 ± 0.2 × 10⁹ M^-1). In addition, the replication of Nb 2 Node rat lymphoma cells was stimulated by pineal PRL-like ir-material, an effect known to be specific for lactogenic hormones. The pineal PRL-like immunoreactivity appeared on sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gels as a single major band of M_r 24,000. The functional status of PRL-and GH-like ir-material in the ovine pineal remains to be determined, but evidence is presented that the overall protein synthesis rate of the rat pineal responded to circulating concentrations of PRL.     

Microbiology of human immunodeficiency virus anorectal disease

PURPOSE: Individuals who are seropositive for the human immunodeficiency virus are at high risk for opportunistic infection and anorectal disorders. Little prospective information is available regarding anorectal pathogens in these patients. METHODS: One hundred sixty-three HIV-seropositive patients presented to the colorectal clinic between 1989 and 1992. Forty-seven (29 percent) patients were thought to have an infectious process and were prospectively studied using a standardized multiculture protocol. RESULTS: Mean age was 33 (range, 19–59) years. All were male; high-risk behavior accounted for 87 percent of HIV transmissions. Presenting complaints included anorectal pain (79 percent), pus per anum (28 percent), and blood per anum (26 percent). Examination revealed perianal tenderness (60 percent), condyloma (38 percent), perianal ulcers (38 percent), and anal fissures (34 percent). Sixty-six sets of cultures were performed; 28 patients had one set, 15 had two sets, and 4 had three sets. Thirty-two of these 47 patients (68 percent) had positive cultures including herpes (50 percent), cytomegalovirus (25 percent),Neisseria gonorrhoeae (16 percent), chlamydia (16 percent), acidfast bacilli (2 percent), and others (9 percent). Six of 32 patients with positive cultures had more than one organism cultured. Sixteen (50 percent) patients with positive cultures were treated medically, 8 (25 percent) were treated surgically and 8 (25 percent) were treated with both modalities. Sixty-one procedures were performed on 17 patients for condylomata. Eighteen patients had 20 procedures for abscesses, 50 percent of whom had positive cultures for other than common bowel flora; all improved. Fourteen patients underwent 33 procedures for perianal fistulas.Mycobacterium fortuitum was cultured from one patient who required 13 procedures for abscesses and fistulas. Forty-five (96 percent) patients were followed for an average of 12.5 months ±2.9 SEM (range, 1–94 months). Symptoms were improved or resolved in 22 of 32 (69 percent) patients with positive cultures and in 11 of 13 (84 percent) with negative cultures. CONCLUSIONS: Specific pathogens may often be identified in human immunodeficiency virus-seropositive patients with anorectal disorders if aggressively sought. Although patients without specific pathogens identified may be expected to improve with planned empiric treatment, positive identification allows more directed therapy.