多西他赛联合顺铂诱导化疗治疗局部晚期鼻咽癌

目的:比较多西他赛联合顺铂(TP)与顺铂联合氟尿嘧啶(PF)诱导化疗及顺铂单药同期放化疗治疗局部晚期鼻咽癌的急性不良反应、依从性及近期疗效。方法:共收集63例入组条件符合的鼻咽癌患者。随机分成两组,TP组31例,PF组32例。两组患者分别接受TP或PF方案诱导化疗2个周期,同期给予顺铂30mg每周化疗。观察两组患者治疗期间的不良反应和耐受性,以及近期疗效。结果:患者放化疗期间TP组和PF组发生3级以上急性毒性反应分别为64.5%(20/31)与34.4%(11/32),P=0.003。两组的近期疗效相似且TP组和PF组2年总生存率、无远处转移生存率和无瘤生存率分别为96.7%与96.3%,P>0.05、90.3%与81.3%,P>0.05和83.5%与78.1%,P>0.05,差异无统计学意义。结论:TP方案诱导化疗联合同期放化疗是治疗局部晚期鼻咽癌的安全有效方案,近期疗效与PF方案相似,其远期疗效仍有待进一步研究。     

周剂量顺铂化疗同步放疗治疗局部晚期鼻咽癌的临床研究

目的:探讨周剂量顺铂化疗同步放疗治疗局部晚期鼻咽癌的疗效及毒副反应.方法:81例局部晚期鼻咽癌患者,随机分为顺铂同期放疗组(CRT组)和单纯放疗组(RT组).RT组患者仅行常规分割放疗,CRT组患者在常规分割放疗的基础上加用顺铂.观察两组患者的近期疗效、远期疗效和毒副反应.结果:CRT组患者颈部肿块残存率、3年局部复发率和远处转移率均明显低于RT组(P<0.05,P<0.01),3年和5年生存率明显高于RT组(P<0.05);鼻咽部肿块残存率、5年局部复发率和远处转移率以及毒副反应两组比较无明显差别(P>0.05).结论:周剂量顺铂化疗同步放疗治疗局部晚期鼻咽癌可提高患者的局部控制率和生存率,毒副反应患者可耐受.     

单纯放疗及放疗联合每周顺铂治疗局部晚期鼻咽癌的前瞻性研究

目的比较单纯放疗及放疗联合每周顺铂方案治疗局部晚期鼻咽癌（LANPC）的急性和晚期反应及其疗效。方法将52例局部晚期鼻咽癌患者随机分入单纯放疗组（RT组）及放疗联合化疗组（CRT组）,两组患者均接受常规放射治疗,CRT组于放射治疗的第1周起静脉滴注顺铂30mg/m^2,每周1次,连续5～7周。结果52例患者均完成了计划剂量的放射治疗,25例患者完成了同期顺铂治疗,急性毒副反应的发生率与RT组相比,差异无统计学意义（P〉0.05）,两组均未观察到3、4组正常组织的晚期损伤。治疗后3个月时完全缓解率两组间差异无统计学意义（P〉0.05）。中位随访48.8个月后,2、4年总生存率、无转移生存率两组间差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）;而两组无复发生存率未见明显差异（P〉0.05）。结论每周30 mg/m^2顺铂联合放射治疗与单纯放疗相比,能提高局部晚期鼻咽癌患者的生存率,降低远处转移率,同时急性放射反应和晚期放射损伤在患者可接受范围内。     

调强放疗结合化疗治疗鼻咽癌疗效分析

[目的]观察调强放疗结合化疗治疗鼻咽癌的临床疗效和不良反应.[方法]将各期鼻咽癌患者128例,随机分为诱导化疗加调强放疗组(诱放组)66例与同步化疗加调强放疗组(同放组)62例.调强放疗给予鼻咽癌原发病灶处方量70Gy/30次/6周;诱导化疗方案为顺铂联合5-氟尿嘧啶,每21天1周期,先诱导化疗两周期后接受放疗,放疗结束后再给予辅助化疗两周期;同步化疗方案为顺铂单药每周方案,同步放化疗,放疗结束后再给予辅助化疗两周期;两组辅助化疗均为每21天1周期.[结果]随访5年以上,中位随访时间52个月.两组之间比较5年总生存率(61.4％和73.8％,x2=0.27,P=0.557)、无复发生存率和无转移生存率的差别均无统计学意义.[结论]调强放疗结合化疗治疗鼻咽癌可获得较理想的局部区域控率和总生存率,急慢性副反应在可耐受范围内.     

局部晚期鼻咽癌同期吉西他滨联合顺铂（GP）方案放化疗的疗效及安全性分析

目的评估同期吉西他滨联合顺铂（GP）方案放化疗对局部晚期鼻咽癌患者的疗效、急性毒性反应、安全性和近期损伤情况。方法70例Ⅲ、Ⅳ期局部晚期鼻咽癌患者，按照GP方案接受了同期放疗加辅助化疗的治疗，其急性与近期毒性反应采用美国放射治疗协作组织（RTOG）的标准进行评价。结果70例患者的5年生存率和无瘤生存率分别为71．2％和43．2％。无5级毒性反应发生，3、4级急性毒性反应主要为造血系统29例，占41．4％；咽部粘膜反应28例，占40．0％；放疗区皮肤损伤4例，占5．7％，完成放疗同期放化疗和全部化疗者分别为78．7％和48．3％。结论与常规放射治疗相比，GP同期放化疗方案有助于局部晚期鼻咽癌患者疗效的提高，其急性毒性反应有所增加，多数患者可耐受，晚期损伤基本相同。     

局部晚期鼻咽癌TP方案诱导化疗及同期放化疗初步观察

目的:观察局部晚期鼻咽癌诱导化疗及不同化疗方案的依从性及不良反应。方法:将60例局部晚期鼻咽癌患者按照随机数字表法分为A、B、C三组,A组TP诱导化疗+同期顺铂放化疗,B组顺铂同期放化疗,C组TP同期放化疗。放疗为调强放疗,GTVnx 68~72 Gy,GTVnd 65~70 Gy。观察三组治疗依从性及不良反应情况。结果:三组完成化疗数比例分别为80.0%、95.0%、90.0%,放疗全部足量完成,依从性均好,最常见反应为胃肠道反应、口咽黏膜炎、骨髓抑制、皮肤损伤,三组比较差异均无统计学意义(P0.05)。但同时中重度不良反应发生率A组最高,B组最低,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:局部晚期鼻咽癌诱导化疗后同期放化疗及顺铂同期放化疗、TP同期放化疗依从性均良好,前者同时中重度不良反应发生率较高,顺铂同期放化疗最轻。     

Ⅲ、Ⅳa期鼻咽癌调强放疗联合三种含铂方案同期化疗的疗效比较

目的:探讨Ⅲ、Ⅳa期鼻咽癌经调强放疗联合顺铂+氟尿嘧啶(PF)、紫杉醇+顺铂(TP)、每周顺铂(DDP)三种方案同期化疗的临床疗效以及其产生的副作用。方法:选取近2年来本院就诊的105例鼻咽癌患者作为研究对象,随机分成PF组、TP组以及DDP组,每组各35例患者,三组患者在给予调强放疗的基础上分别给予PF、TP和DDP同期化疗方案。结果:三组都顺利完成治疗计划,随访5~37个月,平均(26±2)个月,三组在无瘤生存率以及总生存率方面比较差异具有统计学意义(P0.05);三组患者Ⅲ~Ⅳ度粒细胞减少、Ⅲ~Ⅳ度胃肠道反应发生率比较差异具有统计学意义(P0.05),Ⅲ~Ⅳ度口腔黏膜炎发生率比较差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:短期内从Ⅲ、Ⅳa期鼻咽癌的调强放疗联合PF、TP、DDP三种方案同期化疗的临床疗效和副反应来看,调强放疗联合DDP治疗方案临床疗效最好,PF方案疗效次之,对于此方案的长期临床疗效还需要观察比较再做定论。     

奈达铂联合替加氟同步放疗在局部进展食管癌应用及临床价值

目的 探讨奈达铂＋替加氟同步放疗治疗局部晚期食管癌的临床疗效及价值.方法 2009年6月至2011年12月间66例经病理检查证实的局部晚期食管癌患者,随机分为同步放化疗组34例及单纯放疗组32例,两组均采用三维适形调强放射治疗,1.8～ 2.0 Gy/次,5次/周,放疗剂量60～66 Gy.同步化疗方案为奈达铂（NDP）80 ～ 100 mg/m2,d1,替加氟1 000 mg/d,d1 ～5,静脉滴注,28 d重复一次,同步化疗两周期.结果 同步放化疗组完全缓解8例,部分缓解21例,有效率为85.2％（29/34）;单纯放疗组完全缓解5例,部分缓解20例,有效率为78.1％（25/32）,χ^2=0.570,P=0.450.两组1年生存率分别为70.6％（24/34）、62.5％（20/32）,χ^2=0.533,P=0.465,两年生存率为44.1％（15/34）、37.5％（12/32）,χ^2=0.299,P=0.585,差异无显著统计学意义.同步放化疗组2～3度白细胞下降52.9％（18/34）,单纯放疗组为25.0％（8/32）,χ^2=5.39,P=0.020;2度血小板下降同步放化疗组2例,单纯放疗组无3度血小板下降.结论 奈达铂联合替加氟同步调强放疗可提高局部进展食管癌近期疗效,治疗毒副作用可以耐受,远期疗效尚待进一步观察.     

同期放化疗对局部晚期食管癌的疗效观察

目的 比较同期放化疗和单纯放射治疗局部晚期食管癌的近期和远期疗效及毒性反应，探索局部晚期食管癌治疗的新途径。方法 将56例局部晚期食管癌患者随机分成单纯放疗和同期放化疗组，每组各28例，两组放疗均采用常规分割放射治疗，总剂量60～70Gy；化疗采用FP方案(5-Fu500mg／m^2，d1～5，持续静脉滴注，顺铂30mg，d1～4)。同期放化疗组从放射治疗第1天起给予化疗，以后每隔27d化疗1周期，每例患者化疗时间不少于4周期。结果 同期放化疗组1、2和3年生存率分别为59．1％、46．5％和39．8％；单纯放疗组的1、2和3年生存率分别为59．2％、40．1％和14．2％。严重毒性反应：同期放化疗明显高于单纯放疗，3级以上放射性食管炎发生率两组分别为68．2％(19／28)和26．2％(7／28)，差异有显著性意义(P＜0．05)。结论 同期放化疗对局部晚期食管癌治疗价值具有协同作用，可提高局部晚期食管癌患者的3年生存率，但放射性食管炎的发生率也有明显提高，值得增加样本量进一步研究。     

同步放化疗局部晚期鼻咽癌的耐受性与疗效观察

目的:探讨同步放化疗局部晚期鼻咽癌的耐受性与疗效。方法:收集155例首程根治性放疗Ⅲ～Ⅳa期鼻咽癌患者,随机分为单纯放疗组(RT)76例、同期放化疗组(CCRT)79例,均为二维常规根治性放射治疗。CCRT组分别在放疗前、第4周、放疗后1～2周内给予化疗:DDP 30mg/m2.d1-～13,5-氟尿嘧啶500mg/m2.d1-～15,静脉点滴。结果:CCRT组和RT组在治疗期间发生的血液、胃肠道、黏膜及皮肤反应等急性毒性无明显差异(P>0.05)。治疗过程中需静脉补液、营养支持治疗的CCRT组有62例(78.5%)、RT组有39例(51.3%)(χ2=12.592,P<0.001)。治疗结束后3个月CCRT组和RT组鼻咽部肿瘤消退率和颈部淋巴结肿瘤消退率均分别为97.5%与92.1%;94.9%与89.5%(P>0.05)。CCRT组2年无进展生存率、无远处转移生存率和总生存率明显优于RT组[(94.9%与82.9%;93.8%与80.2%;100%与78.9%,P<0.05)]。结论:顺铂+5-氟尿嘧啶方案化疗同期放疗局部晚期鼻咽癌提高了2年无进展生存率、无远处转移生存率和总生存率,毒副作用有所增加,耐受性有下降的趋势,但尚在可耐受范围。     

肱骨远端全骺分离

肱骨远端全骺分离在5岁以下儿童中是较常见的肘部损伤,且极易误诊为肱骨髁上骨折或肘关节脱位。本组25例肱骨远端全骺分离均为向内侧移位,年龄11个月至14岁,平均5.6岁,属Salter-HarrisⅠ型或Ⅱ型。对本症骨骺损伤的解剖学和组织学,诸骨(和骨化中心)之间的对应关系以及骨骺损伤的诊治进行了简短的讨论。     

食指背侧皮瓣的临床应用

通过对右手虎口挛缩以及左拇指皮肤剥脱损伤各一例应用直指背侧皮瓣修复的成功经验,提出该手术的适应症和优点,并重点介绍其应用解剖学和手术方法。     

Investigation of hypoglycemic,hypolipidemic and antioxidant activities of aqueous extract of Terminalia paniculata bark in diabetic rats

Objective

To investigate the hypoglycemic, hypolipidemic and antioxidant activities of aqueous extract of Terminalia paniculata bark (AETPB) in streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rats.

Methods

Acute toxicity was studied in rats after the oral administration of AETPB to determine the dose to assess hypoglycemic activity. In rats, diabetes was induced by injection of STZ (60 mg/kg, i.p.) and diabetes was confirmed 72 h after induction, and then allowed for 14 days to stabilize blood glucose level. In diabetic rats, AETPB was orally given for 28 days and its effect on blood glucose and body weight was determined on a weekly basis. At the end of the experimental day, fasting blood sample was collected to estimate the haemoglobin (Hb), glycosylated haemoglobin (HbA1c), serum creatinine, urea, serum glutamate-pyruvate transaminase (SGPT), serum glutamate-oxaloacetate transaminase (SGOT) and insulin levels. The liver and kidney were collected to determine antioxidants levels in diabetic rats.

Results

Oral administration of AETPB did not exhibit toxicity and death at a dose of 2 000 mg/kg. AETPB treated diabetic rats significantly (P<0.001, P<0.01 and P<0.05) reduced elevated blood glucose, HbA1c, creatinine, urea, SGPT and SGOT levels when compared with diabetic control rats. The body weight, Hb, insulin and total protein levels were significantly (P<0.001, P<0.01 and P<0.05) increased in diabetic rats treated with AETPB compared to diabetic control rats. In diabetic rats, AETPB treatment significantly reversed abnormal status of antioxidants and lipid profile levels towards near normal levels compared to diabetic control rats.

Conclusions

Present study results confirm that AETPB possesses significant hypoglycemic, hypolipidemic and antioxidant activities in diabetic condition.     

Association of smoking,alcohol and NSAIDs use with expression of cag A and cag T genes of Helicobacter pylori in salivary samples of asymptomatic subjects

Objective

To determine the association of smoking, alcohol and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) use with presence and virulence of Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection in a representative sample of a random adult population of asymptomatic subjects.

Methods

Non virulent 16S rRNA and virulent cag A and T genes from salivary samples of 854 asymptomatic subjects were determined using polymerase chain reaction. The presence and absence of virulent and non virulent infection was statistically compared with consumption of smoking, alcohol and NSAIDs.

Results

The prevalence of infection in male and female subjects was found to be 69.25% and 66.90%, respectively. The prevalence of infection in the population of asymptomatic subjects with respect to consumption of alcohol was as follows: current (31.22%), former (52.20%) and never (43.58%). The prevalence of infection in the population of asymptomatic subjects with respect to smoking of cigarettes was as follows: current (88.80%), former (57.14%) and never (33.33%). The prevalence of infection in the subject population consuming NSAIDs and not consuming NSAIDs frequently was found to be 82.75% and 21.16%, respectively. Virulence in male and female subjects was found to be 60.00% and 50.00%, respectively. The presence of virulent infection in the population of asymptomatic subjects with respect to consumption of alcohol was as follows: current (28.57%), former (40.15%) and never (50.00%). The prevalence of virulent infection in the population of asymptomatic subjects with respect to smoking of cigarettes was as follows: current (79.32%), former (75.00%) and never (50.00%). The prevalence of virulent infection in the subject population consuming NSAIDs and not consuming NSAIDs frequently was found to be 88.23% and 66.66%, respectively.

Conclusions

It can be concluded that smoking and NSAIDs consumption are aggravating factors for virulence of H. pylori and alcohol can inhibit H. pylori infection in asymptomatic subjects.     

大肠多发原发性癌:危险因素、诊治和预防(附8例报告)

综述分析1954～84年国内外文献,探讨了大肠多发原发性癌的诊断标准、发病情况、临床表现、发病危险因素、外科处理以及预防和诊断检测技术等问题,强调了大肠腺瘤,遗传基础、免疫缺陷、慢性溃疡性结肠炎等在发病上的作用,及高危险组患者应按方案进行常规检测监护之重要性。述介了大肠多发原发性癌系一种原发性大肠癌多中心发生的形式,在诊治上前者与后者有一致性,亦各有其独特性。报告宁夏医学院附属医院肿瘤科1977～84年收治的8例住院大肠多发原发性癌病例的临床资料,对诊治经过进行了初步总结。     

具有抗细菌黏附和杀菌双重功能的(HA/CHI-Van)5涂层的制备

目的：研究开发一种涂覆(HA/CHI-Van)5多层膜结构的骨科内植入物以用于预防骨内植入物感染。方法：将透明质酸（HA）和壳聚糖-万古霉素（CHI-Van）溶液进行层层自组装,制备得到(HA/CHI-Van)5多层膜结构;通过zeta电位检测组装过程,通过活细菌染色实验评价多层膜的抗细菌黏附效果,通过越狱实验和FE-SEM实验检测体外抗菌效果。SD大鼠随机分为空白组、(HA/CHI-Van)5组和假手术组,并以X线、Micro-CT、骨组织切片等方法检测该材料的体内动物实验效果。结果：每次组装不同的单层,zeta电位交替变化,证明多层膜组装成功。活细菌染色实验显示多层膜结构中的CHI具有一定的抗细菌黏附作用。越狱实验和FE-SEM实验证明(HA/CHI-Van)5多层膜结构在体外具有良好的抗菌作用。在体外实验中,(HA/CHI-Van)5组的X线评分为0.7,而空白组的评分为12.3,(HA/CHI-Van)5组在骨密度、骨小梁数量、骨体积分数、骨组织切片方面均优于空白组（均P＜0.05）,且非常接近假手术组（均P＞0.05）。结论：通过在骨科内植入物表面涂覆(HA/CHI-Van)5多层膜结构能够获得一定的抗细菌黏附功能和良好的抗菌作用,可以预防骨内植入物感染。     

NGR修饰唑来膦酸长循环脂质体制备及其表征研究

目的:制备具有肿瘤血管靶向的NGR修饰唑来膦酸长循环脂质体,并对其进行表征研究。方法：采用薄膜分散法制备NGR修饰唑来膦酸长循环脂质体,,并对其进行表征研究,并测定包封率。结果：制备得到的NGR-PEG-ZOL-LPs平均粒径为(271.43±9.23)nm,Zeta电位为-(36.20±0.20)mv,多分散系数(PDI)为(0.15±0.03),理化性质相对稳定;NGR-PEG-ZOL-LPs包封率为8.41%;电镜下显示NGR-PEG-ZOL-LPs呈类圆形,大小分布均匀,无明显聚集。结论：采用薄膜分散法制备的NGR修饰唑来膦酸长循环脂质体具有较高的稳定性,从而为体内药效学研究奠定基础。     

Efficacy and side effects of praziquantel in the treatment of Schistosomiasis mansoni in schoolchildren in Shesha Kekele Elementary School,Wondo Genet,Southern Ethiopia

Objective

To evaluate the efficacy and side effects of praziquantel (PZQ) in the treatment of schistosomiasis in Ethiopia.

Methods

In a cross-sectional study, stool specimens were collected from randomly selected 299 school children in Shesha Kekele Elementary School, Wondo Genet, Southern Ethiopia, in April 2010. Stool specimens were examined using a single Kato-Katz thick smear for Schistosoma mansoni (S. mansoni) ova. Children who were found positive for S. mansoni were treated with a single oral dose of PZQ at 40 mg/kg bw and interviewed for treatment-related symptoms 24 hours after drug administration. Four weeks post-treatment, stool specimens were collected from the same children and examined following the same procedure as in the pre-treatment. Drug efficacy was determined based on cure and egg reduction rates.

Results

Pre-treatment prevalence of S. mansoni infection was 74.9% with geometric mean egg count of 268. The evaluated generic PZQ produced an overall cure rate of 73.6% (P<0.000 1, OR: 8.33, CI: 5.3–13.1) and egg reduction rate of 68.2% (P=0.03, F=0.64). The cure rate showed significant association with age (χ²=11, P=0.004), the highest rate being observed in the 15–22 age group. 83% of S. mansoni infected children showed various treatment-related symptoms, the most frequent being headache, nausea, and abdominal pain. These symptoms were associated with age (P<0.001) and pre-treatment intensity of infection (P<0.05).

Conclusions

The present observations revealed relatively lower cure and egg reduction rates of the PZQ evaluated as compared to previous reports for other PZQ brands in Ethiopia. Hence, in depth studies are recommended to clarify whether the present relatively lower cure rate is the actual cure rate of the praziquantel evaluated, treatment failure, or reduced susceptibility of the parasite. Treatment-related side effects observed were transient and tolerable.     

重组人血小板生成素治疗特发性血小板减少性紫癜的临床疗效

目的 评价重组人血小板生成素（rhTPO）对糖皮质激素治疗无效的成人特发性血小板减少性紫癜（ITP）的有效性与安全性。方法 选择对糖皮质激素治疗无效的ITP患者74例,分为rhTPO+达那唑组(观察组)37例,达那唑组(对照组)37例。观察组皮下注射rhTPO 1.0μg/kg（300U/kg）,1次/d, 共14d,停用rhTPO后再观察14d。对照组口服达那唑14d后,如血小板≤20×109/L可皮下注射rhTPO(1.0μg/kg),1次/d, 14d ,停用rhTPO后观察14d。两组在整个试验阶段口服达那唑200mg/次,3次/d。比较两组前14d血小板计数的最高值和不同时间点血小板计数值的曲线下面积及有效率,比较对照组应用rhTPO前后的血小板计数及其差值。结果 观察组前14d血小板计数和升高值均显著高于对照组(P＜0.01）。14d内血小板计数值的曲线下面积中位数明显高于对照组（P＜0.001）;观察组rhTPO治疗14d内显效者（血小板计数升高至≥100×109/L）(16例、43.24%)明显高于对照组（3例、8.10%）（P＜0.01）。观察组良效者（血小板计数升高≥30×109/L）(9例、24.32%）与对照组(10例、27.03%）差异无统计学意义（P>0.01）。观察组近期有效observation率（显效+良效）明显高于对照组（P＜0.05）。对照组14d血小板升高未达有效的患者给予rhTPO治疗后血小板计数与使用rhTPO前相比明显升高,有效率达到62.50%。两组均无严重不良事件发生。结论 rhTPO治疗糖皮质激素治疗无效的ITP患者安全、有效。