对女性生殖道解脲脲支原体、沙眼衣原体及淋病奈瑟菌感染的研究

目的了解丽水地区女性生殖道解脲脲支原体(Uu)、沙眼衣原体(Ct)和淋病奈瑟菌(NG)感染状况。方法利用实时荧光聚合酶链反应方法(FQ-PCR),对门诊就诊的1269例女性生殖道感染患者的生殖道分泌物做Uu、Ct和NG检测。结果 Uu、Ct和NG的阳性检出率分别为69.2%、11.8%和3.1%,共检出阳性病例913例,阳性率达71.9%,混合感染147例,占16.1%,各年龄段间的感染率差异无统计学意义。结论丽水地区女性明显呈高感染状况,Uu是感染的主要病原体,应采取有效措施进行宣传预防。     

解脲脲支原体感染与输卵管性不孕的相关性探讨

目的 探讨解脲脲支原体(Uu)感染与输卵管性不孕的相关性.方法 2010年1月-2011年6月医院妇产科就诊122例输卵管性不孕患者为观察组,同时以进行早孕检查的60例孕妇作为对照组,两组受试者均采用聚合酶联反应(PCR)技术进行宫颈分泌物的解脲脲支原体DNA片段进行扩增检测,分析两组Uu感染率.结果 观察组受试者中Uu阳性99例占81.2％,对照组受试者中Uu阳性11例占18.3％,观察组受试者Uu阳性率显著高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.01);观察组中输卵管完全阻塞和部分阻塞的患者分别有40例占81.6％和59例占80.8％解脲脲支原体为阳性,差异无统计学意义.结论 Uu感染与输卵管性不孕具有相关性,Uu是输卵管性不孕的重要病原体之一.     

盆腔炎患者沙眼衣原体及解脲脲支原体感染的分析

目的 探讨盆腔炎患者的感染因素及解脲脲支原体(Uu)、沙眼衣原体(Ct)感染情况.方法 选取158例盆腔炎患者和158例正常体检者,采集宫颈分泌物分别检测Uu、Ct,同时分析感染的危险因素.结果 盆腔炎患者患有性传播疾病(STD)、流产≥3次、性伴侣≥3个者明显高于对照组,两组比较差异有统计学意义(P＜0.01);盆腔炎组患者Uu、Ct的检出率明显高于对照组,两组比较差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).结论 Uu、Ct感染为盆腔炎的重要致病因素,对于盆腔炎患者应重视对Uu、Ct的检测.     

前列腺癌患者解脲脲支原体感染与p53基因表达的关系

目的 检测解脲脲支原体(Uu)和p53基因在前列腺癌中的表达,并分析二者的相关性.方法 采用PCR法和免疫组化法,检测47例前列腺癌组织中Uu和p53蛋白的表达.结果 47例前列腺癌患者中,Uu感染21例占44.7％,p53蛋白阳性23例占48.9％ ;Uu与前列腺癌的肿瘤分期、肿瘤转移差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05); Uu阳性的前列腺癌组织中p53基因的表达较Uu阴性组高,Uu感染与p53蛋白表达存在相关性,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).结论 在前列腺癌中,Uu与前列腺癌的分期和肿瘤转移差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05),Uu可能通过诱导p53基因的突变引发前列腺癌的发生.     

解脲脲支原体感染对男性不育的影响

目的 探讨解脲脲支原体(Uu)感染对男性不育患者的影响.方法 采用培养法对98例男性不育症患者进行Uu检测,分析Uu感染对精子质量和形态的影响.结果 Uu阳性组患者精液液化时间、pH值、精子畸形率显著高于Uu阴性组,两组比较差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05);Uu阳性组精子活动力和精子活动率显著低于Uu阴性组,两组比较差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05);Uu阳性组正常形态精子百分率低于Uu阴性组;Uu阳性组异常形态精子百分率高于Uu阴性组,差异均有统计学意义(均P＜0.05).结论 Uu感染是男性不育患者精液质量下降的重要原因之一,预防和及时治疗Uu感染,对防治不育症有重要意义.     

门诊患者NG,CT,Uu3种病原体检出情况

目的了解成都某医院门诊患者淋球菌、沙眼衣原体、解脲脲支原体3种主要性传播疾病病原体的感染情况,为临床防治提供依据。方法采用实时荧光定量聚合酶链反应技术(FQ-PCR)对2007-01/2008-12来医院检查泌尿生殖道感染的746名患者按常规取样进行NG,CT,Uu 3种病原体检测。结果746例患者中以Uu感染率最高,为35.02%(166/474),NG为20.95%(31/148),CT为16.13%(20/124)。男女阳性检出率比较,NG病原体阳性率女性低于男性,Uu阳性率女性高于男性。21~40岁年龄段患者占82.03%,2007年总阳性率为35.62%,2008年为26.12%。结论淋球菌、沙眼衣原体、解脲脲支原体3种常见性传播疾病病原体均有检出,Uu检出率居第1位。2008年检出率较2007年有降低趋势。     

解脲脲原体感染与女性不孕症的相关性研究

目的探讨不同生物亚群解脲脲原体(Uu)与不孕症的相关性。方法采用PCR方法对120例门诊不孕症患者(不孕症组)的宫颈分泌物进行Uu生物亚群分型检测;以同期健康体检中心120例正常体检女性为对照组。比较不同亚群Uu在不孕症组和对照组感染率的差异。结果不孕症组Uu检出率为55.0%(66/120),对照组为30.0%(36/120),两组比较,差异有统计学意义(χ~2=15.35,P0.05);不孕症组Uu生物1群检出率为20.8%(25/120),对照组为18.3%(21/120),两组比较,差异无统计学意义(χ~2=0.24,P0.05);不孕症组Uu生物2群检出率为45.8%(55/120),对照组为21.7%(26/120),两组比较,差异有统计学意义(χ~2=15.67,P0.01)。结论 Uu感染与女性不孕有一定的相关性,Uu1群可能为正常携带,Uu2群可能为致病群,其潜在治病机制有待进一步研究。     

非淋菌性尿道炎解脲脲支原体感染及药敏试验结果分析

目的 了解非淋菌性(NGU)泌尿生殖道支原体属感染状况及对常用抗菌药物的耐药性,为临床合理用药提供参考.方法 使用支原体属培养鉴别试剂盒对12 820例患者进行解脲脲支原体(Uu)培养,并对7811份阳性标本进行3组12种抗菌药物的药物敏感性检测:1组四环素类,含多西环素、米诺霉素、四环素；2组大环内酯类,含交沙霉素、克拉霉素、罗红霉素、红霉素；3组喹诺酮类,含司帕沙星、氧氟沙星、环丙沙星.结果 12 820例NGU中Uu检出7811株阳性率60.93％,男性1885例,Uu检出760株阳性率40.32％,女性10 935例,Uu检出7051株阳性率64.49％,女性感染率显著高于男性,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.01)；Uu对四环素类平均耐药率为3.84％,且4年来差异无统计学意义,大环内酯类平均耐药率达32.89％,而喹诺酮类药物的平均耐药率则高达61.55％.结论 Uu是泌尿生殖道的主要感染菌,女性的感染率显著高于男性,Uu对多种抗菌药物存在不同程度的耐药性,建议丽水市治疗Uu感染应首选四环素类和交沙霉素,对喹诺酮类应慎用,有条件者临床应结合药敏试验结果合理用药.     

荧光定量PCR对生殖道沙眼衣原体及解脲脲支原体检测结果分析

目的 讨论非淋菌性生殖道炎症患者的沙眼农原体(Ct)和解脲脲支原体(Uu)感染状况.方法 采用荧光定量PCR法对1025例非淋菌性感染患者和30例健康体检者分别进行Ct和Uu检测.结果 1025例非淋菌性感染患者中单一Ct阳性为156例,阳性率为15.22%,单一Uu阳性505例,阳性率为49.27%,Ct、Uu混合感染217例,阳性率为21.17%,总检出率为85.66%;Uu感染率女性明显多于男性,差异有统计学意义(χ2=104.56,P<0.01),而Ct感染率女性与男性差异无统计学意义(χ2=0.88,P>0.05),30例健康对照组中男性Ct和Uu结果全阴性;女性Uu结果5例阳性(16.67%),Ct结果全阴性.结论 NGU患者中Uu感染率最高同时女性感染较男性要高,其次为Ct感染但感染率差异无统计学意义,在诊断非淋菌性感染时建议同时检测Ct和Uu以免漏诊.     

性传播病原体感染与宫颈糜烂的相关性研究

目的 探讨宫颈糜烂的发生与性传播病原体感染的相关性,对临床预防与治疗宫颈糜烂提供参考依据.方法 选取2005年1月-2010年1月医院门诊收治的566例宫颈炎患者为研究对象,将283例宫颈糜烂患者作为观察组,283例无宫颈糜烂的宫颈炎患者作为对照组,分别采用培养法和立明衣原体快速检测法比较两组患者的解脲脲支原体(Uu)和沙眼衣原体(Ct)的感染情况.结果 观察组患者Ct检出率为67.84％,Uu检出率为50.53％,对照组Ct检出率为21.20％,Uu检出率为7.77％,两者比较差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05);观察组随着官颈糜烂程度加重,Ct的检出率分别为49.18％、70.00％、84.78％,Uu的检出率分别为40.98％、50.83％、61.96％,检出率逐渐增加,但差异无统计学意义.结论 Ct和Uu等性传播病原体感染与宫颈糜烂存在一定相关性.     

企业职工高尿酸血症与血压、血脂、血糖的相关性研究

目的探讨企业职工高尿酸血症（HUA）与血压、血脂、血糖的相关性,为企业进行健康管理提供依据。方法以中国石油长庆油田公司各下属企业为抽样单位,整群随机抽取2个单位,每个单位中所有的HUA者作为HUA组,共720人;同时在尿酸水平正常者中随机选取620人为正常组。通过Logistic回归分析HUA与年龄、性别、血压、血脂、血糖的关系。结果HUA合并高血压、高血脂、空腹m糖受损任意一项、两项、三项的比例均远高于正常组（OR值分别为：4．036,2．562,4．174）。多因素Logistic回归发现：男性、收缩压、总胆固醇、三酰甘油、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇是HUA的危险因素（OR值分别为7．736,2．309,1．721,2．761,1．411）;高密度脂蛋白胆固醇为HUA的保护因素（OR值为0．211）。结论HUA存在性别差异,且与血压、血脂密切相关。企业对职工的健康管理应充分考虑多危险因素的综合作用,全面的进行健康教育及干预。     

癌缺氧病因及预防和治疗

目的 探讨癌及安阳林州市食管癌高发原因及癌病因预防和治疗措施.方法 对林州市食管癌等疾病现场进行调查,在进行10余年统计分析基础上,综合分析了全国156篇文献成果.结果 提出癌缺氧病因学说,使用制氧机、按摩器、饮用纯净水治疗恶性肿瘤,取得良好效果,改水能够大幅降低林州市居民食管癌发病率、死亡率.结论 癌可能是由于机体长...     

Recruitment and retention challenges and successes

Objective: Addressing health disparities requires well designed, culturally adapted research. However, recruiting/retaining minority participants has often been challenging. We present strategies used to successfully recruit and retain rural Hispanic women during a breastfeeding education intervention.

Design: This study involved a two-group repeated measures quasi-experimental design with assessments at seven intervals between enrollment and 6 months postpartum. Participants (Hispanic women?≥?15 years old) were recruited through a regional hospital.

Results: We successfully met our recruitment goals, most women contacted were enrolled (46 of 58), and 100% completed the study.

Discussion: Research staff with ties within the community helped establish trust. Using bilingual study materials, simple language, and an interpreter addressed language/literacy concerns. Phone assessments facilitated participation as transportation was an issue. Accommodating requests to deliver or mail study materials and providing incentives were important. Extra effort was needed to maintain contact when phone service was disrupted or participants moved. Keys to success were persistence, flexibility, and alleviating barriers to participation.     

初产妇与经产妇焦虑抑郁状态分析及干预

目的：分析初产妇、经产妇心理状态特点,以便采取更有效的干预措施。方法筛选2014年6月至2015年1月在咸阳市旬邑县妇幼保健院产科门诊产前检查的健康初产和经产妇各60名,孕周为28~40周。入组时用焦虑自评量表( SAS)、抑郁自评量表(SDS)对两组孕妇进行心理评定,并给1次支持性心理干预(40~60分钟),1周后再次用SAS、SDS对两组孕妇进行评定分析。结果经产妇干预前SAS(50.73±3.45)、SDS(49.13±3.86)评分明显高于初产妇SAS(42.45±2.08)、SDS(41.77±2.21),差异均有统计学意义(t值分别为-15.921、-12.817,均P<0.01);干预后两组SAS、SDS评分均比干预前明显降低,差异均有统计学意义(t值分别为14.999、15.413;15.724、15.832,均P<0.01);干预后经产妇 SAS(38.61±5.02)、SDS(39.10±3.03)评分明显高于初产妇SAS(34.88±3.31)、SDS(32.01±4.27),差异均有统计学意义(t值分别为-4.805、-10.489,均P<0.01)。结论初产妇和经产妇均伴有焦虑、抑郁情绪,干预前后经产妇抑郁、焦虑情绪均较初产妇明显,支持性心理干预能有效改善孕妇的不良情绪。     

Continuity and change in neighborhood disadvantage and adolescent depression and anxiety

We used data from the Fragile Families and Child Wellbeing Study which includes a sample of adolescents of age 15 at the most recent wave (between 2014 and 2017) from mainly low-income urban families in the United States, to examine the association between neighborhood poverty entries and exits and adolescent depression and anxiety. In addition, we examined whether these associations differed by gender. Adolescents who consistently lived in disadvantaged neighborhoods had the highest level of depression and anxiety. Those who entered poor neighborhoods were more depressed than those who never lived in poor neighborhoods. Those who exited poor neighborhoods showed no significant difference in depression and anxiety compared to those never lived in poor neighborhoods. Furthermore, these associations applied to adolescent girls only and were not statistically significant for boys. The results suggest that neighborhood poverty has cumulative negative impacts on adolescent mental health and disproportionally affects adolescent girls. Reducing neighborhood poverty would substantially improve the health of adolescents, especially girls, which would reduce health disparities.     

Enabling positive change: Progress and setbacks in HIV and sexual and reproductive health and rights

At a point in history when the future of sexual and reproductive health including HIV looks particularly uncertain, it is helpful to recognise that many of the challenges currently faced are neither new nor insurmountable. Reflecting on past achievements and lessons learned helps us to have confidence that positive change is feasible. This paper reflects on some of the changes observed in countries like India and Mozambique and identifies a range of factors which need to coalesce to enable these developments, along with specific contextual factors. It is the combination of these influences rather than any one of them alone that brought about the change in the three instances described – fostering a positive political response to HIV in its early years in India; bringing about policy reform on abortion in Mozambique; and increasing contraceptive prevalence and age at marriage in some districts in Bihar, India. Change is always fragile and susceptible to setbacks, but change-seekers can learn in the process and gain renewed hope that progress can and often does take place if they persevere.     

儿童青少年超重肥胖评价方法及SPSS和SAS实现

超重肥胖已成为世界各国儿童青少年面临的重大公共卫生问题之一。现行的儿童青少年超重肥胖筛查标准不统一,逐条评价或自行编写程序容易出错且效率较低。本研究以中国学龄儿童青少年超重与肥胖筛查标准为例,详细介绍了国际和中国共四种评价儿童青少年超重肥胖的方法和步骤,结合具体案例详细介绍其应用方法,同时编制SPSS和SAS程序包和解...     

Car ownership and the association between fruit and vegetable availability and diet

Objective

Nearly all research on the food environment and diet has not accounted for car ownership — a potential key modifying factor. This study examined the modifying effect of car ownership on the relationship between neighborhood fruit and vegetable availability and intake.

Methods

Data on respondents' (n = 760) fruit and vegetable intake, car ownership, and demographics came from the 2008 New Orleans Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System. Shelf space data on fresh, frozen, and canned fruits and vegetables were collected in 2008 from a random sample of New Orleans stores (n = 114). Availability measures were constructed by summing the amount of fruit and vegetable shelf space in all stores within defined distances from respondent households. Regression analyses controlled for demographics and were run separately for respondents with and without a car.

Results

Fruit and vegetable availability was positively associated with intake among non-car owners. An additional 100 m of shelf space within 2 km of a residence was predictive of a half-serving/day increase in fruit and vegetable intake. Availability was not associated with intake among car owners.

Conclusions

Future research and interventions to increase neighborhood healthy food options should consider car ownership rates in their target areas as an important modifying factor.