探讨脑电图检查在病毒性脑炎中诊断及预后的应用价值

目的:为了探讨脑电图监测在病毒性脑炎诊断及预后的应用价值.方法:在我院选取自2016年5月至2017年5月所收治的临床资料完整并经临床确诊的60例患有病毒性脑炎的病人进行24h动态脑电图(AEEG)监测,和我们常规的脑电图检查(REEG)这两者的检查结果进行对比.结果:REEG痫样放电检出率(30.00％)和脑电图异常率(50.0％)相较于AEEG(80.0％、70.0％)都要低上一些,其差异都是具有统计学意义(P<0.05).AEEG监测脑电图正常8例并没有后遗症和死亡的现象出现,脑电图异常程度与预后大致是平行的;在这中间有48例痫样放电清醒时出现17例,睡眠中出现31例,其差异句有有统计学意义(P<0.05).结论:与常规脑电图检查REEG相比较来说,AEEG监测对病毒性脑炎脑电图异常的检测更为敏感,能够更准确进行预后评估,其检测结果和临床病情、预后具有较高的一致性,对评估预后程度及判断疾病严重有很高的价值.     

诊断异型癫痫动态脑电图监测的意义

目的 提高对异型癫痫的临床认识,探讨动态脑电图(AEEG)在异型癫痫诊断中的作用.方法 通过对286例临床疑诊为异型癫痫的病人,进行常规脑电图(REEG)及AEEG描记.结果 REEG检查正常224例(78.3%),异常62例(21.7%).AEEG检查正常172例(60.1%),异常114例(39.9%).2组异常率差异有统计学意义,χ2=22.19,P＜0.01.结论 充分认识异型癫痫的临床及实质性分类,并对临床疑似异型癫痫,而REEG未能显示痫样波发放者,应及早做AEEG监测,以便早期确诊.     

动态脑电图监测青少年偏头痛的临床价值

目的 探讨动态脑电图(AEEG)对青少年偏头痛患者的诊断价值.方法 84例青少年偏头痛患者(偏头痛组)行AEEG描记和经颅多普勒超声(TCD)检查,对其AEEG资料进行分析,并与84例健康体检者(对照组)AEEG资料进行对比.结果 偏头痛组AEEG检查异常率为57.1％(48/84),低于TCD检查的73.8％(62/84),差异有统计学意义(x2=5.161,P＜0.05).48例异常AEEG偏头痛患者中,界限性17例(20.2％,17/84),轻度异常27例(32.1％,27/84),中度异常4例(4.8％,4/84).偏头痛组AEEG异常率为57.1％(48/84),明显高于对照组的7.1％(6/84),差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).结论 AEEG可了解脑功能状况,且方法简便、无创,适合青少年应用,但AEEG缺乏特异性,只能作为青少年偏头痛诊断的辅助检查工具.     

脑电图对病毒性脑膜炎的诊断意义及价值

目的:探讨脑电图在病毒性脑膜炎患者中的应用价值及意义,为早期诊断、及早治疗积累经验。方法:收集2015年7月～2017年3月门诊及住院部收治并确诊为病毒性脑膜炎患者100例,所有患者均接受CT检查、脑脊液和脑电图的检查,比较三种检查方式诊断准确率,同时根据脑电图诊断结果,以脑电图异常程度为分组标准,将患者分为轻度、中度、重度三组,治疗结束后,比较三组患者治疗效果和预后情况。结果:脑电图与脑脊液的阳性率比较,前者明显高于后者,差异有统计学意义(x~2=17.740,P0.05);脑电图与CT的阳性率比较,前者明显高于后者,差异有统计学意义(x~2=9.519,P0.05)。脑电图异常者,轻、中、重度治疗总有效率分别为100%、95.45%、71.43%,两两比较,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:对病毒性脑炎患者实施脑电图监测,能在发病早期发现异常状况,能为早期诊断提供更具客观性的参考依据。     

55例病毒性脑炎脑电图诊断分析

目的探讨脑电图（EEG）对病毒性脑炎的诊断价值。方法回顾分析55例病毒性脑炎患者的I临床资料和检查结果。结果所有病例均在入院当天内做了脑电图检查,异常53例（96．36％）,其中轻度异常33例,中度异常15例,重度异常5例。经过治疗后复查脑电图．脑电图好转情况和临床好转情况相吻合。结论病毒性脑炎患者脑电图异常率高,脑电图检查对儿童病毒性脑炎的诊断具有重要的价值。     

132例癫痫患儿动态脑电图和常规脑电图监测结果对比分析

目的分析对癫痫患儿动态脑电图(AEEG)和常规脑电图(REEG)监测的价值。方法对132例癫痫患儿作动态脑电图和常规脑电图监测。结果 AEEG显示异常105例(79.55%),REEG显示异常48例(36.36%)。结论 AEEG在监测癫痫患儿脑电异常活动方面优于REEG,可为临床诊治癫痫提供依据。     

40例儿童病毒性脑炎伴发癫痫临床特点及脑电图分析

目的 探讨儿童病毒性脑炎伴发癫痫的临床特点及脑电图变化情况.方法 对确诊为病毒性脑炎伴发癫痫的普通组24例和重症组16例患儿,采用国际10/20系统放置头皮电极进行16导床旁脑电图描记.结果 脑电图显示普通组正常、边缘状态、轻度异常、中度异常分别为16.7%、8.3%、50.0%、25.0%;重症组轻、中、重度异常分别占6.2%、62.5%和31.3%;两组比较,差异有统计学意义.普通组脑电图提示轻、中度异常,重症组脑电图均提示中、重度异常.结论 病毒性脑炎伴发癫痫临床表现越重,脑电波越差,痫样放电频率越高,脑电图对于病毒性脑炎伴发癫痫在疾病急性期病情判断具有一定的指导意义.     

脑电图在脑炎诊断中的应用价值及准确性分析

目的：分析脑电图在脑炎诊断中的应用价值及准确性。方法：选取2020年1月～2022年12月本院收治的98例疑似病毒性脑炎患者作为研究对象，给予常规脑电图检查、动态脑电图检查，最终均行脑脊液诊断并以此为标准。结果：98例疑似脑炎患者经脑脊液诊断确诊为病毒性脑炎有89例(90.82%)，经常规脑电图诊断确诊为病毒性脑炎有80例(81.63%)，经动态脑电图诊断确诊为病毒性脑炎有88例(89.80%)，两者病毒性脑炎检出率相比无差异(χ²=3.667,P>0.05)；常规脑电图、动态脑电图灵敏度、准确度使用χ²检验对比有差异(P<0.05)，特异度使用Fisher精确检验对比无差异(P>0.05)；对比常规脑电图与动态脑电图检测脑炎为轻、重度无差异(P>0.05)，检测脑炎为中度有差异(P<0.05)。结论：脑电图可作为临床诊断脑炎的辅助检测手段，相较于常规脑电图，动态脑电图的诊断效能更高，且对诊断中度脑炎更有价值。     

动态脑电图和脑干听觉诱发电位在新生儿缺血缺氧性脑病的诊断价值研究

目的 探讨动态脑电图和脑干听觉诱发电位在新生儿缺血缺氧性脑病(hypoxic ischemic encelphalopathy,HIE)的诊断价值。方法 收集2011年1月-2012年12月在盛京医院新生儿病房住院的HIE患儿的临床资料,共47例,作为病例组,选择同期因黄疸住院的患儿作为对照组,比较两组动态脑电图(ambulatory electroencephalogram,AEEG)及脑干听觉诱发电位(brain auditory evoked potential,BAEP)结果的异常率及异常程度。结果 病例组患儿的动态脑电图异常率为100%,其中轻度21例,中度17例,重度9例,与对照组相比有统计学差异,且AEEG的异常程度与临床表现的严重性呈正相关,而BAEP的异常率为55.3%,其中轻度21例,中度5例,与对照组相比差异无统计学意义。结论 AEEG和BAEP作为两种无创性的神经电生理检查对于早期发现HIE患儿脑及脑干损伤程度具有重要的临床诊断价值。     

动态脑电图监测对癫痫诊断和鉴别诊断的意义

目的探索24h动态脑电图(AEEG)对癫痫诊断和鉴别诊断的意义。方法对225例临床确诊为癫痫及121例非癫痫性发作性疾病患者的AEEG诊断行回顾性分析。结果AEEG与EEG的异常率及痫样放电检出率均有非常显著性差异(P<0.01)。AEEG描记中睡眠期痫样放电检出比清醒期增加15.6%,且57.8%出现在NREM1～2期。癫痫组与非癫痫组两组之间异常率和痫样放电检出率均有显著性差异(P<0.05)。睡眠纺锤波的缺如及减弱,对癫痫患者具有重要的脑电图意义。AEEG可以记录到癫痫发作起始时的波形变化。结论AEEG对癫痫的诊断、鉴别诊断和治疗有重要意义。     

Calcium intake in the elderly: validation of a dietary questionnaire

Epidemiological studies of calcium and osteoporosis have been hampered by the lack of a suitable tool for assessing calcium intake. This report describes a new frequency and amount questionnaire for measuring present and past calcium intake in the elderly. The validity of the questionnaire was tested against two commonly used standards of dietary assessment, five-day duplicate diets and seven-day weighed dietary inventories. The resulting correlation coefficients were, respectively, r = 0.76 and r = 0.69, while that for repeatability was r = 0.84. Furthermore, the questionnaire categorized subjects into thirds of the distribution of intake with almost no gross misclassification. It is suggested that the present findings may be extended to the majority of normal, healthy elderly subjects, implying wide application for the questionnaire in the assessment of calcium intake in the elderly.     

Self-reported health problems among Swedish miners one year after unemployment

Unemployment is considered to be a public health concern sincedeterioration in the health of the unemployed is often anticipated.However, for some groups, such as miners, unemployment mightimprove health due to a cessation of potentially harmful occupationalexposures. This study evaluates the health of 79 miners in oneSwedish iron-ore mine, and 226 age-matched controls from thegeneral population, during one year after the closure of themine. The participants received a questionnaire regarding medicalhistory and subjective symptoms at the beginning of the studyperiod, and after one year. Statistically significant negativeeffects on self-reported health attributable to unemploymentwere not found, although neuropsychiatric symptoms were morecommon among the unemployed miners. The miners reported a statisticallysignificant improvement in grip force (p=0.031). They had asignificantly higher prevalence of symptoms associated withmining related exposures when compared with the population controls;pain in the upper extremities [relative risk (RR)=2.27, 95%confidence interval (Cl)=1.44–3.59), back pain (RR=1.84;Cl=1.237–2.75), vasospastic disease of the fingers (RR=2.05;Cl=1.18–3.57) and obstructive respiratory symptoms (attacksof dyspnea and wheezing: RR=3.67; Cl=1.167–11.6).     

Excès de cas humains et animaux de tularémie en France au cours de l’hiver 2007–2008 : émergence ou phénomène isolé ?

Context

Tularemia is a zoonosis affecting humans and hares in France. We describe the results of surveillance in both species, in 2007 and 2008.

Methods

Human tularemia cases are mandatorily notifiable in France since 2003. In hares, surveillance relies on volunteer hunter associations in all districts of the country. Data from mandatory reports and volunteer surveillance in 2007/2008 were analyzed and compared with previous results.

Results

In 2007/2008, 144 cases were reported in humans and 117 cases in hares. This was a 100% increase compared to previous years. Human cases differed from those of previous years only by the frequency of contact with breeding animals. Human cases without any documented risk exposure were also more frequent.

Conclusion

An increase of tularemia cases occurred in 2007/2008 in both species. Complementary studies are needed to identify the species reservoir in France to understand the causes of this peak of cases.     

Occupational health hazards in mining: an overview

This review article outlines the physical, chemical, biological, ergonomic and psychosocial occupational health hazards of mining and associated metallurgical processes. Mining remains an important industrial sector in many parts of the world and although substantial progress has been made in the control of occupational health hazards, there remains room for further risk reduction. This applies particularly to traumatic injury hazards, ergonomic hazards and noise. Vigilance is also required to ensure exposures to coal dust and crystalline silica remain effectively controlled.     

Manufacture and use of nanomaterials: current status in the UK and global trends

This paper provides an overview of the production and use of nanomaterials (NMs), particularly in the UK. Currently, relatively few companies in the UK are identifiable as NM manufacturers, the main emphasis being the bulk markets in metals and metal oxides, and some niche markets such as carbon nanotubes and quantum dots. NM manufacturing in the UK does not reflect the global emphasis on fullerenes, nanotubes and fibres. Some assumptions have been made about the types of NM that are likely to be imported into the UK, which currently include fullerenes, modified fullerenes and other carbon-based NMs including nanotubes. Many university departments, spin-offs and private companies have developed processes for the manufacture of NMs but may only be producing small quantities for research and development (R&D) purposes. However, some have the potential to scale up to produce large quantities. The nanotechnology industry in the UK has strong R&D backup from universities and related institutions. This review has covered R&D trends at such institutions, and appropriate information has been added to a searchable database. While several companies are including NMs in their products, only a few (e.g. manufacturers of paints, coatings, cosmetics, catalysts, polymer composites) are using nanoparticles (NPs) in any significant quantities. However, this situation is likely to change rapidly. There is a need to collect more information about exposure to NPs in both manufacturing and user scenarios. As the market grows, and as manufacturers switch from the micro- to the nanoscale, the potential for exposure will increase. More research is required to quantify any risks to workers and consumers.     

深圳公立医院管理体制改革制度设计

深圳公立医院管理体制改革实行政事分开、管办分开,在理事会架构下按法定机构模式组建市医管中心,落实公立医院运营管理自主权.作者从当前公立医院管理体制的弊端入手,介绍了深圳市进行公立医院管理体制改革的基本思路及改革方案设计的主要举措,深入剖析了的改革方案的特点,并对改革效果进行了预测.     

Effects of nitrogen dioxide on red blood cells of rats: Changes in components of red cell membranes during in vivo exposure to NO2

Red cell membranes, prepared from red blood cells of rats exposed to 4, 10, or 20 ppm nitrogen dioxide (NO₂) for 1 to 10 days, were examined for evidence of changes in membrane components. Appreciable changes were not found in contents of phospholipid and cholesterol during exposure to 10 ppm NO₂. By contrast, protein content altered with the time of exposure. Moreover, changes in protein composition were observed by employing sodium dodecyl sulfate — polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Twenty-four-hour exposure to NO₂ at the concentration above 10 ppm resulted in a marked increase in the percentage of lysophosphatidylethanolamine (LysoPE) to the total phospholipids. The prolonged exposure to 10 ppm NO₂ gave rise to a further increase in LysoPE, whereas the percentage of phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) showed a gradual decrease. A 1-day exposure to 4.0 ppm NO₂ also caused an increase in sialic acid content and decreases in those of PE and hexose. In addition to contents of these components the percentage of LysoPE increased 5 days after exposure and the elevated values were maintained up to the end of exposure period. These results demonstrate that red blood cells in circulation exhibit different membrane properties in terms of lipid and carbohydrate composition during 10 days of exposure to 4.0 ppm NO₂.     

Investigating clusters in the workplace and beyond

Clusters of disease are common and occur in the workplace and in the general community. They often arouse considerable concern among the population. Investigations have sometimes lead to exciting new knowledge, but in general the investigation of clusters is difficult and often unrewarding, especially for community clusters. In the workplace, investigations are more likely to find associations and even new causes, but still many clusters remain enigmatic. Despite this, there are many reasons for investigating clusters, including allaying community concern and identifying uncontrolled exposures. A structure for investigating clusters in the workplace is suggested.