应变率成像和定量组织速度成像评价2型糖尿病患者左室舒张功能

目的探讨应变率成像(SRI)和定量组织速度成像技术(QTVI)评价2型糖尿病患者左室舒张功能的应用价值。方法选取无高血压、冠心病及其他心脏病变的糖尿病患者32例,健康人26例(正常对照组),收集研究对象相关的临床资料。应用SRI获得左室六个壁中间和基底段的舒张早期峰值应变率(SRe)及晚期应变率(SRa),QTVI获得二尖瓣环的舒张早期峰值速度(Ve)及晚期峰值速度(Va),并计算SRe/SRa及Ve/Va。比较两组的测量结果。结果两组左室各节段SRe及SRe/SRa和Ve及Ve/Va之间的差异有显著性。SRe与Ve之间有高度相关性,SRe/SRa与Ve/Va呈中度相关性。结论SRI和QTVI技术能准确地定量糖尿病患者舒张期左室局部心肌应变率及二尖瓣环运动速度,为无创检测左室舒张功能提供了新方法。     

组织速度成像与应变率成像技术评价尿毒症患者左室舒张功能

目的:运用定量组织速度成像(QTVI)和应变率成像(SRI)技术定量分析尿毒症患者左室舒张功能,探讨两种技术在评价尿毒症患者心脏舒张功能中的价值及其左室舒张功能受损的可能机制。方法:尿毒症患者35例,对照组20例分别行常规超声心动图与彩色组织速度成像(TVI)检查。获取心尖四腔、两腔TVI图像,存盘,脱机分析左室后室间隔、侧壁、前壁、下壁基底部及中部心内膜下心肌节段QTVI及SRI曲线。QTVI测量参数:①舒张早期峰值速度(Ve);②舒张晚期峰值速度(Va);计算Ve/Va。SRI测量参数:①舒张早期峰值应变(SRe);②舒张晚期峰值应变(SRa);计算SRe/SRa。结果:根据常规超声心动图测得左室射血分数(EF),将尿毒症患者分为EF正常组与EF降低组;与对照组比较,尿毒症EF正常组及EF降低组左室壁Ve、Ve/Va及SRe、SRe/SRa均显著降低;尿毒症组左室壁Ve、SRe与收缩压、血浆甲状旁腺素(PTH)水平呈显著负相关。结论:QTVI和SRI技术可有效评价尿毒症患者舒张功能;尿毒症患者左室舒张功能异常可能与其血压增高及高血浆PTH水平有关。     

斑点追踪显像技术与实时三平面定量组织速度成像技术评价高血压患者左室舒张功能

目的探讨斑点追踪显像(STI)技术和实时三平面(RT-3PE)定量组织速度成像(QTVI)技术评价高血压患者左室舒张功能的应用价值。方法收集32例高血压病患者(高血压病组)和40例正常人(正常组)的临床资料。应用STI技术获得左室6个壁基底段、中间段、心尖段的舒张早期峰值应变率(Sre)、舒张晚期峰值应变率(Sra),并分别计算平均峰值应变率(mSre、mSra)及mSre/mSra;用RT-3PE QTVI技术测得左室6个壁基底段、中间段的舒张早期峰值速度(Ve)、舒张晚期峰值速度(Va),并计算平均组织速度(mVe、mVa)以及mVe/mVa,进行分析比较。结果与正常组比较,高血压病组的Ve、Sre明显降低,Va及大部分节段Sra升高,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),mVe/mVa、mSre/mSra较正常组显著降低,而mSra升高,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论 RT-3PE QTVI技术和STI技术能准确地测量高血压病患者舒张期左室壁运动速度及左室心肌应变率,为无创检测高血压病患者左室舒张功能提供了新方法。     

Left ventricular diastolic function in patients with essential hypertension with speckle tracking and real-time three-plane quantitative tissue velocity imaging

目的 探讨斑点追踪显像(STI)技术和实时三平面(RT-3PE)定量组织速度成像(QTVI)技术评价高血压患者左室舒张功能的应用价值.方法 收集32例高血压病患者(高血压病组)和40例正常人(正常组)的临床资料.应用STI技术获得左室6个壁基底段、中间段、心尖段的舒张早期峰值应变率(Sre)、舒张晚期峰值应变率(Sra),并分别计算平均峰值应变率(mSre、mSra)及mSre/mSra;用RT-3PE QTVI技术测得左室6个壁基底段、中间段的舒张早期峰值速度(Ve)、舒张晚期峰值速度(Va),并计算平均组织速度(mVe、mVa)以及mVe/mVa,进行分析比较.结果 与正常组比较,高血压病组的Ve、Sre明显降低,Va及大部分节段Sra升高,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05),mVe/mVa、mSre/mSra较正常组显著降低,而mSra升高,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).结论 RT-3PE QTVI技术和STI技术能准确地测量高血压病患者舒张期左室壁运动速度及左室心肌应变率,为无创检测高血压病患者左室舒张功能提供了新方法.     

定量组织速度成像用于左室舒张功能的评价

目的 应用定量组织速度成像（QTVI）测定二尖瓣环运动速度评价高血压病患者左室舒张功能。方法 应用定量组织速度成像测定30例正常人和60例高血压病患者的二尖瓣环舒张早期峰值速度（Ve）、左房收缩期峰值速度（Va），计算Ve／Va比值；并用脉冲多普勒测定二尖瓣口舒张早期峰值血流速度E峰、舒张晚期峰值血流速度A峰，计算E／A值。结果 正常组舒张早期峰值速度（E）〉左房收缩期峰值速度（A），E／A〉1；二尖瓣环舒张早期峰值速度（Ve）〉左房收缩期峰值速度（Va），Ve／Va〉1，高血压病人组二尖瓣口血流频谱及二尖瓣环运动组织速度成像测值差异有显著性，高血压组中二尖瓣环运动速度Ve／Va与二尖瓣血流频谱V／A差异无显著性。但在检出病例中QTVI明显优于血流频谱。结论 应用定量组织速度成像测定二尖瓣口运动速度能较准确估计高血压病患者左室舒张功能。     

小剂量多巴酚丁胺负荷试验中应变率显像与组织速度显像技术评价存活心肌舒张功能

目的:使用应变率显像(SRI)与组织速度显像(TVI)技术检测小剂量多巴酚丁胺负荷超声试验(LDDSE)中陈旧性心肌梗死(OMI)患者左室节段舒张功能变化,探讨SRI及TVI技术检测OMI患者存活心肌的临床价值。方法:对25例OMI患者分别于静息及5,10μg/(kg.min)多巴酚丁胺负荷时获取心尖两腔、三腔、四腔TVI图像存盘,脱机分析左室前壁、下壁、前室间隔、后壁、后室间隔、侧壁基底段、中段心内膜下心肌SRI及TVI参数:①SRI测量参数:舒张早期峰值应变率(SRe),舒张晚期峰值应变率(SRa),计算舒张早、晚期峰值应变率比值(SRe/SRa);②TVI测量参数:舒张早期峰值运动速度(Ve),舒张晚期峰值运动速度(Va),计算舒张早、晚期峰值运动速度比值(Ve/Va)。于经皮腔内冠状动脉成形术(PTCA)后4-6周复查常规超声心动图,根据室壁运动分析方法计分判别存活心肌。结果:静息状态下,与正常节段比较,存活心肌组与非存活心肌组SRe、Ve均显著减低(P<0.05),存活心肌组与非存活心肌组之间SRe、Ve则无显著差异。与静息状态比较,5,10μg/(kg.min)负荷时,存活心肌组各室壁节段SRe、SRe/SRa、Ve、Ve/Va均显著增加,而非存活心肌组上述各指标均无明显改变(P>0.05);5μg/(kg.min)负荷时,以SRe≥1.21 s-1,Ve≥5.98 cm/s为截断值,与Ve比较,SRe识别存活心肌的敏感性、特异性显著增加;10μg/(kg.min)负荷时,与Ve比较,SRe识别存活心肌的敏感性与特异性无差别。结论:使用SRI及TVI技术可在LDDSE中定量评价OMI患者心肌舒张功能,具有较高的敏感性及特异性,但5μg/(kg.min)负荷时SRe的敏感性及特异性更高。     

四种多普勒成像技术在冠状动脉狭窄与病变心肌检测中的价值

目的探讨左室局部心肌收缩和舒张速度、形变、位移及同步性变化与冠状动脉狭窄程度的关系。方法应用定量组织速度成像(QTVI)、应变率成像(SRI)、组织追踪(TT)和组织同步化成像(TSI)定量分析19例冠状动脉粥样硬化性心脏病(简称冠心病)患者和21名正常人左室局部心肌收缩期(Vs)、舒张早期(Ve)和舒张晚期峰值速度(Va);收缩末期(εsys)、峰值(εp)和收缩后应变(εps)及R波至峰值应变的时间(T-εp);收缩期(SRs)、等容舒张期(SRir)、舒张早期(SRe)及舒张晚期应变率(SRa);收缩期峰值位移(Ds)、R波至收缩期位移峰值的时间(T-ds)及收缩达峰时间(Ts)等指标。结果在中重度狭窄者中SRs(-0.79±0.69)s-1、SRir(-0.34±0.87)s-1、SRe(0.51±0.64)s-1及Vs(3.79±1.66)cm/s、Ve(-4.58±1.85)cm/s、Ds(7.84±2.94)cm/s较对照组SRs(-1.02±0.53)s-1、SRir(0.067±0.53)s-1、SRe(1.13±0.62)s-1及Vs(5.50±1.79)cm/s、Ve(-6.50±2.8...     

定量组织速度成像评价甲亢患者左心室功能

目的::探讨定量组织速度成像(QTVI)技术评价甲亢患者左心室收缩和舒张功能的临床价值.方法:选取甲亢患者53例,根据甲亢性心脏病的临床诊断标准将其分为单纯甲亢32例和甲亢性心脏病21例,同时选取40例正常人作为对照组.常规超声心动图测量左房收缩末期最大内径(LAd)、左室舒张期末期最大内径(LVEDd)、左室后壁厚度(LVPWd)、左室射血分数(LVEF)以及二尖瓣口舒张早期峰值速度(E)、舒张晚期峰值速度(A)及其比值(E/A);运用QTVI对左心室各心肌节段的速度曲线进行分析,获得左心室心肌二尖瓣环处的收缩期峰值速度(Vs)、舒张早期峰值速度(Ve)和舒张晚期的峰值速度(Va)及其比值(Ve/Va).结果:与正常对照组相比,单纯甲亢组LAd、LVPWd及LVEF差异具有统计学意义(P＜0.05),甲亢心组LAd、LVEDd、E、A和E/A差异具有统计学意义(P＜0.05);QTVI测值比较:单纯甲亢组Vs、Va的测值与正常对照组比明显增高,Ve/Va与正常对照组比明显减低,差异均具有统计学意义(P＜0.01);甲亢心组测量Vs、Ve、Ve/Va与正常对照组比较均明显减低,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.01).结论:和常规超声参数相比,QTVI技术可定量检测甲亢所致的左心室收缩和舒张功能异常,Ve/Va是反映甲亢所致早期心脏心肌舒张功能损害的敏感性较好的指标,Vs是反映甲亢性心脏病患者左室收缩功能损害的敏感性指标.     

应变率成像定量分析心肌梗死患者PTCA术前后左心室局部舒缩功能

目的:采用应变率成像技术(SRI)定量观察心肌梗死患者PTCA术前后左室壁运动,探讨SRI技术在评价冠心病介入治疗疗效中的临床应用价值。方法:心梗组25例,正常对照组14例分别行常规超声心动图与彩色组织速度成像(TVI)检查。SRI测量参数:①收缩期峰值应变率(SRs);②舒张早期峰值应变率(SRe);③舒张晚期峰值应变率(SRa);④计算SRe/SRa。结果:PTCA术前,与对照组正常节段比较,心梗组运动异常节段SRs、SRe、SRe/SRa显著降低,运动正常节段SRs、SRe、SRe/SRa无显著变化;与运动正常节段比较,心梗组运动异常节段SRs、SRe、SRe/SRa显著降低。与PTCA术前比较,心梗组室壁运动改善节段SRs、SRe、SRe/SRa显著增加,室壁运动无改善节段SRs、SRe、SRe/SRa无显著改变。心梗组患者PTCA术前后二尖瓣口△E和所有室壁运动异常节段S△SRe呈显著正相关(r=0.63)。结论:SRI能准确检测出局部心肌功能异常及血运重建后心肌功能的恢复情况,可为临床评价冠脉血运重建术疗效提供准确敏感的量化指标。     

二维应变超声心动图评价2型糖尿病患者左心室舒张功能的应用价值

目的:探讨二维应变超声心动图(2-DSE)评价2型糖尿病(diabetes mellitus,DM)患者早期DM心肌病左心室舒张功能障碍的价值。方法:分别选取无高血压、冠心病及其他心脏病变的DM患者29例和健康人30名(对照组)。应用基于多普勒组织应变率成像和2-DSE获得左心室6个壁中间和基底段纵向舒张早期峰值应变率(SRe)及晚期应变率(SRa),并计算SRe/SRa;彩色多普勒常规测量二尖瓣口舒张早期最大血流速度(E)、二尖瓣口舒张晚期最大血流速度(A)及E/A;比较2组的测量结果。结果:DM组舒张期E峰、E/A、SRe、SRe/SRa较对照组明显减低(P < 0.01),2组左心室各节段SRe及SRe/SRa差异有统计学意义。结论:2-DSE能准确地定量测定DM患者左心室整体和局部心肌的应变率,发现早期DM心肌病左心室舒张功能障碍。     

Medical imaging

There is now a wide choice of medical imaging to show both focal and diffuse pathologies in various organs. Conventional radiology with plain films, fluoroscopy and contrast medium have many advantages, being readily available with low-cost apparatus and a familiarity that almost leads to contempt. The use of plain films in chest disease and in trauma does not need emphasizing, yet there are still too many occasions when the answer obtainable from a plain radiograph has not been available. The film may have been mislaid, or the examination was not requested, or the radiograph had been misinterpreted. The converse is also quite common. Examinations are performed that add nothing to patient management, such as skull films when CT will in any case be requested or views of the internal auditory meatus and heal pad thickness in acromegaly, to quote some examples. Other issues are more complicated. Should the patient who clinically has gall-bladder disease have more than a plain film that shows gall-stones? If the answer is yes, then why request a plain film if sonography will in any case be required to ''exclude'' other pathologies especially of the liver or pancreas? But then should cholecystography, CT or scintigraphy be added for confirmation? Quite clearly there will be individual circumstances to indicate further imaging after sonography but in the vast majority of patients little or no extra information will be added. Statistics on accuracy and specificity will, in the case of gall-bladder pathology, vary widely if adenomyomatosis is considered by some to be a cause of symptoms or if sonographic examinations ''after fatty meals'' are performed. The arguments for or against routine contrast urography rather than sonography are similar but the possibility of contrast reactions and the need to limit ionizing radiation must be borne in mind. These diagnostic strategies are also being influenced by their cost and availability; purely pragmatic considerations are not infrequently the overriding factor. Non-invasive methods will be preferred, particularly sonography as it is far more acceptable by not being claustrophobic and totally free of any known untoward effects. There is another quite different but unrelated aspect. The imaging methods, apart from limited exceptions, cannot characterize tissues as benign or malignant, granulomatous or neoplastic; cytology or histology usually provides the answer. Sonography is most commonly used to locate the needle tip correctly for percutaneous sampling of tissues. Frequently sonography with fine needle aspiration cytology or biopsy is the least expensive, safest and most direct route to a definitive diagnosis. Abscesses can be similarly diagnosed but with needles or catheters through which the pus can be drained. The versatility and mobility of sonography has spawned other uses, particularly for the very ill and immobile, for the intensive therapy units and for the operating theatre, as well in endosonography. The appointment of more skilled sonographers to the National Health Service could make a substantial contribution to cost-effective management of hospital services. Just when contrast agents and angiography have become safe and are performed rapidly, they are being supplanted by scanning methods. They are now mainly used for interventional procedures or of pre-operative ''road maps'' and may be required even less in the future as MRI angiography and Doppler techniques progress. MRI will almost certainly extent its role beyond the central nervous system (CNS) should the equipment become more freely available, especially to orthopaedics. Until then plain films, sonography or CT will have to suffice. Even in the CNS there are conditions where CT is more diagnostic, as in showing calculations in cerebral cysticercosis. Then, too, in most cases CT produces results comparable to MRI apart from areas close to bone, structures at the base of the brain, in the posterior fossa and in the spinal cord. Scintigraphy for pulmonary infarcts and bone metastases and in renal disease in children plays a prominent role and its scope has increased with new equipment and radionuclides. Radio-immunoscintigraphy in particular is likely to expand greatly not only in tumour diagnosis but also in metabolic and infective conditions. Whether the therapeutic implications will be realized is more problematic. The value of MRS and NM for metabolic studies in clinical practice is equally problematical, although the data from cerebral activity are extremely interesting. While scanning has replaced many radiographic examinations, endoscopy has had a similar effect on barium meals and to a lesser extent on barium enemas. The combined visual/sonographic endoscope is likely to accelerate this process. There is no doubt that over the last 2 decades medical imaging has changed the diagnostic process, but its influence on the outcome of disease other than infections is less certain and probably indefinable. Data concerning the comparative efficacy in terms of patient outcome for each of the imaging techniques would be of considerable interest and a great help in determining diagnostic strategies.     

比较影像学在医学影像学教学中的应用

随着医学影像学技术的迅猛发展，生物医学影像学的交叉融合日益明显，对医学影像学的传统教学模式提出了新的要求，比较影像学应运而生。将比较影像学的理念应用于医学影像学教学，可以改变传统的医学影像学教学模式，提高医学生的整体水平，促进医学影像学的发展。     

呼气相HRCT应用探讨

吸气相HRCT(高分辨CT)对于肺部疾病诊断的价值在临床上已经得到肯定。80年代后期出现了呼气相HRCT的研究。目前国内呼气相HRCT的研究主要集中在呼气相异常表现与肺功能的关系,有关国人呼气相HRCT的正常所见未见系统研究。拟通过28例正常受试者吸气相和呼气相HRCT检查,探讨呼气相HRCT的正常表现及相关指标,为呼气相HRCT在肺疾病诊断中的应用奠定基础。     

Diagnostic imaging, preautopsy imaging and autopsy findings of

Background Aquired immune deficiency syndrome （AIDS） presents a challenge to medical researchers because of its unique pathological and clinical picture. The clinical data, particularly autopsy evidence, from China have failed to provide enough pathological and etiological evidence for AIDS diagnosis, which impairs the reliability of the diagnosis and our full understanding of the occurrence and development of AIDS complications. The purpose of this study was to investigate the imaging and pathologic characteristics of AIDS. Methods Autopsy, imaging and pathological data from 8 cases of AIDS were retrospectively analyzed. Routine CT scanning of different body parts was performed during their periods of hospitalization. Transverse CT scanning was conducted from the skull to the pelvis immediately after the occurrence of death. After routine formalin fixing, 7 cardevers were cross sectioned for autopsy in freezing state and 1 for gross autopsy. Tissues were obtained from each section and organs for pathological examinations. Results The autopsy data indicated the presence of parasitic infections, bacterial infections, fungal infections, and virus infections in AIDS patients. Pneumocystis pneumonia, pulmonary tuberculosis, coccobacteria pneumonia, Aspergillus pneumonia, cytomegaJovirus pneumonia, toxoplasma encephalitis, lymphoma and cerebrovascular diseases were found in these patients. Conclusions During the course of AIDS progression, the concurrent multiple infections as well as tumor development may resuJt in multiple organ pathological changes and clinically complex symptoms that further complicate the imaging and pathological manifestations, thus resulting in difficult differential diagnosis. A combination of imaging data and autopsy data can help to clarify the diagnosis.     

一种新型的医学成像技术-热声成像

本文介绍了一种新型的医学成像技术--基于光声效应的热声断层成像.本文的介绍主要基于Kruger等人的研究[1],并包括相关的一些技术和原理,如分辨率和重建原理的数学推导及其应用前景的讨论.     

比较影像学在骨关节影像教学中的应用

从骨关节影像教学现状及现代医学影像学的特点出发,阐述了在骨关节影像教学中引人比较影像学理念的必要性,从教学方法应用、教学效果评价及展望等方面探讨比较影像学在骨关节影像教学中的应用。     

超声影像应变成像技术的临床应用研究进展

【摘要】 源于组织多普勒超声及斑点追踪的应变成像技术是评估心肌功能的一项重要技术,可以迅速、简便、无创、重复性定量分析室壁运动,评价局部心肌功能、血供情况、心肌活力,对节段性心肌缺血的识别、心脏功能的检测及心脏同步性运动的研究具有重要意义。能发现早期心脏病变,评估心脏手术预后等。在心血管疾病的诊断和治疗方面具有较高的临床应用价值。本文就超声应变成像的成像原理、临床应用研究进展及局限性做一综述。