立体定向放射治疗联合全脑照射治疗脑转移瘤

目的分析立体定向放射治疗（SRT）联合全脑照射治疗（WBRT）脑转移瘤的效果,探讨不同的治疗方式对治疗效果的影响。方法全脑放疗加SRT治疗18例脑转移瘤,单用SRT治疗4例,共32个病灶。8例先行SRT后再行全脑照射,10例先行全脑照射后再行SRT。SRT用直线加速器6mV-X线实施治疗,处方剂量20～34cy,分次照射;全脑照射用6mV-X射线,DT18～30Gy／4～5周。结果SRT加全脑照射组CR＋PR96．5％,与单纯SRT组为71．5％,两组无显著性差异（T0=6．008,P〉0.05）。SRT加全脑照射组复发率为13．8％,中位复发时间为10．7个月,中位生存时间为13．5个月;与单纯的SRT组的42．9％,4个月。6．5个月相比,差异有显著意义（x^2=3．248,P〈0.05）。两组一年生存率分别是63.9％、41.2％,无显著性差异（x^2=1．084,P〉0.05）。治疗失败的原因为肿瘤复发或全身转移。结论SRT加全脑照射在脑转移瘤治疗中,能够延长生存时间。     

立体定向放疗与全脑放疗局限性脑转移瘤的疗效预后分析

【目的】探讨立体定向放射治疗（SRT）与全脑放射治疗（WBRT）在局限性脑转移瘤治疔中的疗效和预后,为合理应用SRT和WBRT提供依据。【方法】选择2000年1月～2005年12月收治的转移灶≤4个且最大径≤4cm脑转移患者60例,按照原发肿瘤类型（肺癌和非肺癌）、脑转移灶数目（单发和2—4个）、有无颅外转移和化疗与否四项因素进行匹配设计分为WBRT加SRT、单纯SRT和单纯WBRT治疗组．三组的治疗齐0量分别为WBRT30～36Gy＋SRT18～20Gy、SRT28～32Gy和WBRT30～40Gy,分析全组以及据原发肿瘤类型、脑转移灶数目、有无颅外转移亚组不同治疗方法在局部控制率、局部新病灶发生率（x^2检验）和生存率（Kaplan—Meier法和Log—rank检验）的差异。【结果】全组局部控制率与局部新病灶发生率分别为80．0％（48／60）和20．0％（12／60）。全组患者中位生存时间13个月（3～36月）,第1、2年生存率分别是38．1％和14.3％。WBRT加SRT、单纯SRT和单纯WBRT治疗组的局部控制率分别为95．0％、80．0％和60．0％（P〈0．05）,而局部新病灶发生率则分别为15．0％、35．0％和10．0％（P〈0．05）。WBRT加SRT、单纯SRT和单纯WBRT治疗组的中位生存期分别为8、9和6个月,生存分析未显示不同治疗方法影响生存预后（P〉0．05）,分层分析亦未显示不同治疗方法在不同原发肿瘤亚组中影响生存预后（P〉0．05）,然而在单发脑转移患者和无颅外转移患者中,WBRT加SRT和单纯SRT治疗组的生存预后优于单纯WBRT治疗组,中位生存期分别为23、16和5个月（P〈0．05）,以及12、9和5个月（P〈0．05）。【结论】SRT可明显改善局限性脑转移瘤患者的局部控制率,但未行WBRT治疗的患者局部新发脑转移率明显增加。在预后较好的单发脑转移瘤患者和无颅外转移患者中,联合应用SRT和WBRT能显著提高生存率。     

脑转移瘤立体定向放疗的临床对比研究

目的对比分析X线立体定向分次放射治疗（FSRT）加全脑放疗与单纯FSRT和单纯全脑放疗对颅内脑转移瘤的疗效及影响。方法颅内脑转移瘤患者40例，12例行FSRT加全脑放疗，单纯FSRT8例，单纯全脑放疗20例。FS-RT等中心剂量16～24Gy／1周，全脑放疗30—40Gy／3—4周。单纯全脑放疗30～40Gy／3～4周后缩野加量10～18G：y／1～2周。结果FSRT加全脑放疗中位生存期10个月，完全缓解（CR＋PR）91．7％。1年生存率50％，局部复发率16．7％。单纯FSRT，中位生存期8个月，（CR＋PR）100％；1年生存率37．5％，局部复发率12．5％。全脑放疗中位生存时问3．5个月，（CR4＋PR）50％，1年生存率10％，局部复发率60％。FSRT加全脑放疗和FSRT分别与全脑放疗方法疗效比，经统计学处理几项指标差异均有显著性。结论FSRT加全脑放疗和FSRT对颅内脑转移瘤在局控率、1年生存率、中位生存时间以及实体瘤客观疗效评价等方面均优于单纯全脑放射治疗。     

γ线立体定向放射治疗脑转移瘤的疗效

目的 :比较γ线立体定向放射治疗 (SRT)加全脑放疗与常规放疗脑转移瘤的疗效。方法 :采用SRT +全脑放疗脑转移瘤 43例 ,常规放疗脑转移瘤 5 0例。SRT周边剂量 15～ 2 7Gy,全脑放疗 30～ 40Gy。结果 :SRT +全脑放疗组病人 1年生存率和中位生存时间及肿瘤局控率均较常规放疗组增高或延长 (P <0 .0 1)。死亡原因中 ,SRT +全脑放疗组死于脑转移者较常规放疗组低 (P <0 .0 5 )。结论 :SRT +全脑放疗治疗脑转移瘤的疗效优于常规放疗。     

X线立体定向放射治疗脑转移瘤48例疗效观察

目的：评价X线立体定向放射治疗脑转移瘤的临床疗效。方法：对22例脑转移瘤患者采用单纯立体定向放射治疗（SRT），26例脑转移瘤患者行立体定向放射治疗加全脑放射治疗（WBRT）。立体定向放射治疗采用6MV-X线处方量，5～80y／次．每周3次．共3～5次，总计量20～32Gy。全脑照射30～40Gy／3～4周。结果：单纯SRT局部控制率为89．4％．SRT＋WBRT局部控制率为92．3％。2组近期局控率差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05），脑水肿减轻或消失分别为95．5％和92．3％。姑论：立体定向放射治疗对脑转移瘤是安全、有效、痛苦小、疗效明显的治疗方法，可使患者的生存质量有明显改善。     

γ线立体定向放射治疗脑转移瘤的疗效

目的：比较γ线立体定向放射治疗（SRT）加全脑放疗与常规放疗脑转移瘤的疗效。方法：采用SRT＋全脑放疗脑转移瘤43例,常规放疗脑转移瘤50例。SRT周边剂量15－27Gy,全脑放疗30－40Gy。结果：SRT＋全脑放疗组病人1年生存率和中位生存时间及肿瘤局控率均较常规放疗组增高或延长（P＜0．01）。死亡原因中,SRT＋全脑放疗组死于脑转移者较常规放疗组低（P＜0．05）,结论：SRT＋全脑放疗治疗脑转移瘤的疗效优于常规放疗。     

全脑照射20Gy后综合治疗与单纯放射治疗脑转移瘤的临床研究

目的 分析脑转移瘤全脑照射20 Gy后辅以化学治疗与单纯放射治疗脑转移瘤,评价两种治疗方法的疗效和预后因素。方法 回顾性分析经病理学和影像学证实的脑转移瘤患者63例,随机分成两组。综合治疗组33例,予以全脑照射20 Gy后辅以化疗,放疗同步治疗（放疗总剂量DT：35～40Gy,3～4周）,并X-刀追量至40-60Gy;对照组30例,单纯放射治疗总量至35～40 Gy,3～4周,并X-刀追量至40～60 Gy。结果 综合治疗组中位生存时间为14个月,1年生存率为85．3％;对照组中位生存时间8个月,1年生存率为40．5％。两组差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。结论全脑照射20 Gy打开血脑屏障辅以化学治疗脑转移瘤有较好的疗效和预后。     

全脑放疗联合后程三维适形放疗治疗脑转移瘤的临床研究

目的评价脑转移肿瘤三维适形放射治疗的临床意义。方法56例脑转移瘤患者随机分为两组,每组28例,1组采用全脑放疗(WBRT),1.8～2.0Gy/次,每周5次,总剂量30～40Gy;另1组采用全脑放疗加三维适形局部加量(WBRT+3D-CRT)。结果 WBRT+3D-CRT组肿瘤局部控制率(75%)明显高于WBRT 组(39.29%)(P<0.05),中位生存期(11.6个月)明显长于WBRT组(5.1个月)(P<0.05),KPS评分明显高于WBRT 组(P<0.05)。结论全脑放疗加三维适形放疗治疗脑转移瘤在局部控制率和生存时间上均优于单纯全脑放疗。     

立体定向放射治疗脑转移瘤疗效分析

目的:探讨脑转移瘤立体定向放射治疗(SRT)联合或不联合全脑放疗(WBRT)的疗效.方法:对66例脑转移瘤进行SRT联合WBRT治疗,26例用SRT治疗.WBRT用1.82.0Gy/次,5次/周,总剂量36.0～40.0Gy.SRT单次治疗边缘剂量16.0～22.0Gy,分次治疗,每次4.0～10.0Gy,分3～8次,5次/周.SRT前行WBRT 29例,SRT后行WBRT 37例.结果:利用影像学及寿命表分析,SRT联合WBRT治疗与单纯SRT相比,在有效率和1年死亡率差异都无统计学意义,但复发率明显降低,中位复发时间和中位生存时间明显延长.结论:SRT联合WBRT治疗脑转移瘤有明显优势.     

全脑放射治疗配合立体定向放射治疗治疗脑转移瘤

目的 探讨X线立体定向放射治疗在脑转移瘤常规放射治疗中的作用。方法 在4种预后因素（年龄、疗前KPS评分、有无其它远处转移及转移灶数目）相同或相似的条件下，配对选择两组病例，全脑放疗加X线立体定向放射治疗组40例，为研究组；常规放疗组50例，为对照组。对照组全脑放疗剂量为30～40Gy／2～4周；研究组在对照组的基础上加用立体定向放射治疗，使用共面或非共面多野照射，采用每次剂量4～6Gy，每周3次，总剂量24～30Gy。结果 研究组与对照组比较：1年生存率分别为82．5％和50.0％，治疗后3个月影像学有效率（CR＋PR）分别为92．5％和66．0％，治疗3个月后KPS评分好转的比例分别为85．0％和52．0％，因脑转移死亡率分别为10％和48％，以上结果经统计学处理均有显著性差异（P〈0．01），两组病例的并发症发生率相似。结论 全脑放射治疗配合X线立体定向放射治疗治疗脑转移瘤疗效优于单纯常规放疗。     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.     

Scientific principles and rigorous processes should be followed in developing clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine

A clinical guideline for the therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine may be defined as a written document which states a series of recommendations on therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine for a special disease or condition. The guideline may provide assistance to medical professionals in making clinical decisions aimed at improving the clinical outcome of patients and reducing the costs of medical care（~＇4~. Recommendations issued by a guideline should be based on the best available evidence in both Western and Chinese medicine. For fulfilling this purpose, the development of clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions in the field of integrative medicine should follow scientific principles and undergo a rigorous processes.