肌钙蛋白Ⅰ与CRP对经皮冠状动脉介入治疗患者预后评价的价值

目的 探讨肌钙蛋白I(cTnI)和C反应蛋白(CRP)水平在急性冠状动脉综合征(ACS)患者经皮冠状动脉介入干预(PCI)术后危险分层与预后中的价值.方法 留取335例ACS患者胸痛症状发作6～10 h的PCI术前血标本.化学发光法测定cTnI,免疫法测定CRP,入选患者按cTnI(＜0.1、0.1～0.5、＞0.5 μg/L)和CRP(≤3、＞3 mg/L)浓度进行分组.观察ACS患者PCI术后30 d心源性死亡和主要心脏不良事件(MACE,包括心源性死亡、非致命性再次心肌梗死、继发心力衰竭及再入院的复合终点)发生率,并随访患者2年内发生的心源性死亡率.结果 PCI患者检测数据经多变量logistic回归分析显示,cTnI独立于年龄、性别、高血压、高胆固醇、糖尿病、吸烟等冠心病危险凶素,预测ACS患者PCI术后30 d心源性死亡率的OR为3.5,95%C/2.2～5.3(P＜0.01),再次心肌梗死发生率的OR为1.5,95%CI 1.1～2.6(P＜0.05).CRP独立于各因素,预测近期心源性死亡率的OR为1.6,95%CI 1.1～2.3(P＜0.05),而对再次心肌梗死发生率不具备预测价值.CRP≤3mg/L的PCI患者,不同cTnI浓度组(＜0.1、0.1～0.5、＞0.5μg/L)术后30 d的MACE发牛率分别为4.3%、11.7%、18.8%(X~2=4.829,P=0.028);CRP＞3 mg/L的PCI患者,不同cTnI浓度组术后30 d的MACE发生率分别为5.5%、13.2%、21.1%(X~2=5.862,P=0.015).所有PCI术后患者经2年随访,Kaplan-Meier曲线分析结果显示,不同cTnI浓度组心血管性疾病存活率分别为92.2%、89.1%、80.0%,3组间差异有统计学意义(X~2=7.571,P＜0.05).结论 ACS患者胸痛症状发作6～10 h时的cTnI和CRP浓度能够较好地对行PCI治疗患者进行危险分层,且与PCI术后30 d的MACE发生率密切相关,cTnI浓度对远期心源性死亡率具有预测价值.cTnI和CRP联合检测,对及时发现高风险患者,优化干预策略具有重要意义.     

急性冠状动脉综合征患者血浆环氧二十碳三烯酸水平与血脂关系及对预后的影响

目的探讨急性冠状动脉综合征(acute coronary syndrome,ACS)患者血浆环氧二十碳三烯酸(epoxyeicosatrienoic acids,EET)水平与血脂的关系,分析血浆EET对ACS患者主要心血管事件的影响。方法 ACS患者120例为ACS组,体检健康者120例为对照组,采用ELISA法测定2组血浆EET及血脂水平;以ACS组EET中位数(68.5μg/L)为切点,将ACS患者分为高EET水平组(EET≥68.5μg/L)和低EET水平组(EET68.5μg/L),随访6个月,观察各组主要心血管事件发生情况。结果ACS组患者血浆EET水平[(63.25±2.08)μg/L)]低于对照组[(88.16±3.44)μg/L)](P0.05),总胆固醇[(5.68±0.39)mmol/L]、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇[(2.93±0.27)mmol/L]高于对照组[(4.16±0.15)、(1.56±0.13)mmol/L](P0.05);ACS组患者EET水平与低密度脂蛋白胆固醇呈负相关(r=-0.953,P=0.014),与三酰甘油、总胆固醇和高密度脂蛋白胆固醇无明显相关性(r=0.251,P=0.467;r=-0.463,P=0.212;r=0.316,P=0.411);随访6个月,对照组无主要心血管事件发生,低EET水平组主要心血管事件发生率(27.8%)高于高EET水平组(6.5%)(P0.05);多因素logistic回归分析显示,校正其他危险因素后,EET68.5μg/L是ACS患者发生主要心血管事件的独立预测因素(OR=2.868,95%CI:1.152~8.474,P=0.012)。结论ACS患者血浆EET水平降低,且与低密度脂蛋白胆固醇水平呈负相关,血浆EET水平可作为ACS发生主要心血管事件的独立预测因素。     

急性冠脉综合征患者血浆可溶性低密度脂蛋白受体相关蛋白1、调解活化正常T细胞表达和分泌趋化因子浓度的变化及意义

目的探讨急性冠脉综合征(acute coronary syndrome,ACS)患者血浆可溶性低密度脂蛋白受体相关蛋白1(soluble low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein-1,sLRP-1)浓度、调解活化正常T细胞表达和分泌趋化因子(regulated upon activation normal T cell expressed and secreted,RANTES)浓度的变化及其与冠状动脉病变严重程度的相关性及其临床意义。方法连续选取2019年1月至2019年7月承德医学院附属医院心内科接受冠脉造影的250例住院患者进行前瞻性研究,包括ACS患者158例、稳定型心绞痛(stable angina pectoris,SAP)42例、对照组50例。其中ACS患者包括急性心肌梗死(acute myocardial infarction,AMI)组92例、不稳定型心绞痛(unstable angina pectoris,UAP)组66例,冠状动脉病变程度根据Gensini积分进行评估,对照组为同期行冠状动脉造影检查排除冠状动脉粥样硬化的患者。酶联免疫吸附测定(enzyme linked immunosorbent assay,ELISA)法测血浆sLRP-1、RANTES浓度。结果AMI组患者血浆lg sLRP-1和RANTES浓度[(0.69±0.20)mg/L与(125.17±34.87)ng/L]和UAP组[(0.62±0.19)mg/L与(118.51±21.46)ng/L]高于SAP组[(0.42±0.11)mg/L与(99.56±21.46)ng/L]和对照组[(0.27±0.08)mg/L与(98.39±19.37)ng/L](P均<0.05),而血浆lg sLRP-1和RNATES在AMI组与UAP组之间、SAP与对照组之间比较差异无统计学意义(P均>0.05)。ACS患者经PCI治疗后血浆lg sLRP-1和RANTES浓度较术前下降(P均<0.05);ACS患者血浆lg sLRP-1和RANTES浓度与Gensini积分无相关性(r值分别为0.12、0.22,P均>0.05)。结论ACS患者血浆sLRP-1和RANTES参与ACS的进展过程,并存在一定的相关性;心肌灌注治疗改善冠状动脉的炎症反应。     

胰岛素强化治疗对非糖尿病急性心肌梗死患者血清炎症因子和脂联素水平的影响

[目的]探讨胰岛素强化治疗对非糖尿病急性心肌梗死(AMI)患者血清炎症因子和脂联素水平的影响.[方法]68例未合并糖尿病的AMI患者随机分为常规治疗组(n=34)和胰岛素强化治疗组(n=34).常规组使用常规药物治疗;胰岛素强化治疗组在常规治疗基础上加用胰岛素治疗,将血糖维持在4.4～6.1mmol/L.分别于治疗前和治疗24h、72h抽血测定IL-6、脂联素及超敏C反应蛋白(CRP)水平.同时设70例正常健康人群用于分析比较.用酶联免疫吸附法检测IL-6、脂联素,用免疫比浊法测定CRP.[结果]①与健康对照组相比,非糖尿病AMI患者外周血IL-6(18.2±5.8 ng/L vs.5.4±2.1 ng/L,P<0.05)和CRP(8.1±3.2 mg/L vs.2.3±0.9 mg/L,P<0.05)均有显著性升高;而脂联素的水平呈显著性降低趋势(4.0±1.7mg/L vs.8.5±1.6 mg/L,P<0.05).②脂联素的水平在胰岛素强化治疗24h后即有显著性上升(6.2±2.3 mg/L VS.3.9±1.7 mg/L,P<0.05),而外周血IL-6(9.5±3.6 ng/L vs.18.4±6.2 ng/L,P<0.05)、CRP的水平(5.6±1.3 mg/L vs.8.4±3.7 mg/L,P<0.05)在胰岛素强化治疗72h后有显著性降低.[结论]胰岛素强化治疗可升高非糖尿病AMI患者的血清脂联素水平,同时降低IL-6和CRP等炎症因子水平.     

妊娠相关血浆蛋白A及CRP在急性冠状动脉综合征进展中的诊断效能评价

目的评价妊娠相关血浆蛋白A(PAPP-A)与CRP在急性冠状动脉综合征(ACS)患者中的诊断效能。方法回顾性分析96例ACS患者、30例稳定性心绞痛及62例正常对照者的PAPP-A及CRP浓度指标。用化学发光法测定血清PAPP-A,用散射光比浊法测定血清CRP含量。比较ACS组和正常对照组间PAPP-A、CRP指标的浓度差异,分析各指标在ROC曲线下的面积、特异性及敏感性。结果 PAPP-A及CRP在AMI组、UAP组之间差别无统计学意义(P0.05),在AMI、UAP组与SAP、正常对照组之间差别有统计学意义(P0.05),在SAP及正常对照组间差别无统计学意义(P0.05)。PAPP-A与CRP正相关。检测ACS组,ROC曲线下的面积:PAPP-ACRP,面积分别为:0.808、0.767。PAPP-A、CRP诊断ACS临界值分别为:15.56mIU/L、2.80mg/L。结论通过ROC曲线评价,诊断ACS时,作为单一检测指标时,PAPP-A比CRP更优。     

冠状动脉造影联合冠状动脉内超声、C反应蛋白测定对易损斑块鉴别研究

目的评价冠状动脉造影联合冠状动脉内超声和不同水平的C反应蛋白分级对易损斑块的鉴别诊断价值。方法对80例住院的冠心病患者分为急性冠状动脉综合征(ACS)组(43例)和稳定型心绞痛(SAP)组(37例),分别进行C反应蛋白(CRP)测定和冠状动脉造影(CAG)、冠状动脉内超声(IVUS)检查,并将CAG、CRP水平与IVUS结果比较。结果两组在病变血管狭窄程度和病变血管支数方面比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。易损斑块检出率及CRP水平在ACS组明显高于SAP组(50/61 vs 20/47斑块,P<0.05),(5.14±3.15)mg/L vs(2.39±1.29)mg/L(P<0.01)。对易损斑块的检出率IVUS优于CAG,但二者间差异无统计学意义(ACS组45/61 vs50/61,χ2=1.189,P<0.05;SAP组16/47 vs 20/47,χ2=0.720,P>0.05)。两组男性患者间对比,易损斑块检出率及血清CRP浓度两组间相比较差异有统计学意义(34/39 vs 14/32斑块,P<0.05,(5.00±2.82)mg/L vs(2.07±0.67)mg/L(P<0.01)。女性患者ACS组易损斑块比例较SAP组高(16/22 vs 6/15),P<0.05;但CRP浓度在两组间差异无统计学意义(P=0.053)。以CRP 3.0 mg/L作为分级标准,则对易损斑块诊断的特异性、敏感性和准确性均较高(分别为88.1%,74.42%和81.18%)。结论ACS组易损斑块检出率及CRP水平明显高于SAP组,且ACS组男性CRP水平显著高于SAP组;CRP可作为易损斑块的良好反应指标。     

血清脂蛋白(a)在急性冠状动脉综合征患者中的变化及对预后的影响

目的 探讨血清脂蛋白(a)[LP(a)]在急性冠状动脉综合征(ACS)患者中的变化及其对预后的影响.方法 选择362例ACS患者,其中149例为不稳定心绞痛(UAP)患者,213例为急性心肌梗死(AMI)患者;另选择226例稳定型心绞痛(SAP)和161例冠状动脉造影阴性者(对照组);分别测定各组LP(a)的水平,并根据LP(a)水平将冠心病患者分为LP(a)≥300m/L和LP(a)<300mg/L两组,对两组患者住院期间及出院后6个月内预后作对比分析.结果 冠心病各组患者LP(a)水平均高于对照组(P<0.05);ACS组患者LP(a)水平高于SAP组患者(P<0.05);AMI组和UAP组患者组间LP(a)水平差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);LP(a)≥300m/L和LP(a)<300mg/L两组比较,再发心肌梗死事件发生率差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),心原性死亡事件发生率差异无统计学意义(P>0.05).结论 基础LP(a)水平与冠心病的严重程度及近期预后密切相关.     

急性冠脉综合征患者血尿酸水平与机体炎性反应及血管内皮功能关系分析

目的探讨急性冠脉综合征(ACS)患者血尿酸(BUA)水平与机体炎性反应及血管内皮功能的关系。方法回顾性2015年10月至2017年11月该院收治的ACS患者临床资料,120例ACS患者作为观察组,分为不稳定型心绞痛组(UAP组,n=66)和急性心肌梗死组(AMI组,n=54),另选取120例健康体检者作为健康对照组,比较各组间BUA、炎症因子及血管内皮功能水平,并分析BUA与机体炎症及血管内皮功能的关系。结果与健康对照组指标水平相比,观察组BUA、肿瘤坏死因子(TNF)-α、C反应蛋白(CRP)与内皮素-1(ET-1)水平均明显升高,差异有统计学意义(P0.05),且AMI组BUA、TNF-α、CRP与ET-1水平均明显高于UAP组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05);观察组NO水平明显低于健康对照组,AMI组明显低于UAP组,差异均有统计学意义(P0.05);相关性分析结果表明,ACS患者BUA水平与病情进展程度、TNF-α、CRP及ET-1水平呈正相关(r分别为0.416,0.440,0.337和0.361,P0.05),与NO水平呈负相关(r=-0.304,P0.05)。结论 ACS患者BUA水平显著升高,其水平与病情进展程度、机体炎症及血管内皮功能有关。     

血浆生长分化因子-15与急性冠状动脉综合征患者预后的关系

目的探讨血浆生长分化因子-15(growth differentiation factor-15,GDF-15)与急性冠状动脉综合征(acute coronary syndrome,ACS)患者预后的关系。方法回顾性分析371例ACS患者的临床资料,记录入院时血浆GDF-15水平,观察1a后心血管终点事件发生情况,应用多因素logistic回归分析心血管终点事件发生的危险因素。结果随访1a,出现心血管终点事件者55例为观察组,未出现心血管终点事件者316例为对照组;观察组入院时血浆GDF-15水平[(1 314.4±542.3)ng/L]高于对照组[(832.6±367.2)ng/L](P0.01);多因素logistic回归分析显示,高血浆水平GDF-15(OR=2.086,95%CI:1.583~2.623,P=0.000),糖尿病(OR=2.504,95%CI:1.337~4.890,P=0.014),吸烟(OR=1.802,95%CI:1.913~4.623,P=0.012)是ACS患者1a心血管终点事件发生的危险因素。结论高血浆水平GDF-15为ACS患者心血管终点事件发生的危险因素。     

急性冠脉综合征患者外周血CD40L表达增高

目的检测急性冠脉综合征(ACS)患者CD4 T细胞CD40L的表达率、血清可溶性CD40配体(sCD40L)的水平,探讨CD40/CD40L在ACS发病中的作用及可能途径。方法ACS患者42例,包括稳定型心绞痛(SAP)12例、不稳定型心绞痛(UAP)14例、急性心肌梗死(AMI)16例;健康对照者13例。流式细胞分析术检测CD4 T细胞表达CD40L的阳性细胞率,ELISA法检测血清sCD40L水平。结果AMI、UAP、SAP、对照组CD4 T细胞中表达CD40L的阳性细胞率分别为(8.67±3.31)%、(3.24±1.13)%、(2.29±1.93)%、(0.57±0.19)%,AMI组显著高于其他三组(P均<0.05),UAP组亦显著高于对照组(P<0.05);四组血清sCD40L水平分别为(14.53±8.08)ng/mL、(8.06±6.96)ng/mL、(7.37±3.59)ng/mL、(4.45±1.48)ng/mL,AMI组显著高于其他三组(P均<0.05)。结论ACS患者CD4 T细胞CD40L的表达率和血清sCD40L水平增高,在ACS发病过程中起重要作用;CD40L和sCD40L有望作为冠心病危险性的预测因子。     

Determination of creatine kinase isoenzyme MB activity in serum using immunological inhibition of creatine kinase M subunit activity. Activity kinetics and diagnostic significance in myocardial infarction.

This is a new method for the determination of creatine kinase isoenzyme MB activity in serum. The method uses direct activity measurement of creatine kinase B subunit activity after blocking of CK-M subunit activity by inhibiting antibodies. The test takes no longer than 15 min. The method yields an intra-serial C.V. of 2.0-12.9%, and a C.V. from day to day of 5.5%. The detection limit is 3.4 U/l creatine kinase MB. In the 95 cases with proven myocardial infarction several types of creatine kinase MB activity kinetics could be determined. The percentage of creatine kinase MB of peak CK-total is 6-25%, with a mean of 11.1%. The amount of creatine kinase MB with respect to total CK activity after reinfarction is higher than the amount after initial infarction.     

俯卧位通气对高海拔地区肺复张治疗无效急性呼吸窘迫综合征患者氧合的影响

目的 探讨俯卧位通气对高海拔地区肺复张术(RM)治疗无效急性呼吸窘迫综合征(ARDS)患者的治疗作用.方法 从海拔2260m的地区医院筛选RM治疗无效的41例ARDS患者[平均氧合指数( PaO2/FiO2)较RM前升高＜20％视为RM无效],依不同病因分为肺内源性ARDS组(ARDSp组)和肺外源性ARDS组(ARDSexp组),每组再按信封法随机分为俯卧位组和仰卧位组,即ARDSp俯卧位组(11例)、ARDSp仰卧位组(9例)、ARDSexp俯卧位组(10例)、ARDSexp仰卧位组(11例).在通气前及通气1、2、3、4h监测动脉血氧分压( PaO2)、PaO2/FiO2、静态顺应性(Cst)、气道阻力(Raw)的变化.结果 通气lh时,ARDSexp俯卧位组PaO2/FiO2( mm Hg,l mm Hg=0.133 kPa)即较通气前显著升高(157.4±40.6比129.3±48.7,P＜0.05),并随通气时间延长呈持续增高趋势,4h达峰值(219.1 ±41.1);且ARDSexp俯卧位组通气3h内PaO2/FiO2较其他3组显著增高,另3组间则差异无统计学意义.ARDSp俯卧位组、ARDSexp俯卧位组通气4h时PaO2/FiO2均较相应仰卧位组显著增高(208.8±39.7比127.4±47.1,219.1±41.1比124.9±50.8,均P＜0.05).4组通气前后Cst无显著改变,各组间差异也无统计学意义.ARDSp俯卧位组通气4h时Raw(cmH2O·L-1·s-1)较通气前显著降低(6.8±1.7比10.7±1.8,P＜0.05),且明显低于其他3组;其他3组各时间点Raw组内及组间比较差异均无统计学意义.结论 俯卧位通气作为ARDS机械通气重要策略之一,可以改善RM无效高原ARDS患者的氧合,为抢救患者赢得宝贵的时间.     

Digital imaging among medical facilities

The Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) in the USA operates a network of 172 medical centres which all utilize a hospital information system (HIS) which has been developed and is currently maintained by the VA. During the past several years, an image management and communication module has been developed, installed and clinically utilized at the Washington DC and Maryland VA Medical Centres. This image management and communication system, referred to as the decentralized hospital computer program (DHCP) imaging system, is fully integrated with a commercial picture archiving and communication system (PACS). The system is utilized to capture, archive, and display all images generated within the hospital including radiology, nuclear medicine, pathology, endoscopy, bronchoscopy, and dermatology, intraoperative photographs, ECG data, and a limited number of paper documents. The ultimate goal of the project is to have all patient text and image data available at any clinical workstation to any authorized user anywhere within the network of medical centres. Clinical requirements for an imaging workstation include ease of use, rapid and reliable access to the complete set of patient information, and images which are of acceptable quality to meet the requirements of the user and the subspecialty. Patient confidentiality and data security must be safeguarded at all times. Integration of the images with the remainder of the patient's database was found to be critical to the success of the project. The experience at the Washington and Maryland facilities suggests that an imaging system that is successfully integrated with a hospital information system can provide substantial clinical and economic benefits both within and among medical centres. Clinical acceptance and utilization of the system has been excellent, particularly in diagnostic radiology where DHCP Imaging has been interfaced to a commercial PAC system. Based upon this initial experience, the VA has begun to deploy the system throughout its large network of medical centres.     

Myocardial elastography at both high temporal and spatial resolution for the detection of infarcts

Myocardial elastography is a novel method for noninvasively assessing regional myocardial function, with the advantages of high spatial and temporal resolution and high signal-to-noise ratio (SNR). In this paper, in-vivo experiments were performed in anesthetized normal and infarcted mice (one day after left anterior descending coronary artery [LAD] ligation) using a high-resolution (30 MHz) ultrasound system (Vevo 770, VisualSonics Inc., Toronto, ON, Canada). Radiofrequency (RF) signals of the left ventricle (LV) in longitudinal (long-axis) view and the associated electrocardiogram (ECG) were simultaneously acquired. Using a retrospective ECG gating technique, 2-D full field-of-view RF frames were acquired at an extremely high frame rate (8 kHz) that resulted in high-quality incremental displacement and strain estimation of the myocardium. The incremental results were further accumulated to obtain the cumulative displacements and strains. Two-dimensional and M-mode displacement images and strain images (elastograms), as well as displacement and strain profiles as a function of time, were compared between normal and infarcted mice. Incremental results clearly depicted cardiac events including LV contraction, LV relaxation and isovolumetric phases in both normal and infarcted mice, and also evidently indicated reduced motion and deformation in the infarcted myocardium. The elastograms indicated that the infarcted regions underwent thinning during systole rather than thickening, as in the normal case. The cumulative elastograms were found to have higher elastographic SNR (SNR(e)) than the incremental elastograms (e.g., 10.6 vs. 4.7 in a normal myocardium, and 6.0 vs. 2.4 in an infarcted myocardium). Finally, preliminary statistical results from nine normal (m = 9) and seven infarcted (n = 7) mice indicated the capability of the cumulative strain in differentiating infracted from normal myocardia. In conclusion, myocardial elastography could provide regional strain information at simultaneously high temporal (>/=0.125 ms) and spatial ( approximately 55 microm) resolution as well as high precision ( approximately 0.05 microm displacement). This technique was thus capable of accurately characterizing normal myocardial function throughout an entire cardiac cycle, at the same high resolution, and detecting and localizing myocardial infarction in vivo.     

Clinical Pharmacokinetics of Morphine

Morphine, the most widely used mu-opioid analgesic for acute and chronic pain, is the standard against which new analgesics are measured. A thorough understanding of the pharmacokinetics of morphine is required in order to safely and effectively use this analgesic in a wide variety of patients with different levels of organ function. A MEDLINE search was conducted to identify literature published between 1966 and January 2002 relevant to the pharmacokinetics of morphine. These publications were reviewed and the literature summarized regarding unique and clinically important elements of morphine disposition relative to its parenteral administration (including intravenous, intramuscular, subcutaneous, epidural and intrathecal administration), absorption profile (immediate release, controlled release, and sublingual/buccal, and rectal administration), distribution, and its metabolism/ excretion. Special populations, including infants, elderly, and those with renal/liver failure, have a unique morphine pharmacokinetic profile that must be taken into account in order to maximize analgesic efficacy and reduce the risk of adverse events.     

手转胎头术失败的原因与分娩结局临床分析

目的 探讨手转胎头术失败的原因与分娩结局.方法 选择2008年1月至2010年12月于我院住院分娩的持续性枕横位、枕后位产妇198例,根据行手转胎头术后结果分为成功组126例、失败组72例.比较两组分娩结局,对比分析失败原因.结果 失败组胎儿体质量≥3500 g的发生率[76.4％(55/72)]明显高于成功组[31.7％(40/126)],差异有统计学意义(x2=30.177,P=0.001)、失败组宫缩乏力发生率[58.3％(42/72)]高于成功组[38.1％ (48/126)],差异有统计学意义(x2=7.569,P=0.006)、失败组骨盆临界或轻度狭窄发生率[38.9％ (28/72)]高于成功组[23.8％(30/126)],差异有统计学意义(x2 =5.030,P=0.002)、失败组手转胎头时机不当(宫口开大＜6 cm、胎头位于坐骨棘上及宫口开大8～10 cm、胎头位于坐骨棘下≥2 cm)发生率[61.1％(44/72)]高于成功组[38.9％(49/126)],差异有统计学意义(x2=9.084,P=0.003).失败组母儿并发症(产后出血、产褥病率、胎儿窘迫、新生儿窒息)发生率高于成功组(x2 =9.586,P=0.002、x2=9.334,P=0.002、x2=5.910,P=0.015、x2=5.240,P=0.022)、失败组剖宫产发生率[72.2％(52/72)]明显高于成功组[34.1 ％(43/126),x2=26.641,P=0.001)].结论 手转胎头术能使难产变顺产,降低剖宫产率,减少母儿并发症,但须积极预防、处理导致手转胎头术失败的原因,对矫正失败后继续矫正及试产应慎重.     

Evidence-Based Pain Management and Palliative Care in Issue Four for 2009 of The Cochrane Library

ABSTRACT

The Cochrane Library of Systematic Reviews is published quarterly. Issue 4 for 2009 contains 4027 complete reviews, 1906 protocols for reviews in production, and 11447 one-page summaries of systematic reviews published in the general medical literature. In addition, there are citations of 600,000 randomized controlled trials, and 12,200 cited papers in the Cochrane methodology register. The health technology assessment database contains over 7500 citations. This edition of the Library contains 90 new reviews, of which 19 have potential relevance for practitioners in pain and palliative medicine.     

Wie zuverlässig sind Angaben zu nichtentzündlichen ausgedehnten Schmerzen?

ZusammenfassungFragestellung Es wurde geprüft, wie sich der Differenziertheitsgrad zweier Schmerzmessmethoden auf Angaben zur Ausgedehntheit klinischer Schmerzen auswirkt. Zugleich wurde der Referenzzeitraum variiert, über den die Patienten berichten sollten.Methode Erfasst wurde der Einfluss zu Lasten der Befragungsdifferenziertheit durch den Vergleich zweier Körperschema-Bildvorlagen. Drei Referenzzeiträume (Schmerz aktuell, letzte Woche, letztes halbes Jahr) wurden vorgegeben.Ergebnisse Patienten mit ausgedehnten Schmerzen gaben bei differenzierter Befragung um so mehr Schmerzen an, je weiter die Schmerzen zurück lagen und je größer der Berichtszeitraum war. Patienten mit gelenknahen Schmerzen gaben bei hoch differenzierter Befragung weniger ausgedehnte Schmerzen in der Vergangenheit an als bei globaler Einschätzung. Patienten mit Rückenschmerzen berichteten bei differenzierter Befragung zum aktuellen Schmerz über weniger ausgedehnte Schmerzen als bei globaler Befragung.Schlussfolgerung Die Angaben zur Schmerzausdehnung variieren vor allem bei Patienten mit ausgedehnten Schmerzen in Abhängigkeit von der Differenziertheit der Befragung. In diesen Fällen ist die Wahrscheinlichkeit erhöht, dass sich die Beschwerdesymptomatik zumindest teilweise erst in der Reaktion auf die situativen Befragungsbedingungen konstituiert und daher nicht auf andere Befragungsbedingungen generalisiert werden kann.