黛力新联合心理干预对脑血管造影患者焦虑抑郁的疗效观察

目的 探讨黛力新联合心理干预对脑血管造影患者心理情绪的影响.方法 将80例行脑血管造影的患者随机分为黛力新联合心理干预组（药物治疗组）和心理干预组;分别采用汉密尔顿焦虑量表（HAMA）、汉密尔顿抑郁量表（HAMD）进行评定手术前后患者的焦虑、抑郁情况.结果 黛力新联合心理干预组的HAMA评分和 HAMD评分明显低于心理干预组.结论 黛力新联合心理干预可明显改善患者对脑血管造影术产生的焦虑和抑郁情绪,可作为辅助治疗措施.     

药物联合心理干预治疗卒中后抑郁/焦虑的临床研究

目的探讨帕罗西汀联合早期心理干预对卒中后抑郁／焦虑患者日常生活能力和神经功能康复的影响。方法采用抑郁自评量表（SDS）、焦虑自评量表（SAS）对272例脑卒中患者进行抑郁／焦虑状态评定,其中患有卒中后抑郁合并焦虑的81名患者分别接受单用帕罗西汀治疗、帕罗西汀联合心理干预治疗以及不干预。采用斯堪的那维亚脑卒中量表（SSS）、Barthel指数（BI）、汉密尔顿抑郁量表（HAMD）、汉密尔顿焦虑量表（HAMA）评测治疗前后的疗效。结果急性脑卒中病人卒中后抑郁并焦虑患病率为29．78％,抑郁与焦虑共病率为65．85％;治疗组Ⅰ和治疗组ⅡHAMD、HAMA、SSS评分减少和BI评分增加与对照组比较均有显著性差异（P〈0．01）,治疗组ⅡHAMD、HAMA、SSS评分减少和BI评分增加较治疗组Ⅰ有显著差异（P均〈0．05）。结论卒中后抑郁／焦虑病人单用药物帕罗西汀或给予帕罗西汀合并心理干预治疗均能提高患者神经功能康复程度和生活能力恢复,而且帕罗西汀合并心理干预治疗疗效更满意。     

脑瘫患儿母亲焦虑情绪调查及心理干预前后对比

目的研究脑瘫患儿母亲的情绪问题及不同疾病程度脑瘫患儿母亲的焦虑情绪是否有差异,并了解心理干预前后的变化。方法研究组采用焦虑自评量表评估郑州市儿童医院康复病区住院的轻、中、重度脑瘫患儿母亲各20例,并采用认知疗法、心理疏导等心理干预措施给予治疗,对照组系儿保科正常儿童的母亲共30例。结果脑瘫患儿母亲焦虑自评量表的粗分及标准分明显高于对照组（P〈0.01）,中重度脑瘫患儿母亲焦虑自评量表得分高于轻度脑瘫患儿母亲（P〈0．01）,心理干预后研究组焦虑自评量表得分显著低于治疗前（P〈0.05）。结论脑瘫患儿母亲普遍存在焦虑情绪,不同疾病程度焦虑症状不同。心理治疗能有效缓解脑瘫患儿母亲的焦虑情绪。     

脑梗死患者的生活质量与其焦虑、抑郁情绪的相关性研究

目的 探讨脑梗死患者的生活质量与其焦虑、抑郁情绪的关系。方法 采用Zung焦虑自评量表（SAS）、Zung抑郁自评量表（SDS）及生活质量综合评定问卷（GQOLI）对80例脑梗死患者（脑梗死组）及80名健康人（对照组）进行问卷调查，并对生活质量与其焦虑、抑郁情绪作相关分析。结果 脑梗死患者的生活质量总分及躯体功能、心理功能、社会功能3个维度评分均明显低于对照组（P〈0．01），而SAS及SDS评分均明显高于对照组（P〈0．01）。脑梗死患者的生活质量总分及躯体功能、心理功能、社会功能3个维度评分均与SAS及SDS评分呈显著性负相关。结论 脑梗死患者的生活质量较差，焦虑、抑郁情绪明显；其生活质量与焦虑、抑郁情绪密切相关。     

2型糖尿病患者负性情绪研究

目的：探讨负性情绪与2型糖尿病的关系。方法：对51例2型糖尿病患者与50例正常对照者进行负性情绪比较，采用生活事件量表（LES）、社会支持评定量表（SSRS）、症状自评量表（SCL-90）、抑郁自评量表（SDS）及焦虑自评量表（SAS）测评。结果：与对照组比较，糖尿病组的负性生活事件刺激量和总刺激量得分均显著较高（P均〈0．01）；而社会支持总分、主观支持分及支持利用度分均显著较低（P均〈0．01）。糖尿病组SCL-90总分及躯体化、人际关系敏感、抑郁、焦虑、敌对、恐惧6个因子分与SDS、SAS评分均显著高于对照组（P〈0．05或P〈0．01）。结论：2型糖尿病患者存在明显的负性情绪，有针对性的心理干预可能对其防治起重要作用。     

精神科护理人员焦虑抑郁情绪与工作压力的关系

目的探讨精神科护士焦虑抑郁情绪与工作压力的关系。方法采用焦虑自评量表、抑郁自评量表和护士工作压力源量表对130名精神疾病专科在职护理人员进行调查。结果精神科护理人员的焦虑和抑郁情绪的检出率分别为51．2％和44．9％,有焦虑和抑郁情绪者的工作压力均明显高于无焦虑和抑郁者（P〈0．001）,焦虑抑郁情绪与工作压力呈显著正相关关系（P〈0．01）。结论精神科护理人员的焦虑抑郁情绪明显,其焦虑抑郁情绪与其特殊的护理工作压力具有密切的联系。     

护理干预对抑郁症患者生活质量的影响

目的：观察护理干预对抑郁症患者生活质量的影响。方法：90例抑郁症患者随机分为研究组和对照组各45例。两组均给予帕罗西汀治疗,研究组同时接受8周的护理干预。采用汉密尔顿抑郁量表（HAMD）、焦虑自评量表（SAS）及抑郁自评量表（SDS）评价疗效;采用MOS健康状况调查表（SF-36）评价生活质量。结果：经8周护理干预,研究组HAMD、SAS及SDS评分均较对照组显著降低（P〈0．05或P〈0．01）。出院后6个月,以研究组SF-36各项评分（除躯体疼痛评分显著低于人院时外）均显著高于人院时（P〈0．05或P〈0．01）;两组间比较,以社会功能、精神健康、躯体疼痛及总分差异具有显著性（P〈0．01）。结论：护理干预不仅能缓解抑郁症患者的症状,而且能提高生活质量。     

高中毕业生焦虑、抑郁情绪及相关性分析

目的探讨青岛市高中毕业生的焦虑、抑郁情绪及其相关因素。方法从青岛市4所高中以班为单位整群抽取,采用抑郁自评量表（SDS）、焦虑自评量表（SAS）、个人评价问卷（PEI）、自尊量表（SES）及青少年生活事件量表（ASLEC）对337名高三学生进行测查。结果有焦虑情绪63名,占20．1％,男女两性比较差异无显著性（P〉0．05）;有抑郁情绪92名,占29．4％,男女两性比较差异无显著性（P〉0．05）;相关性分析显示焦虑、抑郁情绪与自我评价、自尊、生活事件总分及其各因子分均有非常显著相关性（P〈0．01）。结论高中毕业生焦虑、抑郁情况严重,不容忽视。     

帕罗西汀治疗脑卒中后抑郁症疗效研究

目的探讨帕罗西汀对卒中后抑郁、焦虑患者日常生活能力和神经功能康复的影响。方法采用抑郁自评量表（SDS）、焦虑自评量表（SAS）对272例脑卒中患者进行抑郁、焦虑状态评定,其中患有卒中后抑郁合并焦虑的81例患者分别接受帕罗西汀治疗、帕罗西汀联合心理干预治疗以及不干预。采用斯堪的那维亚脑卒中量表（SSS）、Barthel指数（BI）、汉密尔顿抑郁量表（HAMD）、汉密尔顿焦虑量表（HAMA）评测治疗前后的疗效。结果急性脑卒中病人卒中后抑郁并焦虑患病率为2978%,抑郁与焦虑共病率为65.85%;治疗组I和治疗组ⅡHAMD、HAMA、SSS评分减少和BI评分增加与对照组比较均有显著性差异（P〈0.01）。结论卒中后抑郁、焦虑病人给予帕罗西汀治疗能提高患者神经功能康复程度和生活能力恢复。     

健康教育对Ⅱ型糖尿病患者抑郁情绪的影响

目的观察健康教育与心理干预对II型糖尿病患者抑郁情绪、血糖代谢的影响。方法将80例糖尿病患者按就诊先后随机分为研究组和对照组。研究组在口服常规降糖药物的基础上,进行健康教育及心理干预,总疗程3个月,治疗前后进行Zung抑郁自评量表（SDS）,Zung焦虑自评量表（SAS）、汉密顿抑郁量表（HAMD）评估,进行空腹血糖（FPG）,餐后2小时血糖（2HPG）、糖化血红蛋白（HbA1C）,血脂（TC、TG、HDL-C）体重指数（BMI）等临床指标检测,并进行同期组间比较。结果经过健康教育与心理干预治疗3个月后,研究组抑郁、焦虑量表评分显著低于对照组（P〈0.05）。临床指标改善亦明显优于对照组（P〈0.05）。结论健康教育与心理干预有助于II型糖尿病患者抑郁情绪的改善,能有效提高临床控制效果。     

Cognitive function,depression, anxiety and quality of life in Chinese patients with untreated unruptured intracranial aneurysms

Detected unruptured intracranial aneurysms (UIA) are becoming more common with the increased utilization of CT angiography, MR angiography and digital subtraction angiography. A proportion of patients with UIA remain untreated. We investigated to assess cognitive function, depression, anxiety and quality of life (QoL) in Chinese patients with untreated UIA. Thirty one Chinese patients with untreated UIA and 25 healthy controls were identified and matched for variables including age, sex, and living area. Cognitive function was evaluated with the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA). Depression, anxiety and QoL were screened with the Self-Rating Depression Scale, Self-Rating Anxiety Scale, and Short Form-36, respectively. Non-parametric tests were used for comparisons between groups. No patient had cognitive dysfunction at 1 month or 1 year after detection of UIA. However, a significant decrease of overall MoCA subscores was found in 30 (97%) of 31 patients 5 years after UIA discovery, suggestive of mild cognitive impairment. A significant decrease in depression and anxiety was found in patients over time. QoL in patients was reduced most prominently in psychosocial function and social activities 1 year after detection of UIA, but these improved to within normal limits at the end of the follow-up period. For Chinese patients with untreated UIA, depression, anxiety and reduced QoL may be short-term complications. Mild cognitive impairment may be a long-term complication.     

DSA对缺血性脑血管病的诊断评估

目的 评价DSA对缺血性脑血管病的诊断价值。方法 对52例缺血性脑血管病患者行主动脉弓、脑实质以及各主要分支的造影，以观察各主要动脉开口、分支的显影情况。结果 脑梗塞患者43例，6例DSA正常，37例异常，共发现53处病变，平均每个患者有1．23处病变；短暂性脑缺血发作8例，3例DSA正常，异常5例；一过性全面遗忘症1例DSA异常。结论 DSA可明确病变的性质，判断预后，并为脑动脉狭窄的介入治疗提供依据。     

神经内科住院患者焦虑抑郁状态与影响因素调查

目的 了解神经内科患者的焦虑抑郁状态及其影响因素,为临床实施心理护理提供指导和依据.方法 通过对株洲市一医院神经内科住院患者进行一般情况、焦虑自评表及Hamilton抑郁量表的评估,对421例神经内科住院患者进行问卷调查.结果 421例神经内科患者中,收回有效问卷386份,其中173例(44.8%)存在焦虑症状,207例(53.6%)存在抑郁症状.影响焦虑症状发生的主要因素为:神经功能缺损、生活自理能力、人格特征内外倾及神经质、床位调整;影响抑郁症状发生的主要因素为:神经功能缺损、生活自理能力、人格特征内外倾及神经质,家庭及社会支持.结论 神经内科患者的焦虑、抑郁发生率较高,严重影响了其心理健康.医护人员应重视评估患者的焦虑抑郁状态及影响因素,制定相应的心理干预措施.     

冠状动脉内支架植入术治疗患者的情绪障碍及心理干预

目的　了解冠状动脉内支架植入术 (PTCA)治疗前后患者的情绪障碍和心理干预的效果。方法　在手术前后对患者进行心理干预 ,并用汉密顿焦虑量表 (HAMA)和汉密顿抑郁量表 (HAMD)在心理干预前后对患者进行测查。结果　心理干预前患者有明显的焦虑抑郁情绪 ,心理干预后患者的焦虑抑郁情绪明显改善。结论　心理干预是减轻PTCA治疗患者焦虑抑郁情绪障碍的有效方法 ,值得广泛应用     

Factors associated with interest in receiving help for mental health problems in combat veterans returning from deployment to Iraq

Mental health problems in service members often go untreated. This study focused on factors related to interest in receiving help in a survey sample of 577 combat veterans who were screened positive for posttraumatic stress disorder, depression, or generalized anxiety disorder 3 months after returning from Iraq. Over three quarters of respondents recognized that they had a current problem, but only 40% were interested in receiving help. Interest in receiving help was associated with recognizing a problem and receiving mental health services in the past year. More negative attitudes toward mental health care were associated with lower interest in receiving help; paradoxically, more negative perceptions of unit stigma were associated with increased interest in receiving help. Further studies are needed to better define the relationship between stigma perceptions, interest in receiving care, and actual care utilization and to determine whether attitudes toward mental health care can be modified through changes in how care is delivered. Attitudes toward mental health care should be considered in treatment interventions.     

Cluster headache: what has changed since 1999?

Mitochondrial disorders are caused by impairment of the respiratory chain. Psychiatric features often represent part of their clinical spectrum. However, the real incidence of psychiatric disorders in these diseases is unknown. The aim of this study was to evaluate psychiatric involvement in a group of patients with mitochondrial disorders and without already diagnosed mental illness. Twenty-four patients with mitochondrial disorder and without already diagnosed mental diseases have been studied by means of the mini-international neuropsychiatric interview (MINI) and the newcastle mitochondrial diseases adult scale (NMDAS). In patients with mitochondrial disease, psychiatric conditions were far more common than in general Italian population (about 60 vs. 20–25%), and included major depression, agoraphobia and/or panic disorder, generalized anxiety disorder, social anxiety disorder, psychotic syndromes. Psychiatric involvement did not seem to depend on disease progression. Large, multicenter studies are strongly needed to better characterize the natural history of mitochondrial disorders and of their psychiatric involvement. Moreover, the possibility of mitochondrial diseases should be considered in patients with psychiatric diseases. Finally, we encourage psychiatric evaluation as a routinary approach to mitochondrial patients.     

Treatment of poststroke generalized anxiety disorder comorbid with poststroke depression: merged analysis of nortriptyline trials.

OBJECTIVE: The existence of anxiety disorders plays an important role in the prognosis and associated impairment among patients with poststroke depression. The authors examined the efficacy of nortriptyline treatment for patients with comorbid generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) and depression after stroke. METHODS: Data from three studies were merged to provide 27 patients with comorbid GAD and depression, who participated in double-blind treatment studies comparing nortriptyline (N=13) and placebo (N=14). Severity of anxiety was measured with the Hamilton Rating Scale for Anxiety (Ham-A), and severity of depression was measured with the Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression (Ham-D). Activities of daily living were assessed by use of the Johns Hopkins Functioning Inventory (JHFI). RESULTS: There were no significant differences between the nortriptyline and placebo groups in demographic characteristics, stroke type, and neurological findings. Patients receiving nortriptyline treatment showed significantly greater improvement on the Ham-A, Ham-D, and JHFI than patients receiving placebo. The anxiety symptoms showed earlier improvement than depressive symptoms in patients treated with nortriptyline. CONCLUSIONS: These findings suggest that poststroke GAD comorbid with poststroke depression may be effectively treated with nortriptyline, and data indicate the need for a trial specifically designed to examine treatment of anxiety disorder.     

Variables associated with disparities in treatment of patients with schizophrenia and comorbid mood and anxiety disorders

OBJECTIVE: The study compared self-reported comorbid affective and anxiety disorder diagnoses and treatments of African-American and Caucasian subjects in a large sample of patients who had a diagnosis of schizophrenia. METHODS: A total of 685 patients receiving treatment for schizophrenia were interviewed as part of the Schizophrenia Patient Outcomes Research Team study. The associations of race with past and current diagnoses and with current treatment for depression, mania, and anxiety disorders were assessed with multivariate analyses. RESULTS: African Americans were significantly less likely than Caucasians to report having a past or current diagnosis of depression, manic-depression, or anxiety disorder and to be receiving current treatment for these disorders. Gender, education, and marital status were also associated with presence of a comorbid diagnosis and receipt of treatment. CONCLUSIONS: The study suggests the possibility of racial and other disparities in the diagnosis and treatment of patients with schizophrenia and comorbid affective and anxiety disorders. Although various causal explanations are plausible, all point toward the need for enhanced cross-cultural competence at all levels of mental health care, especially in the diagnosis and treatment of comorbid psychiatric illnesses.     

Quality of care for primary care patients with anxiety disorders

OBJECTIVE: This study evaluated quality of care for primary care patients with anxiety disorders in university-affiliated outpatient clinics in Los Angeles, San Diego, and Seattle. METHOD: Three hundred sixty-six primary care outpatients who were diagnosed with panic disorder, generalized anxiety disorder, social phobia, and/or posttraumatic stress disorder (with or without major depression) were surveyed about care received in the prior 3 months. Quality indicators were mental health referral, anxiety counseling, and use of appropriate antianxiety medication during the previous 3 months. RESULTS: Approximately one-third of patients with anxiety disorders had received counseling from their primary care provider in the prior 3 months. Fewer than 10% had receiving counseling from a mental health professional that included multiple elements of cognitive behavior therapy. Approximately 40% had received appropriate antianxiety medications in the previous 3 months, although only 25% had received them at a minimally adequate dose and duration. Overall, fewer than one in three patients had received either psychotherapy or pharmacotherapy that met a criterion for quality care. In multivariate analyses, patients with comorbid depression and/or medical illness were more likely-and patients from ethnic minorities were less likely-to receive appropriate antianxiety medications. CONCLUSIONS: Rates of quality care for anxiety disorders are moderate to low in university-affiliated primary care practices. Although an appropriate type of pharmacotherapy was frequently used, it was often of inadequate duration. Cognitive behavior therapy was markedly underused. These findings emphasize the need for practice guidelines and implementation of quality improvement programs for anxiety disorders in primary care.     

Impact of comorbid anxiety disorders on health-related quality of life among patients with major depressive disorder

OBJECTIVE: This study examined the impact of comorbid anxiety disorders-posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), generalized anxiety disorder, and panic disorder-on health-related quality of life among primary care patients enrolled in a collaborative care depression intervention study for the Department of Veterans Affairs (VA). METHODS: Baseline data were used from 324 participants in the Telemedicine Enhanced Antidepressant Management (TEAM) Study, a multisite randomized effectiveness trial targeting VA primary care patients with depression. Health-related quality of life was measured by using the Quality of Well-Being Scale, self-administered version (QWB-SA) and the mental component summary (MCS-12V) and physical component summary (PCS-12V) of the 12-item Short Form Health Survey for Veterans (SF-12V). RESULTS: A majority of participants (69 percent) had at least one anxiety disorder. Generalized anxiety disorder and PTSD predicted scores on the QWB-SA. PTSD predicted scores on the PCS-12V, but none of the comorbid anxiety disorders predicted scores on the MCS-12V. In addition, social support, depression severity, and the number of chronic medical conditions significantly predicted QWB-SA scores; the number of self-reported chronic physical health conditions and the number of depression episodes significantly predicted PCS-12V scores; and social support and depression severity significantly predicted MCS-12V scores. CONCLUSIONS: According to scores on the QWB-SA, generalized anxiety disorder and PTSD comorbid with major depressive disorder impair health-related quality of life above and beyond major depressive disorder alone.