绿茶提取物对人卵巢癌SKOV3细胞生长增殖的影响及其作用途径

目的:探讨绿茶提取物(green tea extract,GTE)对人卵巢癌SKOV3细胞株生长增殖的影响及其作用途径。方法:应用MTT法观察SKOV3细胞生长增殖的情况;光学显微镜观察SKOV3细胞的形态学变化;流式细胞术(FCM)检测SKOV3细胞周期及凋亡的情况;DAPI标记法观察细胞凋亡形态变化;Western blotting检测p-ERK1/2、ERK1/2、Caspase-3及Bcl-xl等相关蛋白的表达水平。结果:随GTE浓度的增加及作用时间的延长,SKOV3细胞存活率逐渐降低(P<0.01),SKOV3细胞数目逐渐减少,细胞受损逐渐增多;经GTE(80μg/L)处理24h、48h、72h的SKOV3,G0/G1期细胞比例与对照组比均显著减少(P<0.01),S期细胞比例及sub-G0期细胞比例与对照组比均显著升高(P<0.01),而添加GTE24h后,G2/M期细胞比例与对照组比明显升高(P<0.05);DAPI标记示有典型的凋亡小体;经GTE(40μg/L、80μg/L)作用24h后与对照组比,SKOV3细胞中p-ERK1/2、Bcl-xl蛋白表达下调,p-ERK1/2分别为0.334±0.030、0.053±0.140(P<0.01);Bcl-xl分别为0.410±0.026、0.267±0.020(P<0.01);Caspase-3蛋白分别为0.128±0.090、0.287±0.028,与对照组相比显著升高(P<0.01),而ERK1/2蛋白则未见明显变化(P>0.05)。结论:GTE在体外能有效地抑制SKOV3细胞的生长,其作用途径可能是通过抑制ERK信号通路的转导,导致细胞周期阻滞,并下调Bcl-xl、上调Caspase-3,最终导致SKOV3细胞凋亡。     

Prenatal exclusion/confirmation of Fanconi anemia via flow cytometry: a pilot study

OBJECTIVE: To explore the potential of flow cytometry in the prenatal exclusion or confirmation of Fanconi anemia (FA). METHODS: Indications for prenatal diagnosis were (1) FA-negative family history, but suspicious ultrasound findings such as radial ray aplasia, (2) FA-positive family history, but without knowledge of the affected gene and/or mutation. Amniotic fluid (AF) cell cultures and umbilical cord (UC) blood cultures were assayed for typical cell cycle changes (G2-phase accumulations) without and with mitomycin C (MMC) treatments using single- and dual-parameter (BrdU-Hoechst) flow cytometry. RESULTS: Single-parameter flow cytometry correctly identified 2 positive and 9 negative cases on the basis of MMC sensitivity of cultivated AF cells. Likewise, 8 negative and 2 positive cases were correctly predicted using bivariate flow cytometry of 72-hour UC blood cultures. In contrast, bivariate flow cytometry applied to AF cells grown in the presence of bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU) yielded false-positive and false-negative results. CONCLUSIONS: Single-parameter flow cytometry of AF cell cultures and bivariate flow cytometry of UC cell cultures have the potential to correctly predict the affected status in cases at risk for FA, whereas bivariate flow cytometry proved unreliable when applied to BrdU-substituted AF cell cultures. Cases with a low a priori risk (e.g. sonographic finding of radial ray abnormalities and negative family history) would benefit most from flow cytometry as a rapid and economical prenatal screening procedure.     

人树突状细胞与CD137单抗联合体外抗宫颈癌的实验研究

目的 :研究树突状细胞 (DCs)联合CD137单抗对HeLa宫颈癌细胞系体外生长的抑制作用。方法 :外周血单核细胞体外经细胞因子GM CSF、IL 4的诱导获得DCs ,流式细胞术检测DCs相关表型及协同刺激分子CD137的表达。MTT法分别检测DCs以及DCs联合CD137单抗对HeLa细胞的生长抑制作用。结果 :诱导 5～ 7d后的悬浮细胞具有典型的树突状细胞形态。流式细胞术检测结果显示 ,MHCⅡ类分子HLA DR的表达率为中等水平 ,单核 巨噬细胞系表面标志CD14表达率小于 5 % ;CD137的表达率为 9.77% ,LPS诱导成熟后CD137的表达率增加为 36 .0 6 %。当DCs与HeLa细胞的效靶比为 1.2 5 :1、2 .5 :1、5 :1、10 :1时 ,DCs对HeLa细胞的抑瘤率分别为 6 .17%、5 .75 %、2 3.4 6 %、2 1.4 8% ;当效靶比为5 :1时 ,DCs联合CD137单抗抑制HeLa细胞生长的作用 ,比DCs单独抑制HeLa细胞生长的作用明显增强 ,其抑瘤率由 2 5 .4 4%提高到 5 7.0 7% (P <0 .0 5 )。结论 :DCs联合CD137单抗 ,体外具有显著的抗宫颈癌作用 ,为宫颈癌的防治提供了新思路。     

雌、孕激素对人早孕蜕膜基质细胞中B淋巴细胞激活因子受体(BAFFR)表达的影响

目的:初步探讨B淋巴细胞激活因子受体(Bcells-activating factor receptor,BAFFR)在胚胎植入调控中的作用。方法:选取正常早孕妇女人工流产蜕膜组织,分离、提纯早孕蜕膜基质细胞(decidual stromal cells,DSC),培养于含10%去激素胎牛血清培养基内,分为雌二醇(E2)组、孕酮(P4)组、E2+P4组和空白对照(C)组,培养96h。MTT检测细胞的增殖能力;Real-time PCR检测BAFFR mRNA;流式细胞仪检测BAFFR蛋白表达。结果:与C组比较,各实验组DSC增殖能力及BAFFR mRNA水平均无明显变化(P>0.05);BAFFR蛋白定位于DSC胞内,且E2+P4可显著上调其表达(P<0.05)。结论:正常人早孕DSC表达高水平的BAFFR,雌、孕激素联合对其有显著的上调作用,提示BAFFR可能参与胚胎植入的调控及早孕期母-胎界面的免疫调节。     

耐紫杉醇卵巢癌细胞亚系SKOV3-TR30的建立及特征

目的:建立可靠的耐紫杉醇细胞模型。方法:采用中等剂量间歇作用法结合低剂量持续诱导法及克隆稀释技术,从人卵巢癌细胞系SKOV3建立对紫杉醇耐药的亚系SKOV3-TR30;MTT法测定药物的细胞毒作用;HE染色和透射电镜观察细胞形态的特征:流式细胞术检测两种细胞的细胞周期分布。结果:SKOV3-TR30的耐药指数达27.5,对多西紫杉醇、和美新、阿霉素、诺考达唑有不同程度的交叉耐药性,对铂尔定无交叉耐药性。与SKOV3相比,SKOV3-TR30的倍增时间延长,G0/G1期细胞比率下降,体积较大,多核更明显,胞浆中细胞器也更丰富。结论:成功建立了耐紫杉醇的卵巢癌细胞亚系SK-OV3-TR30,为深入研究肿瘤对紫杉醇耐药的机制、寻找逆转耐药的措施提供了可靠的体外实验模型。     

Separation of sperm and vaginal cells with flow cytometry for DNA typing after sexual assault.

BACKGROUND: Successful DNA typing after rape is limited when only a few sperm and numerous vaginal cells are recovered from a swab, resulting in an extremely unfavorable ratio of male to female DNA. The goal of this study was to develop a protocol involving sperm cell sorting with flow cytometry based on differences in ploidy, major histocompatibility class I, CD45, and cytokeratin expression. METHOD: Vaginal lavages were mixed with serially diluted ejaculate. After immunostaining and stoichiometric nuclear staining, spermatocytes were isolated by fluorescence-activated cell sorting. All sorted cells were used for DNA extraction and subsequent quantitative fluorescent multiplex polymerase chain reaction. The preferential lysis was performed for comparison. EXPERIENCE: The sorting procedure was superior to the preferential lysis method within all tested conditions. In unfavorable dilutions, the male DNA could be identified only after cell sorting with flow cytometry. CONCLUSION: We were able to show that separation of sperm and vaginal cells using cell sorting with flow cytometry may be crucial when there are only microtraces of sperm detectable after rape.     

阿司匹林联用PT化疗抑制人宫颈癌细胞株HeLa增殖的研究

目的:研究阿司匹林(ASA)联用PT方案[奥沙利铂(OXA)+多西紫杉醇(DOC)]抑制人宫颈癌细胞株HeLa增殖的作用。方法:倒置相差显微镜观察细胞形态学变化,MTT法检测并计算各组药物的细胞抑制率,流式细胞仪(FCM)检测细胞周期变化及细胞凋亡率。结果:ASA可抑制HeLa细胞生长,作用24h时将肿瘤细胞聚集在G0/G1期并可诱导细胞凋亡。ASA与PT联用可显著抑制HeLa细胞增殖(P<0.05),不同时间PT增敏比依次为1.33、1.32、1.56,且联合用药诱导细胞凋亡作用显著增强。结论:ASA与PT方案协同可抑制人宫颈癌HeLa细胞株增殖,ASA有望用于宫颈癌的内科治疗。     

顺铂与姜黄素联用抑制人卵巢癌细胞株3AO增殖作用的研究

目的:研究顺铂（cDDP）对姜黄素抑制人卵巢癌细胞株3AO增殖的影响。方法:采用MTT法计算细胞存活率,Giemsa染色观察细胞形态变化及细胞凋亡情况,用流式细胞术检测细胞周期变化及细胞凋亡率。结果:姜黄素可明显抑制3AO细胞的生长,其半数生长抑制率（IC_50）约为27.8μmol/L;姜黄素将肿瘤细胞聚集在S期和G2/M期并可诱导细胞凋亡。cDDP与各种浓度姜黄素联合可显著抑制3AO细胞增殖（P<0.01）。姜黄素和cDDP均可在一定程度上诱导细胞凋亡,两种药物联用后,诱导细胞凋亡作用显著增强。结论:姜黄素可与cDDP协同抑制人卵巢癌细胞株3AO的增殖。其协同作用的机制可能与诱导细胞凋亡有关。     

Neogenin对人滋养细胞RGMa、DAPK、Neogenin mRNA表达及细胞凋亡的影响

目的:观察不同浓度Neogenin对人滋养细胞RGMa、DAPK、Neogenin表达的影响,以阐明Neogenin在滋养细胞凋亡过程中的作用。方法:先用含0,0.5,1,5,10及50ng/ml的Neogenin无血清培养基预处理TEV-1细胞24h,用噻唑蓝(MTT)比色、流式细胞术(FCM)检测细胞增殖指数及凋亡率;用实时定量PCR检测TEV-1细胞RGMa、DAPK、Neogenin mRNA的变化。结果:MTT、FCM检测表明Neogenin能诱导TEV-1凋亡,且呈一定的浓度依赖性,Neogenin对TEV-1细胞增殖无明显影响。TEV-1细胞RGMa mRNA的表达水平依次为空白对照组(0ng/ml Neogenin)的0.62±0.04,0.90±0.04,0.97±0.04,0.90±0.03及0.75±0.03;DAPK mRNA的表达水平依次为空白对照组的0.68±0.02,0.35±0.01,0.74±0.01,0.51±0.01及0.33±0.01;Neogenin mRNA的表达水平依次为空白对照组的1.45±0.03,1.80±0.05,1.22±0.08,1.47±0.00及1.14±0.00。即随着Neogenin浓度增加,TEV-1细胞内DAPK mRNA表达下调,Neogenin mRNA表达上升,RGMa mRNA的表达水平基本不变。结论:Neogenin可促进TEV-1细胞凋亡,这一过程可能是经DAPK途径调控的。     

Upregulation of FasL by LPA on ovarian cancer cell surface leads to apoptosis of activated lymphocytes

OBJECTIVE: Constitutive expression and upregulation of FasL by malignant epithelial cells counterattack infiltrating natural killer (NK) cells and cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) and induce apoptosis of normal cells within the tumor, which may induce metastasis. As little is known about the mechanisms that regulate expression of Fas ligand and the subsequent release of FasL in epithelial ovarian cancer cells (EOC), we investigated the effects of lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) on FasL expression and associated signaling pathways. METHODS: We used established EOC cell lines that were incubated with or without LPA and FasL expression was detected by flow cytometry. Cells were additionally lysed and detected for total protein expression. Activated CD4+ T cells, after coculture with or without EOC, were collected for apoptosis staining and analysis by flow cytometry. RESULTS: Flow cytometry showed that LPA strongly upregulated FasL expression on the OVCAR3 cell surface (P < 0.01), yet in Dov13 cells, LPA significantly upregulated FasL expression only in the presence of the general matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) inhibitors GM6001 and MMP inhibitor II (P < 0.01). The MEK/ERK1/2 kinase cascade is required for FasL upregulation, since the MEK inhibitor PD98059 significantly inhibited FasL upregulation induced by LPA (P < 0.01). Type II secretory phospholipase A2 (sPLA2-II), which promotes protein exocytosis from secretory vesicles and gelatinase granules, affects FasL translocation from intracellular to the cell surface. Pretreatment of Dov13 cells with LPA increased activated T cell apoptosis in cocultures. CONCLUSIONS: These data suggest that upregulation of FasL by LPA provides EOC immune-privilege and leads to apoptosis of activated T lymphocytes.     

The use of ATP bioluminescence assay and flow cytometry in predicting radiosensitivity of uterine cancer cell lines: correlation of radiotoxicity and cell cycle kinetics.

Radiotherapy remains an important part of uterine cancer treatment. This study was designed to evaluate the potential of the ATP bioluminescence assay and flow cytometry for predicting radiosensitivity. Correlation of these two modalities revealed important insights into the relationship of radiotoxicity and cell kinetic effects. Six human uterine cancer cell lines were used: AE7, ECC1, HEC1A, HEC1B, AN3, and SKUT1B. Doses of cobalt 60 were 0, 1, 2, 5, 8, and 10 Gy. The ATP bioluminescence assays were performed on Day 7. Cell samples were taken at 0, 24, 48, 72, 96, and 168 hr for flow cytometry. The linear-quadratic model was used to fit survival data and mean inactivation dose D was calculated. Among parameters such as D, alpha and beta coefficients, and surviving fraction at 2 Gy (SF2), both D and SF2 correlated best with survival data. Radiation effects on the cell cycle did not correlate with D and revealed two distinct patterns: either a G1 accumulation with mild G2 block or a G1 depletion and severe G2 block. The S cells consistently demonstrated a biphasic pattern with an initial reduction followed by an accumulation. In summary, the ATP assay was shown to have potential in the study of radiosensitivity. Radiation-induced cell kinetics appeared to vary with intrinsic cellular differences and, thus, could not be used to predict radiosensitivity.     

IL-2 enhances standard IFNgamma/LPS activation of macrophage cytotoxicity to human ovarian carcinoma in vitro: a potential for adoptive cellular immunotherapy.

OBJECTIVE: The objective was to evaluate the enhancement of human peritoneal macrophage cytotoxic in vitro activity by the addition of interleukin-2 (IL-2) to the standard interferon gama (IFNgamma) and lipopolysaccharide (LPS) activation procedure used for cellular adoptive immunotherapy in a human ovarian cancer system. This cytotoxic effect of these activated macrophages was tested on cells from ovarian cancers of various stages, histology type, and grade, both prior to chemotherapy and at recurrence, in ovarian carcinoma cells lines and normal cells. Increased activation of the macrophage may make it a better candidate for intraperitoneal cellular adoptive immunotherapy as a component of ovarian cancer therapy. This was not a study of the mechanism of macrophage killing. METHODS: Ascites specimens were collected from 24 ovarian cancer patients at the time of surgery or by paracentesis. The mononuclear cell fraction was isolated by discontinuous density gradient centrifugation and used as a cellular source of peritoneal macrophages (PMs) and primary cultured ovarian cancer cells. PMs were separated by 1-h adhesion followed by intensive washing to remove floating cells. The floating cells were cultured for 24 h which left the cancer cells attached after unattached cells were removed by washing. These cells formed a monolayer of cancer cells, which could be subcultured in 22 patients. The cells from the third to fifth passages were used as target cells without coculture with other cells. PMs were identified by latex ingestion, and their purity after isolation by adhesion culture was tested by flow cytometry and immunofluorescence. PMs were activated by culturing in the presence of IFNgamma, with or without IL-2, for 18 h followed by the addition of LPS 6 h prior to use as effector cells in cytotoxicity assays. Ovarian cancer cells of both established cell lines and primary cultures were labeled with (51)Cr and utilized as target cells to quantitatively measure PM-mediated cytotoxicity. Ovarian cancer cells were also cocultured with PMs for morphologic observations to provide supporting evidence to the cytotoxicity assays. RESULTS: IL-2 enhances the cytotoxicity of the standard IFNgamma/LPS macrophage activation in this system. Peritoneal macrophages so activated are cytotoxic to autologous and allogenic primary cultured ovarian tumors and to ovarian carcinoma cell lines. The macrophages are cytotoxic to cells both prior to treatment and at recurrence, but the data from the few recurrent patients did reach statistical significance. This cytotoxicity is not MHC associated. Normal cells are minimally affected. CONCLUSIONS: IL-2 augmented the standard IFNgamma/LPS method of activating peritoneal macrophage cell killing of human ovarian cancer cells in this in vitro system. The cell killing occurred with autologous and allogenic tumor cells from patients with primary and possibly recurrent tumors. Activated PMs minimally affected the normal cells tested. This enhanced activation may improve the disappointing results of previous adoptive cellular immunotherapy human trials and should be considered for ovarian cancer clinical trials.     

Stage IIa cervix carcinoma with metastasis to the heart: report of a case with immunohistochemistry, flow cytometry, and virology findings

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to report a stage IIa squamous cell cervix carcinoma with intraperitoneal carcinomatosis and metastasis to the heart in a 50-year-old woman and to study the original tumor for expression of oncogenes and tumor suppressor gene proteins, for DNA ploidy, and for human papillomavirus (HPV) infection. METHODS: Clinical course, histopathology of the original tumor, and autopsy record were rewieved. The original tumor was analyzed for expression of CD44 variant 6, p16, p21, p53, retinoblastoma (Rb), and c-erb-2. DNA flow cytometry was performed on tissue samples from the original tumor and from the heart. Sequences of the HPV genome on cervical and cardiac tissue samples were amplified by polymerase chain reaction. RESULTS: Immunohistochemical analysis showed expression of CD44v6 and p16. No expression of p21, Rb, c-erb-B2, and p53 was seen. DNA flow cytometry of the original cervical tumor showed a DNA index (DI) of 1.0. DNA flow cytometry of tissue samples from the posterior wall and from the right ventricle of the heart showed two different aneuploid cell populations with DI of 1.6 and 2.2, respectively. HPV gene sequences were identified neither in the original tumor nor in the heart. CONCLUSIONS: To our knowledge, this is the first case of cervix carcinoma with metastasis to the heart with immunohistochemistry, flow cytometry, and virology findings.     

氧化苦参碱抑制子宫内膜癌细胞株Ishikawa的实验研究

目的:观察不同浓度氧化苦参碱(oxymatrine,Oxy)对人子宫内膜癌细胞株Ishikawa增殖抑制及诱导凋亡作用。方法:培养人子宫内膜癌细胞株Ishikawa,通过细胞形态学观察、CCK-8比色法检测细胞增殖,流式细胞仪检测细胞凋亡及细胞周期人工重组基底膜侵袭小室(transwell)观察细胞的侵袭力。结果:Oxy明显抑制Ishikawa增殖,并呈时效和量效关系,24h、48h、72h的IC50分别为8.07,4.62,3.22mg/ml;细胞周期发生明显改变。随着药物浓度增高,G1期细胞比例增加,S期细胞减少;流式细胞仪可检测到细胞凋亡现象,当Oxy浓度为10mg/ml时,细胞凋亡率65.4%;荧光显微镜可见细胞凋亡形态学变化;Ishikawa细胞侵袭基底膜的能力明显被抑制。结论:Oxy可抑制Ishikawa增殖,诱导Ishikawa细胞凋亡,有可能成为治疗子宫内膜癌的有效药物。     

Effect of activin A on tumor necrosis factor-alpha/intercellular adhesion molecule-1 pathway in endometrial stromal cells

OBJECTIVE[S]: Activin A and inhibin A are growth factors expressed by human endometrium involved in the control of endometrial functions. In the present study we investigated the effects of activin A and inhibin A in modulating the tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha/intercellular adhesion molecule (ICAM)-1 system in cultured human endometrial stromal cells. STUDY DESIGN: Endometrial samples were obtained from 34 reproductive age women undergoing laparoscopy for benign ovarian cysts or infertility. Endometrial stromal cells were cultured and soluble ICAM-1 and TNF-alpha were measured in cell-free supernatants following treatment with or without activin A or inhibin A. Cell surface ICAM-1 was assayed by flow cytometry by staining endometrial cells with specific monoclonal antibodies. RESULTS: Activin A and inhibin A did not influence either the expression of cell surface ICAM-1 or soluble ICAM-1 shedding by cultured endometrial cells. On the other hand, TNF-alpha secretion significantly increased in presence of activin A but not of inhibin A. CONCLUSIONS: Since TNF-alpha modulates several endometrial processes such as menstruation, proliferation, apoptosis, implantation and decidualization, an effect of activin A in the physiological control of endometrium is further supported by the present data.     

Translocation of Fas by LPA prevents ovarian cancer cells from anti-Fas-induced apoptosis

OBJECTIVES: Alterations in the expression of Fas have been demonstrated in various cancers as a mechanism for tumor cells to escape from immune surveillance. In this study, we observed the effect of lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) on Fas expression and function in ovarian cancer cells. METHODS: Ovarian cancer cell lines were incubated with or without LPA and Fas cell surface presentations were detected by flow cytometry. Anti-Fas IgM was added for induction and analysis of apoptosis by flow cytometry. Cell lysis and subcellular fractions were probed for protein expression by Western blot. Cells were also stained with human anti-Fas Ab, followed with Rhodamine red-X-conjugated goat anti-mouse IgG, and immunofluorescence images were acquired on a Nikon digital camera. RESULTS: Following treatment with LPA, ovarian cancer cells showed significant rapid reduction of Fas presentation on the cell surface. LPA protected ovarian cancer cells from anti-Fas-induced apoptosis. Cell lysis and subcellular fractionations proved that LPA treatment induced a translocation of Fas receptors, along with phosphorylated ezrin, from the membrane anchored to the actin cytoskeleton, to the cytosol. Translocation of the Fas receptor reduced Fas concentration in the membrane and may inhibit its clustering and internalization during early apoptosis induced by anti-Fas. DISC staining proved that LPA inhibited Fas receptor aggregation and caspase-8 activation at the membrane, which further inhibited caspase-3 and 7 activation in the cytosol. CONCLUSIONS: Our studies suggest that LPA induces translocation of Fas from the cell membrane to the cytosol, which may provide a mechanism by which ovarian cancer cells evade FasL-bearing immune cells.     

NK-1受体拮抗剂对Ishikawa细胞抑制作用的研究

目的:探讨NK-1受体拮抗剂对子宫内膜癌Ishikawa细胞增殖、凋亡、细胞周期及侵袭影响。方法:体外培养子宫内膜腺癌Ishikawa细胞,将不同浓度NK-1受体拮抗剂与其共培养48h后,采用MTT法检测Ishikawa细胞增殖情况;采用流式细胞术检测细胞凋亡率及细胞周期分布;利用Transwell实验检测细胞侵袭能力。结果:NK-1受体拮抗剂可明显抑制Ishikawa细胞增殖(P0.05);促进细胞凋亡,使细胞周期中G0/G1期比例增加,S期及G2/M期比例降低(P均0.05);抑制细胞侵袭,并且其对Ishikawa细胞的这些作用均呈剂量依赖性。结论:NK-1受体拮抗剂可明显抑制子宫内膜癌细胞增殖、阻滞细胞周期、诱导凋亡及抑制侵袭,有望成为子宫内膜细胞治疗的新途径。