软组织肉瘤化疗新药临床研究进展

软组织肉瘤是一组来源于间叶组织的恶性肿瘤,目前的治疗仍是以手术为主的综合治疗,手术后约50%的患者可能发生远处血行转移。虽然局部放疗可以减少部分患者术后局部复发,但是化疗是综合治疗的重要组成部分,对于降低肿瘤局部复发和减少远处转移、提高患者生存率和改善生活质量有积极作用。     

软组织肉瘤内科规范化治疗及其进展

软组织肉瘤(soft-tissue sarcomas,STS)是一组来源于间叶组织的恶性肿瘤,目前的治疗仍是以手术为主的综合治疗,手术后约50%的患者可能发生远处血行转移。虽然局部放疗可以减少部分患者的术后局部复发,但是化疗和分子靶向治疗是综合治疗的重要组成部分,对于降低肿瘤局部复发、减少远处转移、提高患者生存率和改善生活质量也有着积极的作用。     

力尔凡配合放射治疗鼻咽癌的临床观察

鼻咽癌治疗失败的主要原因为局部复发和远处转移,因此提高肿瘤的局部控制率和减少远处转移是提高治疗鼻咽癌疗效的关键。     

三阴性乳腺癌患者综合治疗的预后分析

目的 探讨三阴性乳腺癌患者综合治疗的预后分析.方法 选择72例三阴性乳腺癌患者(观察组)以及80例非三阴性乳腺癌患者(对照组)作为研究对象,两组患者均经常规的乳腺癌综合治疗,随访5年观察记录两组患者的乳腺癌局部复发、远处转移以及生存情况,进行分析对比.结果 观察组中局部复发40例(55.6％),远处转移30例(41.7％),死亡15例(20.8％);对照组中局部复发18例(22.5％),远处转移8例(10.0％),死亡7例(8.8％);观察组5年局部复发率和远处转移率明显高于对照组,观察组患者5年生存率低于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(P＜0.05).结论 三阴性乳腺癌患者综合治疗后的预后不如非三阴性乳腺癌患者,其具有较高的复发、转移率和死亡风险.     

乳腺癌首次治疗后复发的再治疗分析（附71例报告）

目的 :探讨乳腺癌首次治疗后复发转移患者再治疗后的生存及预后情况。方法 :回顾性分析局部复发的乳腺癌患者采用放疗或化疗结合放疗 ,远处转移乳腺癌患者采用转移灶局部放疗和全身化疗的效果。结果 :(1)首次治疗后复发及转移未再治疗 2 0例 1年内死亡 ,胸壁或 和淋巴结复发治疗后 1年、3年、5年生存率分别为72 73% (2 4 33)、4 8 38% (15 31)、18 5 2 % (5 2 7) ,远处转移患者经治疗后 1年、3年、5年生存率分别为 6 1 11%(11 18)、16 6 7% (3 18)、6 6 7% (1 15 ) ;(2 )再治疗后局部复发组死于复发 8例 ;远处转移组 4例死于转移灶未控 ,13例死于多部位癌转移。结论 :采用综合治疗为主方案 ,可提高复发和转移的乳腺癌患者的生存质量     

卡铂或顺铂加氟尿嘧啶对头颈部鳞癌诱导化疗的疗效分析

局部中晚期头颈部鳞癌,以放射治疗为主,治疗失败的主要原因是局部复发和远处转移。放疗前诱导化疗使局部肿瘤缩小,减少乏氧细胞,有利于放疗;同时可以消灭临床病灶,减少远处转移［１］。我们对１９９５年—１９９７年５７例局部中晚期头颈部鳞癌患者,放疗前应用卡铂...     

乳腺癌根治术后10年以上的局部复发原因分析

进展期乳腺癌的治疗仍以根治性切除为主,手术治疗失败的主要原因是局部复发和远处转移,局部复发和远处转移多发生在术后３ａ内。术后１０ａ以上局部复发者较少见,我们收治１０例乳腺癌术后１０ａ以上局部复发患者,现分析如下。１临床资料本组１０例患者均为女性,临床...     

乳腺癌首次治疗后复发的再治疗分析(附71例报告)

目的：探讨乳腺癌首次治疗后复发转移患者再治疗后的生存及预后情况。方法：回顾性分析局部复发的乳腺癌患者采用放疗或化疗结合放疗，远处转移乳腺癌患者采用转移灶局部放疗和全身化疗的效果。结果：(1)首次治疗后复发及转移未再治疗20例1年内死亡，胸壁或／和淋巴结复发治疗后1年、3年、5年生存率分别为72.73％(24／33)、48.38％(15／31)、18.52％(5／27)，远处转移患者经治疗后1年、3年、5年生存率分别为61.11％(11／18)、16.67％(3／18)、6.67％(1／15)；(2)再治疗后局部复发组死于复发8例；远处转移组4例死于转移灶未控，13例死于多部位癌转移。结论：采用综合治疗为主方案，可提高复发和转移的乳腺癌患者的生存质量。     

乳腺癌术后局部复发与远处转移的关系

目的 :探讨乳腺癌术后局部复发与远处转移的关系。方法 :根据 1993～ 1999年收治的局部复发与远处转移的 68例乳腺癌患者复发与转移出现的先后顺序及比例进行回顾性分析。结果 :无局部复发而发生远处转移 19例 ,局部复发伴远处转移 4 9例。 4 9例中先有局部复发而后出现远处转移者 33例 ,占 67 3% ;局部复发同时伴有远处转移者 16例 ,占 32 7%。结论 :乳腺癌术后远处转移与局部复发有关 ,且多发生在局部复发后 1年左右。     

乳腺癌局部复发与远处转移关系的回顾性分析

目的：探讨乳腺癌局部复发和远处转移的关系及其相关因素。方法：收集我院诊治的乳腺癌根治术后经病理确诊首次局部复发且资料相对完整的97例女性患者,回顾性分析其临床特点和治疗结果。结果：97例患者中发生远处转移者75例,中位转移时间为15．2个月。单因素分析表明淋巴结转移数目、肿瘤大小和激素受体状况是影响复发后转移中位时间的相关因素。胸壁、腋窝、锁骨上区复发后转移中位时间分别为17．0、16．3和16．0个月,≥2个部位复发者发生转移中位时间为10个月,P=0．033。化疗组和未化疗组复发后发生远处转移间隔分别为16．0和11．9个月,P=0．084。内分泌治疗组和未接受内分泌治疗组复发后发生远处转移间隔分别为24．3和12．7个月,P=0．021。结论：乳腺癌局部复发是远处转移的标志。评价化疗在复发患者治疗中的作用尚需设计更严谨的随机对照临床试验。     

The biological significance of failure at the primary site on ultimate survival in soft tissue sarcoma

Local tumor recurrence after complete resection may be due to treatment factors or represent a manifestation of tumor biology. The association of local tumor recurrence, distant metastases, and death in patients undergoing treatment for extremity soft tissue sarcoma (STS) has been described but continues to be enigmatic. After definitive multimodality treatment for extremity STS, local tumor recurrence is associated with development of distant metastasis, and metastases are implicated in subsequent disease-specific death. The relationship is an enigma, and the causality is unclear. Conversely, for patients with retroperitoneal STS, a direct relationship between local tumor recurrence and disease-specific death has been shown. In this article, current concepts are analyzed and reviewed.     

Effective follow-up strategies in soft tissue sarcoma.

The value of surveillance for detection of recurrences in patients with soft tissue sarcoma (STS) after definitive surgical resection of the primary tumor is based on the premise that early recognition and treatment of local or distant recurrence can prolong survival. Surveillance strategies should meet the criteria of easy implementation, accuracy, and cost-effectiveness. Although guidelines have been proposed for follow-up of patients with STS, there are few data in the medical literature on the effectiveness of these recommendations. We reviewed the effectiveness of a surveillance program for primary extremity STS in an effort to provide an evidence-based rationale for follow-up of STS. We concluded that clinical assessment of patient symptoms, chest X-ray imaging, and physical examination are effective strategies for follow-up of extremity STS. Chest X-ray imaging also appears to be cost-effective, at least for high-grade extremity STS. Imaging of the primary extremity site by computed tomography (CT) scan or magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) on an annual basis and routine laboratory blood tests were ineffective strategies for recurrence detection. However, certain patient characteristics such as body habitus, previous radiation therapy, and location of the primary tumor site may require the use of CT scans and MRI for adequate clinical assessment. The role of specific surveillance strategies for recurrence detection for sarcomas of the trunk, head and neck, retroperitoneum, and viscera has yet to be defined.     

70例肢体软组织肉瘤临床分析

目的 探讨肢体软组织肉瘤(LSTS)的临床特点,并分析影响LSTS患者预后的影响因素.方法 回顾性分析70例LSTS患者的临床资料,包括年龄、性别、肿瘤直径、肿瘤位置、病理分期以及手术外科切缘等临床资料,并对患者进行随访,分析LSTS患者局部复发和发生全身转移的影响因素.结果 术后随访期间,70例LSTS患者中,局部复发患者为15例,局部复发率为21.43%;发生全身转移的患者为22例,全身转移率为31.43%;初治、广泛切除肿瘤以及外科切缘阴性LSTS患者的术后局部复发率和全身转移率低;LSTS患者的术后局部复发率和全身转移率随着FNCLCC分级和MSTS分期的升高而升高,而与LSTS患者的年龄、性别、肿瘤直径、肿瘤位置以及肿瘤深度无关(P﹥0.05).结论 LSTS患者应优先考虑广泛切除治疗,高分期、外科切缘阳性和二次治疗的LSTS患者术后应注意局部复发和全身转移情况的发生.     

术后辅助放疗对局限期软组织肉瘤疗效影响

目的 评价局限期软组织肉瘤(STS)的疗效并分析其预后因子,重点探讨术后放疗在STS治疗中的作用。方法 回顾分析2000—2010年7月在复旦大学附属肿瘤医院接受保留器官手术的203例STS患者,76例(37.4%)接受辅助放疗,采用前后对穿野放疗技术,剂量45~70 Gy。采用 Kaplan-Meier法计算生存率并Logrank法检验,Cox模型多因素分析。结果 随访率94.7%,5年OS、LFFS、DMFS率分别为69.1%、69.3%、68.0%。多因素分析显示病理亚型、大小、切缘状况和是否接受放疗是影响OS因素,其中放疗显著降低STS患者LR风险(HR=0.327,95%CI为0.177~0.605,P=0.000),放疗显著提高OS (HR=0.489,95%CI为0.266~0.897,P=0.021)。结论 术后放疗不仅可提高STS的LC还可改善患者OS,其作用值得进一步研究。     

Soft tissue sarcoma: preoperative and postoperative imaging for staging

Soft tissue sarcoma (STS) management requires accurate tumor imaging for staging, treatment planning, and clinical follow-up. Careful preoperative planning may prevent poor primary resections that place the patient at risk for more operations, local recurrence, and worse survival. Although MRI may be preferred for extremity STS, contrast-enhanced CT is an excellent alternative, with no decrease in ability to plan the operative strategy for limb-sparing resection. In retroperitoneal and other intra-abdominal STS, double (oral/intravenous) contrast-enhanced CT evaluates for liver metastases, defines surrounding vital structures that might be resected en bloc, identifies margins at risk for local recurrence, and shows surrounding organs at risk for toxicity during radiation therapy. Postoperative clinical follow-up and imaging must continue even beyond 5 years because of the continued risk of long-term relapse.     

Expression of heparanase in soft tissue sarcomas of adults

Background

Heparanase is an endo-β-D-glucuronidase that cleaves heparan sulfate chains of proteoglycans, resulting in the disassembly of the extracellular matrix. Heparanase has a central role in the development of various tumors, and its expression has been associated with increased tumor growth, angiogenesis and metastasis, but there is insufficient information about the function of heparanase in sarcomas.

Study aims

1) To evaluate heparanase levels in adult soft tissue sarcomas (STS); 2) To examine the correlation between heparanase levels and pathological and clinical parameters and treatment outcome.

Methods

Pathological specimens of primary or metastatic STS were subjected to immunohistochemical analysis applying an anti-heparanase antibody. The clinical and the pathological data, together with the data of heparanase levels, were evaluated in a logistic regression model for tumor recurrence and survival.

Results

One hundred and one samples were examined, 55 from primary tumors and 46 from metastatic sites. A high expression of heparanase was observed in 29 (52.7%) and 22 specimens (47.8%), respectively. There was no statistically significant difference between heparanase expressions in the primary vs. metastatic sites of tumors. Moreover, no correlation was observed between heparanase staining and tumor aggressiveness, tumor recurrence or patient survival in various groups of patients.

Conclusion

Expression of heparanase was observed in 50% of the STS, in various histological subtypes. A larger study with homogenous groups of specific sub-types of STS or stages of disease is required to validate over-expression of heparanase as a marker of disease aggressiveness.     

A staging system for soft-tissue sarcoma and its evaluation in relation to treatment

In order to define the significant factors for a staging system of soft-tissue sarcomas(STS), histologic and clinical findings in 190 adult patients with localized STS in the extremities and trunk were reviewed. The male-to-female ratio was 1.21. The histologic grading of tumors was defined according to the criteria recently proposed by us: tumors were low-grade in 65 cases, intermediate-grade in 57 cases and high-grade in 68 cases. The initial surgical procedure was as follows: intracapsular excision in 9 cases, marginal excision in 104 and wide local excision in 77, including 15 amputations. The mode of treatment was surgery alone (101 patients), surgery and chemotherapy (58), surgery and radiotherapy (22) and surgery and combined chemo- and radiotherapy (9). Univariate analysis revealed histologic grade, sex, tumor size and tumor depth to be significant prognostic factors. Multivariate analysis revealed histologic grade to be the only independent factor for prognosis. Significant clinical factors in each histologic grade were then evaluated. In the low-grade group, local recurrence significantly affected prognosis. Most of the patients with local recurrence had had marginal resection as the initial surgical procedure. No clinical factors affecting prognosis in the intermediate-grade group could be determined. In the high-grade group, patients with wide local excision and adjuvant chemotherapy had a better prognosis than those with marginal excision with or without adjuvant chemotherapy and wide local excision without chemotherapy (p=0.09). In conclusion, histologic grade was the only significant factor for the staging of STS. On the basis of our staging system, different modalities of treatment for each grade of STS might be indicated; adequate surgery is essential for the prevention of local recurrence, which resulted in reduced mortality in patients with low-grade STS. For high-grade STS, the prevention of distant metastasis by combined extensive surgery and adjuvant chemotherapy may make long-term survival possible.     

Metastases to the retroperitoneum in patients with extremity soft tissue sarcoma: an unusual metastatic pattern

BACKGROUND: Extremity soft tissue sarcoma (STS) metastasizes preferentially to the lungs via the hematogenous route. Metastases in extrapulmonary sites such as bone, brain, and subcutaneous tissues are observed less frequently. To the authors' knowledge, limb STS primarily metastasizing to the retroperitoneum has not been described to date. The current study reviews the clinical course, management, and patient prognosis in such a pattern of metastasis. METHODS: Records of patients with retroperitoneal metastases originating from an extremity STS between 1994-1998 were reviewed. Patient demographics, primary tumor site, other tumor sites, local recurrence, distant metastasis, treatment, and survival were analyzed. RESULTS: Ten patients were included in the study. All had primary STS of different histologic types and high histologic grade confined to a lower limb. The retroperitoneal metastases were diagnosed between 6-120 months (mean, 45 months) after diagnosis of the primary sarcoma. At that time, one patient had evidence of local recurrence of the primary tumor site, two patients had lung metastases, and one patient had diffuse bone metastases. Eight patients were eligible for surgery. In six of these patients the metastases were excised completely. The median follow up was 12 months. Of the six patients who underwent complete resection, 3 were alive at last follow-up with no evidence of disease after 12 months, 14 months, and 24 months, respectively. Two patients with recurrent retroperitoneal disease and one patient with retroperitoneal and lung metastases died despite systemic chemotherapy. CONCLUSIONS: Extremity STS can metastasize hematogenously to the retroperitoneum, a fact that mandates a high index of suspicion and abdominal imaging studies during the follow-up of such patients. Retroperitoneal metastases necessitate aggressive surgical resection to enable prolongation of survival.     

Hyperthermia in soft tissue sarcoma

Patients with high-risk soft tissue sarcomas (STS)–FNCLCC grade 2–3, size >5 cm, deep to the fascia—are at risk for developing local recurrence and distant metastasis despite surgical tumor resection. Therefore, the management of high–risk STS requires a multidisciplinary approach. Besides surgery, radiotherapy, and chemotherapy, regional hyperthermia (RHT) has the potential to become the fourth standard treatment modality for the treatment of these patients. RHT means non-invasive selective heating of the tumor area to temperatures within the range of 40–43°C for 60 min by the use of an electromagnetic heating device. Thereby RHT is always applied in addition to radiotherapy or chemotherapy or both but is not effective as a single treatment. Beside direct cytotoxicity, RHT in combination with chemotherapy enhances the drug cytotoxicity mainly by increased chemical reaction and intratumoral drug accumulation. For the neoadjuvant setting, RHT in combination with a doxorubicin- and ifosfamide-based chemotherapy has been shown to dramatically improve the tumor response rate but also prevents from early disease progression as compared to chemotherapy alone. The addition of RHT to a multimodal treatment of high-risk STS consisting of surgery, radiotherapy, and chemotherapy either in the neoadjuvant setting but also after incomplete or marginal tumor resection has been shown to significantly improve local recurrence- and disease-free survival. Based on these results and in conjunction with the low RHT-related toxicity, RHT combined with preoperative or postoperative chemotherapy should be considered as an additional standard treatment option for the multidisciplinary treatment of locally advanced high-grade STS.