护士人格特质与工作场所暴力相关性研究

目的调查护士人格特质及工作场所暴力现状,探讨二者关系。方法采用工作场所暴力量表和中国大五人格问卷-简版调查1 354名临床护士。结果 1 354名护士中,1年内工作场所暴力发生率为60.93%,以低频度为主(83.15%),遭受两种以上暴力类型护士占16.85%;护士人格特征以宜人性(37.78±5.83分)为主;Logistic回归分析结果显示,护士人格特质中神经质是工作场所暴力的影响因素(P0.01)。结论护士人格特征与工作场所暴力关系密不可分,护理管理者在护士职业培训、执业选择、工作分配时,应重视护士人格特质,从而提高护理品质,降低工作场所暴力发生率。     

Student nurses' experiences of caring for patients in pain

Poor pain assessment contributes to inadequate pain relief. Studies in the United States have shown that while student nurses become more sensitive to psychological distress during training, they become less sensitive to pain. However, a recent study by the authors in the United Kingdom found that while inferences of psychological distress increased there was no change in inferences of pain over the common foundation programme. This study set out to explore their experiences of caring for patients in pain during the first 18 months of their training in order to understand how these experiences might affect their sensitivity to patient's pain. Interviews with 15 students following their common foundation programme showed that they experienced a wide range of strong emotions when caring for patients in pain. Their relatively junior status in the wards seemed to place them in difficult positions and provided them with little support. Theories of desensitisation, cognitive dissonance and acculturation have been proposed to explain decreasing sensitivity to pain. The lack of a significant change in students' inferences of pain and the analysis of their interviews suggest that their experiences are more varied than these theories suggest. The students experiences echo those found in previous studies relating to the socialisation of student nurses and emotional labour (Melia, 1987. Learning and Working. The Occupational Socialization Nurses. Tavistock Publishers, London; Smith, 1992. The Emotional Labour of Nursing. Macmillan, London). These findings have important implications for both nurse education and the mechanisms to support student nurses in clinical practice.     

Registered nurses' experiences with caring for non-English speaking patients

AimTo explore registered nurses' experiences with caring for non-English speaking patients and understand how those experiences influence their clinical practice.BackgroundThere is limited literature that examines nurses’ perceptions on caring for non-English speaking populations and the impact this increasing population has on the nurse.MethodsAn exploratory, qualitative study was conducted. Content analysis was used to identify major themes.ResultsTwo major themes emerged from 17 registered nurses responses: availability of resources and changes in nursing practice. Themes revealed the availability of resources provided supportive structure or could be a challenge to providing care. Changes in clinical practice included: increased awareness of patients' needs, personal development, increased knowledge of culture, and more time and resource management.ConclusionsContinued efforts are needed to increase cultural competence and ensuring healthcare institutions have easily accessible resources to improve the patient–provider experience for this population.     

Understanding different religions when caring for diabetes patients

A significant and accelerating worldwide increase in the incidence of diabetes, coupled with growing population mobility, will lead to an urgent need for all nurses to develop a greater understanding of the role of different cultural and religious beliefs in diabetes control and care. In this article, the author presents a brief overview of the five major religions practised in the UK and the associated beliefs, customs and lifestyle factors that may affect the person with diabetes and his/her compliance with current advice and education with the aim of promoting culturally competent health care.     

The core of love when caring for patients suffering from addiction

Drug addiction is a serious health problem. The aim of this study was to gain an understanding of the core of love when caring for patients suffering from addiction. The study had a hermeneutical approach. Four nurses working at a detoxification unit were interviewed. Data were interpreted using a hermeneutical text interpretation based on Gadamer's hermeneutics. The results revealed the core of love in four dimensions: love as an inner driving force, searching for the human being behind the addiction, faith in the inner power of human beings and love as a movement of giving and receiving. The hermeneutical interpretation revealed the core of love as sacrifice, showing that sacrifice is an ethical dimension and that sacrifice involves searching for the patient's ontological suffering. Sacrifice is connected to faith, and faith in love is decisive for a life without drugs. Sacrifice involves being mutual gifts to one another, a self‐reinforcing motion of sacrifice that energizes the nurses to go on with their work.     

严重创伤患者的个性与应激障碍关系的研究

目的探讨严重创伤患者的个性与应激障碍的关系,为创伤患者的整体护理提供有效的科学护理依据。方法采用艾森克个性问卷(EPQ)对179例创伤患者进行个性测定,并分析患者个性与应激障碍发病情况和应激障碍症状消失时间的关系。结果外向情绪不稳定型个性的患者创伤后应激障碍的发生率最高,占75.40%,内向情绪不稳定型应激障碍症状消失的时间最长,为36.0±13.1 d。结论根据患者个性特征采取相适应的心理干预,可减少创伤患者的应激障碍及促进病程的转归。     

Re-establishing dignity: nurses' experiences of caring for older hospital patients

In western countries, the older population is increasing and with age follows a risk of un-health. Every fifth hospital patient is above 65 years of age. As a consequence, nursing care to older patients is a significant but tacit nursing issue. The aim of this study was to explore Danish clinical nurses' experiences of caring for older hospital patients. The study was based on Benner and Wrubel's phenomenological notion that caring as a special kind of involvement, a grasp of a situation in terms of its meaning, is primary in nursing. A qualitative secondary analysis of data from an interview study with 29 nurses and nurse assistants was performed following Van Manen's hermeneutic phenomenology. Findings show that caring mainly concerns 're-establishing dignity' especially through 'seeing the patient as a unique person', 'assisting in getting rid of the bed' and 'supporting patient appearance'. The study documents that caring for older people is about creating small everyday circumstances in which patient dignity can flourish. Shortcomings of a secondary analysis are discussed and suggestions for future research, such as how older hospital patients experience caring and dignity in relation to nursing care received, are suggested.     

护理人员组织公平感与工作满意度的相关性研究

目的调查护理人员的组织公平感、工作满意度的状况,分析两者的相关性。方法采用组织公平感量表和护士工作满意度量表,对14所医院525名护理人员进行调查。结果护理人员组织公平感总均分为(3.53±0.79)分;护理人员工作满意度总均分为(3.24±0.44)分;护士工作满意度总分及各因子得分与组织公平感总分及各因子得分均呈正相关(P0.01或P0.05)。结论提高护理人员组织公平感对提升护理人员工作满意度具有积极意义,医院应针对组织公平管理中的不足之处,采取有效措施,以提高护理人员的工作满意度,促进护理事业的发展。     

神经科患者陪护人员压力调查

目的 了解神经科患者陪护人员的压力状况,探讨影响压力的相关因素.方法 采用自行设计问卷,对北京某三级甲等医院神经外科及研究内科的陪护人员进行随机抽样调查,对其压力及影响因素进行分析.结果 陪护人员压力中最大的为社会压力,其次为身体压力和心理压力.亲属和雇用陪护人员的压力在身体和心理方面差异有统计学意义(P<0.05).影响压力的因素有患者的性别、年龄、工作状况、婚姻状况、意识状态、收入和陪护人员的性别、文化程度.结论 护理人员应加强对陪护群体的关注,减轻其压力,并尽可能满足其生理、心理和社会的需求,使陪护人员能有效地承担起照顾责任,更好地为患者服务,促进患者的康复.     

临床护士结构性授权与工作压力及工作倦怠关系模型的研究

目的 了解目前结构性授权、工作压力和工作倦怠的现状,探索三者之间的关系模型,为降低护士工作倦怠提供理论依据.方法 采用工作效能条件问卷、护士工作压力源量表、工作倦怠感量表,调查3所医院的350名护理人员,并对结果进行分析.结果 结构性授权整体均分为(2.23±0.59)分,处于中下水平;工作倦怠量表中情感衰竭得分为(29.75±13.94)分,个人成就感得分为(27.40±11.21)分,都属于高度倦怠感,去人格化得分为(8.07±5.82)分,为中度倦怠感;工作压力源量表中工作量及时间分配问题得分最高(3.23±0.95)分;结构性授权、工作压力和工作倦怠三者具有显著相关性;分层回归和结构方程模型技术结果表明,结构性授权和工作压力显著影响工作倦怠各因子,结构性授权显著影响工作压力,并通过工作压力的中介作用间接影响工作倦怠各因子.结论 管理者应该采取一定护理措施减少和消除护士压力源,构建有利于授权的正性工作环境,降低护士工作倦怠的水平.     

病人对照护关系的体验

目的:探讨中国病人对照护关系的感受及体验。方法:以现象学和第二分析法研究和分析中国南部某省会城市的2家医院与1家私人诊所的5个疗区内9个病人的访问。结果:照护关系是病人在失衡的状态下建立的互动性人际关系,因此照护关系的和谐性对病人的康复有重大的意义。结论:照护和谐性需要双方的维持,是相向性的。随着中国的经济形态改变,病人对照顾者提出了更高的要求,给照护关系和谐性的维持带来了新的冲击。