血清25-羟维生素D在佝偻病诊断中的应用价值

目的：探讨血清25 羟维生素D［25（OH）D］在维生素D缺乏性佝偻病早期诊断中的意义。方法：检测对照组（73例）、可疑组（45例）和佝偻病组（65例）的血清25（OH）D、钙、磷、碱性磷酸酶浓度,并通过ROC曲线对血清25（OH）D的诊断价值进行评价。结果：对照组、可疑组和佝偻病组的血清25（OH）D水平分别为112±37、83±30和72±31 nmol/L,后两者均显著低于对照组（F=26.174,P0.05）。可疑组和佝偻病组的维生素D缺乏率均显著高于对照组（χ2=33.346, P0.05）。结论：血清25(OH)D水平在可疑及确诊佝偻病的患儿中显著降低,可以反映维生素D的营养状况,适用于佝偻病的早期筛查。     

佝偻病维生素D受体基因多态性与25-羟维生素D3相关性

目的：研究1~3岁佝偻病患儿中维生素D受体基因多态性FokⅠ位点与佝偻病相关性,初步探讨维生素D受体基因多态性FokⅠ位点在佝偻病发病中的作用。方法：病例组（佝偻病患儿）62例与对照组（正常健康儿童）60例,用ELISA方法检测血清25-羟维生素D3水平,比较两组之间血清25-羟维生素D3水平。用聚合酶链反应-限制性片段长度多态性（PCR-RFLP）检测病例组和对照组维生素D受体基因多态性FokⅠ位点,比较两组之间基因型和等位基因分布频率。结果病例组血清25-羟维生素D3水平较对照组明显降低,差异有统计学意义（9.1±4.1 ng/mL vs 16.1±6.9 ng/mL;P＜0.05）。维生素D受体基因多态性FokⅠ位点病例组FF基因型明显高于对照组（53% vs 25%）,基因型分布频率差异有统计学意义（χ2=10.221,P＜0.05）,病例组F等位基因频率明显高于对照组（73% vs 57%）,等位基因分布频率差异有统计学意义（χ2=7.511,P＜0.05）。结论维生素D受体基因多态性FokⅠ位点与佝偻病有相关性,提示其在佝偻病遗传易感性方面起重要作用。［中国当代儿科杂志,2010,12（7）：544-546］     

血清25羟-维生素D3水平与儿童肥胖之间的关系

目的 探讨儿童血清25羟-维生素D3[25-(OH)D3]水平与体质量、肥胖程度、体质量指数(BMI)、血脂的关系,以及他们在肥胖儿童中可能的发生机制.方法 以2011年7月至2013年2月在无锡市妇幼保健院儿童营养门诊就诊的儿童为研究对象,共244例.调查所有受试者每日服用维生素D情况,测量身高、体质量、BMI及25-(OH)D3水平和微量元素,其中38例3岁以上肥胖儿童测定脂代谢水平.结果 1.肥胖儿童的血清25-(OH)D3水平为(68.31 ±23.06) nmol/L,其中36个月龄以上组肥胖儿童最低,为(55.03±15.18) nmol/L.2.肥胖组和超重组儿童血清25-(OH) D3水平远低于正常体质量组儿童水平(F=4.739,P＜0.05).3.重度肥胖儿童25-(OH) D3水平显著低于轻、中度肥胖儿童(F=9.711,P＜0.05).4.儿童体质量、身高/体质量百分比及BMI与25-(OH) D3水平呈负相关(r=-0.365、-0.237、-0.175,P均＜0.001).5.3岁以上肥胖儿童体质量、三酰甘油水平与25-(OH) D3均呈负相关(r=-0.476、-0.324,P均＜0.05).结论 血清25-(OH)D3水平降低与肥胖有关.其原因可能是肥胖者脂肪组织增多,维生素D滞留在脂肪细胞中,导致血清维生素D水平减低.肥胖儿童体内维生素D的消耗高于正常儿童,需要补充更多的维生素D才能达到正常25-(OH)D3水平.     

天津市婴幼儿维生素D水平及维生素D补充剂应用现状调查北大核心CSCD

目的对天津市3030例婴幼儿维生素D水平及维生素D补充剂应用状况进行调查,了解本地区婴幼儿维生素D营养状况以及维生素D补充剂应用过程中存在的问题。方法对所有研究对象采用酶联免疫吸附法测定血清25羟维生素D[25（OH）D]水平,将研究对象按年龄分为≤6个月、〉6～12个月、〉12—24个月、〉24—36个月4组,分析比较不同年龄／季节婴幼儿维生素D平均水平的差异。从中选取341例进行家长问卷调查,并测定其血红蛋白（Hb）和血清骨碱性磷酸酶（BALP）水平,比较不同喂养方式、孕周、出生体质量、Hb、BALP与维生素D水平的关系。结果婴幼儿25（OH）D平均水平为（60．24-26．2）nmol／L（12．9—286．0nmol／L）,缺乏率约为36．6％（1109／3030例）。〉24～36个月组维生素D水平为（47．22±21．93）nmol／L,明显低于其他各年龄组,差异有统计学意义（F=50．006,P〈0．01）,秋季维生素D水平为（62．00±27．42）nmol／L,明显高于其他季节,差异有统计学意义（F=2．750,P〈0．05）,早产儿25（OH）D水平为（50．21±18．27）nmol／L,显著低于足月儿,差异有统计学意义（F=12．355,P〈0．01）。维生素D补充剂的应用率为97．1％（331／341例）。结论天津地区婴幼儿维生素D补充剂的应用率虽然很高,但仍存在一定比例维生素D缺乏,这与补充过程中的依从性较差有关,因此加强宣教,提高家长的认知和认同,有效建立孕期及出生后各年龄段维生素D补充剂应用状况及维生素D水平的监测机制,可以考虑纳入现有妇幼保健建设体系中。     

早产儿出生时血清25-羟维生素D水平与支气管肺发育不良的相关性

目的分析早产儿出生时血清25-羟维生素D[25(OH)D]水平与支气管肺发育不良(BPD)的关系。方法选取2014年1月至2016年12月入住NICU、出生胎龄34周的早产儿,按是否患BPD分为BPD组(41例)和对照组(219例),分析25(OH)D水平与BPD的关系。结果 BPD组血清25(OH)D水平显著低于对照组(37±17 nmol/L vs 47±20 nmol/L;P0.05);维生素D缺乏率显著高于对照组(90.2%vs 74.0%,P0.05)。血清25(OH)D水平与BPD发生率呈负相关(r=-0.201,P=0.001)。结论早产儿维生素D缺乏可能与BPD发病有关,但需多因素分析进一步证实。     

支气管哮喘患儿血清25-羟维生素D3水平及其与肺功能、呼出气一氧化氮的关系

目的：了解支气管哮喘（简称哮喘）患儿血清25-羟维生素D3[25（OH）D3]水平及其与肺功能、呼出气一氧化氮（ FeNO）的关系,为哮喘的治疗提供新的策略。方法选取门诊6~14岁初诊哮喘患儿112例为观察组,选取同期在儿童保健科体检的6~14岁健康儿童78例为对照组,通过电化学发光法检测两组患儿血清中25（ OH）D3的含量,检测哮喘患儿呼气峰流速（ PEF）、第1秒用力呼气容积（ FEV1）、呼气峰流速占预计值百分比（ PEF％ pred ）、第1秒用力呼气容积占预计值百分比（ FEV1％ pred）,对观察组患儿进行FeNO检测。对25（ OH）D3与PEF％ pred、FEV1％ pred、FeNO的相关性进行分析。结果观察组的维生素 D 缺乏、不足比例均高于对照组（χ2＝7.78,P ﹤0.01）;PEF％ pred、FEV1％ pred的值随血清25（OH）D3水平的下降而降低（F＝28.12、29.56,P均﹤0.05）, FeNO值随血清25（OH）D3水平的下降反而升高（F＝15.65,P﹤0.05）。结论维生素D缺乏或不足与儿童哮喘相关,与哮喘患儿肺功能下降有关,且可增加哮喘患儿气道炎症水平。     

保健日光灯照射对婴幼儿血清25羟维生素D_3水平影响的研究

采用保健日光灯照射婴幼儿４４例，并设立未照射组小儿１８例作对照，观察血清２５羟维生素Ｄ３［２５（ＯＨ）Ｄ３］于实验前后的变化。结果：照射组２５（ＯＨ）Ｄ３平均增加（８０６±１９８）μｇ／Ｌ（Ｐ＜００１），而未照射组实验前后差值为（－２６７±１９８）μｇ／Ｌ。两组实验后比较亦有显著性差异。照射天数和有效暴露面积对保健日光灯预防佝偻病的效果亦有明显影响。     

石家庄市夏季汉族4月龄至14岁健康儿童血清25-羟维生素D和甲状旁腺素的关系

目的探讨汉族儿童青少年夏季血清25-羟维生素D(25OHD)和甲状旁腺素(PTH)水平的关系,以及儿童青少年是否存在PTH进入平台期的血清25OHD拐点值。方法河北医科大学第二医院儿科生长发育门诊于2011年6~8月及2012年6~8月向社会招募4月龄至14岁健康儿童青少年。分为1岁、~3岁、~6岁、~10岁和~14岁组。分别采用酶联免疫法和化学发光免疫分析法测定血清25OHD和全段PTH水平。对血清25OHD与PTH水平的关系分别行直线、二次多项式、指数和对数拟合等,计算血清PTH水平进入平台期的血清25OHD阈值。结果共招募632名健康儿童青少年,男童372名,女童260名。1血清25OHD和PTH水平的中位数(P25,P75)分别为56.7(42.2,76.4)nmol·L-1和2.5(2.0,3.3)pmol·L-1。2血清25OHD与PTH在除~10岁组外的其余年龄组中均呈负相关。3二次多项式回归方程能较好反映血清25OHD和PTH之间的曲线关系。回归方程为PTH(pmol·L-1)=4.2698-0.0352·25OHD+0.0002·25OHD2,R2=0.0684。PTH进入平台期时血清25OHD的拐点值为88 nmol·L-1,对应的PTH值为2.72 pmol·L-1。结论 4月龄至14岁汉族儿童青少年的血清25OHD和PTH水平呈负相关,且理想的血清25OHD水平可能为88 nmol·L-1。     

血清维生素D水平与儿童反复呼吸道感染的关系

目的检测反复呼吸道感染(RRI)患儿血清25-羟维生素D3[25-(OH)D3]及IgA水平,并行维生素D(VitD)治疗,探讨VitD营养状况与儿童RRI及免疫功能的关系,为临床治疗提供依据。方法选取2010年10月-2011年4月在本院儿科门诊就诊的RRI患儿60例为病例组。年龄1～6(3.91±2.83)岁;男32例,女28例。将病例组随机分为常规治疗组30例和补VitD组30例,均予抗感染及对症治疗,补VitD组另进行补VitD治疗。随机选取同期到门诊体检的健康儿童30例为健康对照组。受检儿童均晨起空腹抽取静脉血3 mL 2份,离心,分离血清。ELISA法检测其血清25-(OH)D3水平,免疫透射比浊法检测其血清IgA水平,进行组间比较。病例组3个月时复查血清25-(OH)D3及IgA水平。病例组儿童随访6个月,观察并记录呼吸道感染的复发次数。结果1.病例组血清25-(OH)D3及IgA水平显著低于健康对照组,2组比较差异均有统计学意义(Pa<0.01)。2.采用不同的方法治疗后补VitD组25-(OH)D3及IgA水平升高,常规治疗组和补VitD组RRI次数比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.01)。结论 RRI患儿血清25-(OH)D3及IgA水平低于健康儿童,低水平25-(OH)D3与RRI有关,提示对RRI患儿应重视VitD的补充。     

Unique form of rickets with low serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D in two normally nourished children

We present an unusual type of rickets involving two children: a 2 year old boy and a 15 month old boy, who presented with marked bowing of the lower extremities and bulging of costochondral junctions. Both children had normal growth, with their height and body weight greater than the 50th and 97th percentile for age. Roentgenograms of their extremities showed the typical changes of vitamin D refractory rickets. Serum alkaline phosphatase levels were elevated and serum levels of calcium and phosphate were both within the normal range. No primary cause for the rickets, including nutritional deficiencies, was found in the two patients. Characteristic findings were persistently low serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25-OH-D) and normal 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D (1,25-(OH)2-D). Improvements in clinical and X-ray findings were observed after either oral administration of 1 α-(OH)-D3 (9–15 μg per day) or massive vitamin D2 therapy (600 000 IU single injection). The low serum levels of 25-OH-D did not increase unless massive vitamin D2 therapy was also given. These two cases represent a unique form of rickets that does not meet the criteria for any type of previously known rickets.     

Serum Concentrations of Vitamin D Metabolites in Exclusively Breast-Fed Infants at 70° North

ABSTRACT. The effect of prolonged breast-feeding on the serum concentrations of vitamin D metabolites, calcium, phosphate, and alkaline phosphatase was studied longitudinally in 7 infants from Northern Norway. They were exclusively breast-fed for a median of 71/2 months. Three of the mothers were supplemented with vitamin D throughout lactation. All but one of the infants had 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25-OHD) levels in the rachitic range (< 20 nmol/l) on at least one occasion. Vitamin D supplementation of the mother had no apparent effect on the infants' 25-OHD levels, but the values increased during summer. The infant who had the lowest 25-OHD levels also had decreased 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D (1,25-(OH)₂D) concentrations, while the others maintained l,25-(OH)₂D levels within normal limits. 24,25-(OH)₂D concentrations were undetectable when the 25-OHD levels were below 35 nmol/l, but the two metabolites were closely correlated for higher values of 25-OHD. Low 25-OHD levels were associated with decreased phosphate concentrations at 6 months. The calcium levels were normal throughout the study period of one year, as were all but two of the alkaline phospatase values. Although none of the infants had clinical or biochemical evidence of rickets, the results suggest that the vitamin D supply from human milk is inadequate, and that routine vitamin D supplementation is advisable for breast-fed infants who are deprived of sunlight exposure.     

Plasma Concentrations of Vitamin D Metabolites before and during Treatment of Vitamin D Deficiency Rickets in Children

ABSTRACT. Plasma concentrations of 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25-OHD), 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D (1,25-(OH)₂D), and 24,25-dihydroxyvitamin D (24,25-(OH)₂D) were determined in 17 children with vitamin D deficiency rickets before therapy was started. Thirteen of them also had these tests repeated during treatment. The median 25-OHD concentration was at the lower limit of the reference range before, but increased distinctly within one week of treatment with 1700–4000 IU vitamin D per day (17 vs. 37 nmol/l, p < 0.01). 24,25-(OH)₂D was undetectable in twelve of the patients before therapy. Detectable concentrations were in the range of 1.7 to 3.5 % of the corresponding 25-OHD levels throughout the study, and the two metabolites were closely correlated ( r = 0.84, p < 0.0005). The median l,25-(OH)₂D concentration was near the average of the reference range before, but increased to well above the upper limit of normal within one week of treatment (121 vs. 368 pmol/l, p < 0.01). The levels were largely normal after 10 weeks of therapy, as were the plasma concentrations of calcium, phosphate, and alkaline phosphatase. Parathyroid activity, as judged by serum parathyroid hormone or urinary cyclic AMP concentrations, was stimulated in 11 of 12 children studied prior to treatment. It is concluded that there may be no clear-cut differences between normal nad rachitic values of the different vitamin D metabolites under practical clinical conditions. A low 25-OHD level combined with evidence of a stimulated parathyroid activity, and a rise of l,25-(OH)₂D levels to supernormal values following a few days of vitamin D therapy may be diagnostic clues.     

儿童血清25羟维生素D与肥胖及炎症细胞因子关系的研究

目的：探讨儿童血清25羟维生素D [25-(OH)D3]的水平与肥胖及炎症细胞因子的关系,为临床评估维生素D营养状况与肥胖症的关系提供依据。方法：以2012年2~6月就诊的78例肥胖症儿童为研究对象,并根据年龄、性别等基线情况选取同期进行健康体检的105名儿童作为对照组。抽取空腹静脉血测定血清25-(OH)D3、IL-6、IL-8、IFN-γ、TNF-α。结果：肥胖组儿童25-(OH)D3明显低于对照组（P<0.01）。25-(OH)D3水平与BMI Z-Score呈负相关（r=-0.462,P<0.01）。按血清25-(OH)D3水平将患儿分为维生素D充足组、不足组、缺乏组及严重缺乏组,各亚组间血清IFN-γ水平差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）,而血清IL-6、IL-8、TNF-α水平差异无统计学意义。结论：肥胖儿童较正常儿童25羟维生素D水平低;血清维生素D水平与BMI有相关性,但与炎症细胞因子相关性不大。     

Vitamin D deficiency in Iranian mothers and their neonates: a pilot study

We conducted a pilot study to assess the prevalence of hypovitaminosis D among Iranian women and their newborns. Blood samples were taken from 50 mothers (age 16-40 yr) and their neonates at term delivery in the largest Tehran hospital. The results showed that 80% of the women had 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25-OHD) concentrations of less than 25 nmol/l. Mean maternal plasma calcium and phosphatase alkaline concentrations were in the normal range. The mean maternal serum immunoreactive parathyroid hormone concentration of women with hypovitaminosis D (i.e., 25-OHD levels <25 nmol/l) was above normal range and significantly different from that of women without hypovitaminosis D. CONCLUSION: The mean cord serum 25-OHD concentration was very low (4.94+/-9.4 nmol/l) and that of infants of mother with hypovitaminosis D were almost undetectable (1.2+/-1.2 nmol/l).     

Congenital rickets caused by maternal vitamin D deficiency

The cases of four newborn infants with congenital rickets are reported. All infants were native Canadian: three were Cree and one was Inuit. One had a narrow chest and pulmonary hypoplasia, two had clinical and radiological signs of rickets with craniotabes, thickened wrists, and prominent costochondral junctions, and one had perinatal asphyxia and hydrops. All had hypocalcemia, hypophosphatemia and secondary hyperparathyroidism. Serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels were low in three of the infants. The four mothers had evidence of vitamin D deficiency. All infants recovered following treatment with 5000 IU oral vitamin D daily.     

A Spectrum of Clinical Presentations in Seven Japanese Patients with Vitamin D Deficiency

Recently, the reemergence of vitamin D deficiency in developed countries has been pointed out. Vitamin D deficiency is diagnosed based on the serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25OHD) level. However, its normal range is still controversial, making the diagnosis of vitamin D deficiency difficult. Here, we present seven Japanese patients diagnosed with vitamin D deficiency. Three patients complained of leg bowing, and the other four of tetany. The patients with leg bowing were toddlers. Radiographic surveys demonstrated evidence of rickets. Laboratory findings showed decreased levels of serum inorganic phosphorus and increased levels of alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and intact-parathyroid hormone (iPTH). The serum levels of 25OHD were relatively low, ranging from 13 to 15.2 ng/ml. Of the patients with tetany, three were young infants. Laboratory findings showed decreased levels of serum calcium and increased levels of ALP and iPTH. The serum levels of 25OHD were markedly decreased (below 8 ng/ml). Thus, these results indicate that relatively low levels of 25OHD can cause rickets, a symptom of vitamin D deficiency, and that clinicians should therefore carefully evaluate the levels of 25OHD.