川芎嗪、当归注射液对急性微循环障碍大鼠血小板功能和器官血流量的影响

目的:从微循环、器官血流量和血液流变学角度,探讨川芎嗪、当归注射液对急性微循环障碍的干预作用。方法: 通过颈静脉注射高分子右旋糖酐(Dextran)复制大鼠急性微循环障碍模型,采用肠系膜微循环观察、器官微区血流和血液流变学测定方法,对18只大鼠进行研究。观察川芎嗪、当归注射液对急性微循环障碍转归时器官微区血流量、血小板功能的干预作用。结果:大鼠静脉注射Dextran后,出现了明显的微循环障碍,表现为微血管收缩、微血流变慢和微血栓形成,川芎嗪、当归注射液治疗后,微血流流态积分、微血栓积分、血小板粘附率和聚集率明显低于NS治疗组(p<0．05);川芎嗪、当归和NS组均能改善胃、肠、肝的微区血流量,但前者效果优于NS组(p<0．05)。结论: 川芎嗪、当归注射液通过改善微循环、降低血粘度和抑制血小板聚集和增加器官血流量,干预Dextran所致急性微循环障碍的转归过程。     

川芎嗪对不同状态大鼠胃粘膜血液动力学的影响

用反射光谱法探讨了川芎嗪对不同状态大鼠胃粘膜表层微循环血液量(AEr),Hb氧饱和度(F)的影响,用氢气清除法测定了川芎嗪对胃粘膜微循环障碍大鼠胃粘膜血流量(GMBF)的影响,同时也观察了川芎嗪对出血应激性溃疡形成的作用。结果表明①川芎嗪对正常麻醉大鼠胃粘膜△Er和F值无显著影响,较大剂量时呈一过性下降;②川芎嗪(4mg·100~(-1)g,j.v.)使失血性休克大鼠胃粘膜F值明显增加,注后10分钟时由注前13±10((?)±SD)增至22±5(P<001),△Er不变,表明胃粘膜表层血液灌注明显增加;③川芎嗪能提高LTC_4诱导的胃粘膜微循环障碍时的胃粘膜血流量,注后10分钟时由注前0.521±0.079增至0.979±0.174ml.min~(-1)·100~(-1)g。④川芎嗪对急性失血应激性胃粘膜损伤有保护作用。     

当归、川芎嗪注射液影响血瘀大鼠转归的血液动力学基础

目的:探讨活川芎嗪、当归注射液对血瘀大鼠血液动力学的影响。方法:颈动脉放血复制血瘀大鼠模型,通过微循环观察、器官血流和血液流变学测定方法,观察川芎嗪、当归对血瘀大鼠血液动力学的影响。结果:血瘀时微循环明显障碍,主要表现为微血流变慢和血细胞聚集;经川芎嗪、当归注射液治疗后,微循环改善,血细胞粘附率和聚集率降低,器官微区血流量明显增加,与NS组比较有显著性差异(p<0．05)。结论:川芎嗪、当归注射液能明显改善血瘀大鼠微循环障碍, 降低血小板聚集率,增加器官血流灌流量。     

川芎嗪对皮瓣缺血再灌注损伤的保护作用

背景:近年来研究发现,川芎嗪有清除氧自由基及保护血管内皮细胞的作用,大量的实验及临床研究涉及各种脏器,但对川芎嗪在皮瓣移植过程中缺血再灌注损伤的防治作用报道甚少。目的:观察川芎嗪对大鼠腹部皮瓣组织缺血再灌注损伤的影响,并分析其作用途径。方法:纳入24只健康SD大鼠,制备腹壁浅动脉为蒂的轴型缺血再灌注皮瓣。按随机数字表法分为假手术组、模型对照组和川芎嗪组,每组8只。假手术组皮瓣无缺血再灌注过程;模型对照组于造模前30min给予生理盐水4mL/kg;川芎嗪组造模后再灌注即刻给予川芎嗪4mL/kg腹腔注射。模型对照组及川芎嗪组在皮瓣形成即刻、缺血8h、再灌注1h,假手术组在皮瓣形成即刻、术后8,9h,取皮瓣中远处组织,测定组织匀浆内超氧化物歧化酶活性及丙二醛含量,光镜及电镜下观察组织形态学变化。结果与结论:缺血8h、再灌注1h,模型对照组皮瓣组织中超氧化物歧化酶活性显著低于假手术组(P0.05~0.01),川芎嗪组皮瓣组织中超氧化物歧化酶活性显著高于模型对照组(P0.05~0.01)。再灌注1h,模型对照组皮瓣组织中丙二醛含量显著高于假手术组(P0.01),川芎嗪组皮瓣组织中丙二醛含量显著低于模型对照组(P0.01)。与模型对照组比较,川芎嗪组皮瓣超微组织结构、血管内皮细胞损伤轻。提示川芎嗪可以抑制中性粒细胞活化、黏附,减轻组织炎症反应,保护内皮细胞,拮抗自由基的脂质过氧化,对皮瓣缺血再灌注损伤有一定的防治作用。     

川芎嗪对内毒素脂多糖诱导的体外血脑屏障模型通透性增高的保护作用及其机制

目的:探讨川芎嗪对内毒素脂多糖(LPS)诱导的体外血脑屏障模型通透性增高的保护作用及其调控机制。方法:利用脑微血管内皮细胞与星型胶质细胞共培养建立体外大鼠血脑屏障模型,随机分为正常对照组、川芎嗪对照组、LPS干预组和川芎嗪治疗组。采用γ计数仪检测~(125)I-BSA通透量观察体外血脑屏障模型通透性的改变,Western印迹法检测紧密连接蛋白(zonula occludens-1,ZO-1)表达量的变化。结果:LPS使体外血脑屏障模型对~(125)I-BSA的通透量明显增加,脑微血管内皮细胞ZO-1蛋白表达下降,川芎嗪治疗组能明显拮抗LPS的上述作用。结论:川芎嗪对LPS诱导的体外血脑屏障通透性增高具有保护作用,其机制与它能影响血脑屏障紧密连接蛋白ZO-1表达有关。     

当归阿魏酸钠、川芎嗪、654对实验性静脉血栓形成的影响

六十只大鼠分成四组,观察实验性静动脉血栓形成中,当归阿魏酸钠、川芎嗪,654的防治作用,试图对其机理进行初步探讨。 选用250～300g体重的Wistar雄性大鼠,随机分成对照,当归阿魏酸钠(40mg/kg)、川芎嗪(50mg/kg)和654(7.5mg/kg)四组,腹腔给药(对照用生理盐水),1小时后即行麻醉,按Reyers等的方法开腹分离出下腔静脉,在左肾分支的下部用棉线作结扎,缝合     

川芎嗪对腹主动脉缩窄大鼠血浆内皮素-1水平的影响

目的:探讨川芎嗪对腹主动脉缩窄大鼠血浆内皮素(endothelin-1,ET-1)水平的干预作用。方法:实验大鼠随机分为假手术组、模型组和川芎嗪组。银夹法建立腹主动脉缩窄大鼠模型,川芎嗪组用25mg/kg川芎嗪注射液,余两组用等量双蒸水(1.5ml/100g)灌胃4周后,比较各组血浆ET-1浓度、大鼠左室心肌质量指数(LVMI)和左室心肌病理形态胶原染色等的变化。结果:模型组LVMI、血浆ET-1浓度和心肌胶原纤维化较假手术组显著升高(P0.01),川芎嗪组较模型组显著降低(P0.01)。结论:川芎嗪可防治腹主动脉缩窄大鼠心肌纤维化,可能与影响血浆ET-1水平有关。     

川芎嗪对大鼠脊髓损伤后铁代谢的影响北大核心

背景:铁代谢紊乱是导致脊髓损伤后神经细胞铁死亡的重要病理因素,不利于脊髓损伤修复。川芎嗪作为行气活血中药川芎的有效活性成分单体,被证实对脊髓损伤具有良好的抗炎、抗脂质过氧化反应以及神经保护作用,需进一步明确其促进脊髓损伤修复的作用机制。目的:研究川芎嗪对大鼠脊髓损伤后铁代谢的调节作用,探讨其改善脊髓损伤的相关机制。方法:将36只SD大鼠随机分为假手术组、模型组和川芎嗪组,每组12只;假手术组仅行椎板切除术,术后给予生理盐水腹腔注射;模型组和川芎嗪组制备脊髓损伤模型,术后分别给予生理盐水和川芎嗪腹腔注射,术后4周取材。采用BBB肢体运动功能评分评价大鼠肢体运动功能,尼氏染色观察神经元形态,普鲁士染色观察脊髓组织铁沉积,铁检测试剂盒检测脊髓组织铁含量,免疫组化检测铁蛋白重链1和铁蛋白轻链表达,Western blot检测铁蛋白重链1和铁蛋白轻链的蛋白表达量。结果与结论:(1)模型组和川芎嗪组大鼠各个时间点BBB评分显著低于假手术组(P <0.01),自术后第14天,川芎嗪组大鼠BBB评分显著高于模型组(P <0.01);(2)尼氏染色结果显示,假手术组神经元形态结构正常,模型组可见大量瘀血,神经元形态结构紊乱,川芎嗪组瘀血较少,神经元形态结构较模型组改善;(3)普鲁士染色结果显示,假手术组铁沉积较少,模型组和川芎嗪组铁沉积较多;普鲁士染色阳性平均吸光度值模型组和川芎嗪组显著大于假手术组(P <0.01),川芎嗪组显著小于模型组(P <0.01);(4)铁含量检测结果显示,模型组和川芎嗪组显著多于假手术组(P <0.01),川芎嗪组显著少于模型组(P <0.01);(5)免疫组化染色结果显示,铁蛋白重链1和铁蛋白轻链阳性表达平均吸光度值模型组和川芎嗪组显著小于假手术组(P <0.01),川芎嗪组显著大于模型组(P <0.01);(6)Western blot检测结果显示,铁蛋白重链1蛋白和铁蛋白轻链蛋白的相对表达量模型组和川芎嗪组显著少于假手术组(P <0.01),川芎嗪组显著多于模型组(P <0.01);(7)结果说明,川芎嗪通过调控铁蛋白重链1和铁蛋白轻链的表达而调节脊髓损伤后铁代谢紊乱,从而发挥神经保护作用,促进脊髓损伤大鼠肢体运动功能恢复。     

川芎嗪与氨基胍联合治疗对n0-STZ大鼠肾功能的影响

目的: 研究川芎嗪与氨基胍的联合治疗对新生链脲佐菌素糖尿病大鼠(n0-STZ)肾功能的影响。方法: 出生当日Wistar大鼠,一次性腹腔内注射STZ诱导n0-STZ大鼠模型。实验大鼠分4组:(1)正常对照组;(2)胰岛素抵抗组;(3)二甲双胍组;(4)川芎嗪与氨基胍联合治疗组。第32周检测空腹血糖(FPG)、空腹血浆胰岛素(FINS)、胰岛素抵抗指数(IRI)、血尿素氮(BUN)、肌酐(Cr)、尿蛋白和肾小球滤过率(GFR),外周血白细胞诱导型一氧化氮合酶(iNOS) mRNA表达,肾组织中NO浓度和iNOS活性以及iNOS和3-硝基酪氨酸(3-NT)的蛋白表达。结果: (1)造模第8周,82.5%的Wistar大鼠空腹血糖≥7.0 mmol/L,肾功能受损。(2)两种治疗均能降低FPG、FINS、IRI,以联合治疗组提高胰岛素敏感性更显著;两种治疗方案都能改善大鼠肾功能,联合治疗组降低血BUN、Cr,提高肾小球滤过功能作用更强。(3)两种治疗都能下调iNOS活性和NO浓度,抑制肾组织中3-NT和iNOS表达,联合治疗组效果更显著。结论: 二甲双胍和川芎嗪与氨基胍联合治疗都能通过抑制硝基化应激改善肾功能,但川芎嗪与氨基胍保护肾功能的作用优于二甲双胍。     

川芎嗪改善脊髓损伤模型大鼠炎性微环境的机制

背景：脊髓损伤后炎性微环境的失衡会加剧脊髓继发性损伤,阻碍神经功能的修复,川芎嗪具有抑制炎症反应、保护神经细胞等作用,但其在脊髓损伤领域研究较少。目的：观察川芎嗪能否通过改善大鼠脊髓损伤后炎性反应促进神经功能恢复,并探索其潜在机制。方法：将36只SD大鼠随机分为假手术组、模型组、川芎嗪组,每组12只。假手术组行T10椎板切除术,后两组采用自制双刃显微剪行T10脊髓完全横断,川芎嗪组模型制备后给予盐酸川芎嗪注射液200 mg/(kg·d)腹腔注射,连续5 d。分别于术后1,3,7,14 d通过Basso-Beattie-Bresnahan(BBB)评分以及改良Rivlin斜板实验评估运动功能恢复情况;于术后14 d取材行苏木精-伊红染色、Nissl染色观察脊髓组织形态学改变;术后7,14 d,ELISA法检测C-反应蛋白表达变化,免疫组织化学染色法分析炎性因子(核因子κB、肿瘤坏死因子α、白细胞介素10)表达情况。结果与结论：(1)脊髓损伤后各时间点,假手术组大鼠BBB评分、改良Rivlin斜板角度均高于其他两组,差异均有显著性意义(P <0.05);模型组与川芎嗪组大鼠BBB评分...     

Modes of reinforcement and gender and culture of experimenter and subject: effects of "alien" and external reinforcement for Japanese and American men and women

In this study, we examined external and "alien" reinforcement (ER and AR. respectively) as a factor in social learning, and studied the combined effects of culture and reinforcement mode. A female (Experiment 1) and a male (Experiment 2) experimenters conducted experimental sessions. Both men and women, who grew up in the same culture as the experimenter, participated and performed the experimental task. A three-way interaction effect of experimenter gender, culture, and reinforcement mode was found on task performance. And the effect was more pronounced for a Japanese experimenter. A female and a male experimenters conducted Experiments 3 and 4, respectively; however participants this time were men and women who grew up in different cultures than the experimenter. Results indicated that the pattern of the subject gender and reinforcement mode interaction effect, when the experimenter was Japanese with American subjects, was exactly opposite to that when the experimenter was American. These experiments showed that AR was as effective for social learning as ER, and that the cultural backgrounds of experimenter and subject influenced AR and ER effectiveness.     

Rates of oxygen consumption and of anaerobic glycolysis in renal cortex and medulla of adult and new-born rats and guinea-pigs

1. Rates of oxygen uptake and of anaerobic glycolysis were estimated in slices from the renal cortex and medulla (a) of adult rats and guinea-pigs, (b) of new-born (1-, 5- and 21-day-old) rats and of guinea-pigs of 1, 12, 21, 24 and 120 hr age.2. In the adult rat, Q(O2) values for the cortex were 12.55 +/- 0.20 (22) and for the medulla: 8.56 +/- 0.17 (22) mul./hr.mg dry weight, while in the new-born rat (24 hr old) they were 10.99 +/- 0.46 (12) and 9.33 +/- 0.18 (9) mul./hr.mg dry weight respectively.3. Values for Q(CO2) (N2) (anaerobic glycolysis) in the 14 hr old new-born rat were in the renal cortex 9.65 +/- 0.35 (5) and in the medulla 7.39 +/- 0.43 (5) mul./hr.mg dry weight; while in the adult they were 2.25 +/- 0.08 (16) and 5.76 +/- 0.14 (16) mul./hr.mg dry weight, respectively.4. In the adult guinea-pig values for Q(CO2) (N2) were of the same order as in the adult rat, though the rate of O(2) uptake was for the cortex 8.12 +/- 0.22 (12) and for the medulla 5.02 +/- 0.23 (11) mul./hr.mg dry weight.5. Though the Q(O2) values in the renal cortex and medulla were smaller in the 1 hr old new-born guinea-pig, they were already increasing in the 12 hr old neonate.6. The results are discussed in the light of enzyme changes occurring during the process of maturation of the nephron as indicated by histochemical observations.     

Timing and intensity of early fevers and the development of allergies and asthma

BACKGROUND: Early childhood fevers appear to protect against later allergies and asthma. What is not known is the time in which fevers exert this effect and whether the degree of temperature increase is important. OBJECTIVE: We sought to examine the relationship between the time and degree of early fevers and later allergies and asthma. METHODS: Eight hundred thirty-five children from southeast Michigan were enrolled at birth. Clinic records from their first 2 years were abstracted for episodes of fever. At age 6 to 7 years, children underwent allergy testing. We examined fevers occurring within 6-month intervals in the first 2 years of life and outcomes at age 6 to 7 years. The primary outcome measures were allergic sensitization, asthma, asthma with allergic sensitization, and asthma without allergic sensitization. RESULTS: In the unadjusted analysis each episode of fever between 7 and 12 months of age was associated with a lower odds of allergic sensitization (odds ratio [OR], 0.71; 95% CI, 0.54-0.93) and asthma with allergic sensitization (OR, 0.43; 95% CI, 0.21-0.90) at age 6 to 7 years. Likewise, every 1 degrees C increase in the maximum temperature between 7 and 12 months was associated with a lower odds of allergic sensitization (OR, 0.77; 95% CI, 0.61-0.96) and asthma with allergic sensitization (OR, 0.62; 95% CI, 0.40-0.94). After adjusting for potential confounders, each episode of fever between 7 and 12 months was associated with a lower likelihood of asthma with allergic sensitization (adjusted OR, 0.33; 95% CI, 0.11-0.94) at age 6 to 7 years. CONCLUSIONS: Both the timing and intensity of childhood fevers appear to be important factors in the development of allergies and asthma.     

纳米水平分子成像与诊疗一体化研究进展与挑战

分子成像能以非侵入性的方式重现活体细胞的生理功能和生物学过程,提高疾病的早期和特异性诊断水平。纳米颗粒/材料具有物理性质可控性高、易于表面修饰、血液循环时间长和可功能化等优点,在疾病诊断与治疗中显示出巨大潜力。但如何阐明纳米材料多功能间的内在联系、解决其代谢及安全性等关键机制难题、实现纳米颗粒/材料多功能性到临床多功能...