动态心电图系统的现状和发展方向

动态心电图系统是由专用的心电记录器及微型计算机系统组成的。前者能连续记录一天或一天以上、二个或三个导联的心电信号；后者完成心电分析及打印结果。记录器的贮存介质主要有磁性的（例如匣式磁带或微型硬盘）和固态的（静态或动态随机存贮器）两种。磁带式记录器虽然存在机械故障、低频响应不够及线性失真等问题，但由于技术成熟，性能可满足临床要求。它的最大优点是记录的原始资料可以作永久性保存。固态式记录器是后起之秀，     

第十三节 其他心电图检查

(一)动态心电图 动态心电图是指连续记录24h或更长时间的心电图.此项技术是由美国学者Holter发明的,所以又称为Holter监测.动态心电图是应用Holter技术长时间连续记录心脏电活动的一种方法,是用一种随身携带的记录器连续检测人体在自然生活状态下24h或更长时间的心电信息,然后利用计算机进行回放处理分析及打印记录的心电图.此记录器随身佩带,不受距离影响,不受体位及活动限制.由于其记录时间长,获得心电信息多,能够解决很多常规心电图不能解决的问题,现已成为心血管疾病诊断领域中重要的手段之一,广泛应用于临床诊断及其他医学研究.     

24小时连续记录Holter的现状和一些技术问题

本文讨论动态心电图系统（Ｈｏｌｔｅｒ）的记录器及心律失常、ＳＴ段分析软件的主要技术问题。并讨论现有Ｈｏｌｔｅｒ系统的技术特点。     

一种基于8086的心律失常监护仪

Holter监护,是一种涉及利用特殊的记录器来记录和分析监护对象长达24个小时的心电图技术。它用于平时心电图正常、而在特殊条件下才表现出心脏异常的人。传统的Holter采用磁带式记录,这有很多固有的缺点,例如马达速度的改变、记录磁头的非线性以及复杂的数据装载系统。本文提出一种基于8086的Holter监护仪。这一新的系统采用了最新的技术。模     

ECGLAB-H-A型动态心电图分析系统临床应用

ECGLAB-H-A型动态心电图分析系统采用符合国际标准十二导联体系，与常规十二导联心电图标准完全一致，24h不间断记录心电图。本文就我院应用ECGLAB-H-A型动态心电图分析系统检查40例病人，与检测前的常规心电图进行对比分析，其结果动态心电图分析系统对严重心律失常检出率比常规心电图检出率增加30％，根据动态心电图中ST-T改变不同来鉴别心肌缺血还是冠状动脉供血不足。     

动态心电数据压缩的新算法

本文采用神经网络理论研究动态心电数据压缩算法，分析了该算法在实际应用中遇到的困难和问题，提出了多项改进措施，为实现在固态记录器中真正实时存储２４小时动态心电图全部数据，探索一种切实可行的途径     

一种从体表心电图提取起搏脉冲的新算法

本文采用边沿增强并结合匹配滤波和面积阈值等方法形成体表心电图起搏脉冲新的提取算法ＣＥＭＡ，经ＭＩＴ心电数据库中４例起搏心电图和仿真信号检验，算法的灵敏度和特异性分别为９９．８５％和９９．９３％。此方法可用于动态心电图记录器对起搏脉冲的实时提取     

借助于便携式心电图仪在心前区采用20个电极点所描述的ST段偏差的分布

本文介绍了一种在便携式心电图记录仪上采用10～20个电极于人的前区表面获取ST段心电电位分布的方法。该方法可通过在普通的两道便携式心电记录器上装一个附加接口装置来实现的。这种心电电板由某电路开关每12秒打开一次,以便能在同一个导联周期内记录到信号。用一个记录器可记录到10个电极所获得的ST段电位,用二个记录器则可记录20个电极所     

小型的经腹胎儿和母体心电图长时间记录器

胎儿心率监护被认为是评估产前胎儿健康的有效方法。目前广泛采用的获取胎儿心率数据的仪器多基于超声多普勒原理 ,其缺点是不适用于长时间监护。另一种可能的替代方法是将电极置于母体腹部检测胎儿心电图 ( FECG) ,进而计算胎儿心率 ,但面临信噪比低的问题。然而 ,经腹胎儿心电图特别适合长时间的胎儿心率监护 ,故这一方法是有价值的。作者通过有效地降低记录器噪声和采用与母体更加适配的多电极方法 ,改进了以往的胎儿心电记录器 ,设计制作了小型、三道的可记录 2 4小时经腹胎儿心电数据的长时间记录器 ,并进行了应用实验。该记录具有三…     

快采慢放—一种记录快变生理信号的新方法

快变生理信号的记录,在生物学、药理学和电生理学的研究中都具有很重要的意义.如人的高频心电波是新发展起来的一种心脏的附诊指标;实验小白鼠的快变心电图,对研究小白鼠的心血管功能状态有很大的意义.记录这些快变的生理信号,需要一种快变生理信号记录的设备.但用心电图机记录器无法清晰的记录这些快变的波形.本文叙述的新方法,采用单片机技术,应用快采慢放的原理,研制出一种能用心电图机记录器或普通记录器,记录快变生理信号的实用设备.此设备具有结构简单、成本低廉和应用方便的特点.为动物生理和药理实验增加了一种新的监测手段.     

Clinical evaluation of a wireless ECG sensor system for arrhythmia diagnostic purposes

In a clinical study, a novel wireless electrocardiogram (ECG) recorder has been evaluated with regard to its ability to perform arrhythmia diagnostics. As the ECG recorder will detect a “non-standard” ECG signal, it has been necessary to compare those signals to “standard” ECG recording signals in order to evaluate the arrhythmia detection ability of the new system. Simultaneous recording of ECG signals from both the new wireless ECG recorder and a conventional Holter recorder was compared by two independent cardiology specialists with regard to signal quality for performing arrhythmia diagnosis. In addition, calculated R–R intervals from the two systems were correlated. A total number of 16 patients participated in the study. It can be considered that recorded ECG signals obtained from the wireless ECG system had an acceptable quality for arrhythmia diagnosis. Some of the patients used the wireless sensor while doing physical sport activities, and the quality of the recorded ECG signals made it possible to perform arrhythmia diagnostics even under such conditions. Consequently, this makes possible improvements in correlating arrhythmias to physical activities.     

A ECG Tele-monitoring Method and System Based on Embedded Web Server

This paper describes the development of a new ECG tele-monitoring method and system based on the embedded web server.The system consists of ECG recorders with network interface and the embedded web server,internet networks and computers,with the system operating on browser/server(B/S) mode.The ECG recorder was designed by ARM9 (S3C2410X) and embedded operating system (Linux).Once the ECG recorder has been connected to the internet network,medical experts can use the internet to access the server of the ECG recorder,monitor ECG signals,and diagnose patients by browsing the dynamic web pages in the embedded web server.The experimental results reveal that the designed system is stable,reliable,and suitable for the use in real-time ECG tele-monitoring for both family and community health care.     

基于嵌入式调制解调器的心电数据远程传输系统的设计

本文介绍了一种通过嵌入式调制解调器与公共电话网实现心电数据远程传输的系统,系统由家庭单元、公共电话网和中心工作站组成.该系统通过嵌入式调制解调器与公共电话网可将家庭单元的心电记录器采集的心电信号传输到远处的中心工作站(医院或监护中心),由中心工作站对患者进行心电监护.系统特点在于数据传输采用并行嵌入式调制解调器,它具有体积小、功耗低、携带方便、传输速度快等特点.     

中长跑运动员运动心电图的研究

观察中长跑运动员蹬车运动前及运动过程中的心电图特征。采用SchillerAT-10运动心电图机记录蹬车运动前和运动过程中的心电图变化，并进行分析。中长跑运动员运动前心电图表现有多种形式的电活动，运动心电图显示，随运动负荷的增加，心率逐渐上升，J点下降，J80上升，STS坡度增加。结果表明，多年的运动训练能改善心血管活动，但是在运动试验中所发生的心电图变化应与病理性改变加以鉴别。     

A System for Monitoring the Radial Pulse: Application to Pulse Transit Time Measurement

A transducer and circuit for continuous monitoring of the radial pulse are described. The wrist transducer is small, robust and easily constructed. The system responds mechanically to surface movement caused by the arterial pulse, and converts the motion photoelectrically to a signal suitable for AC amplification and input to a chart recorder. Output closely follows the shape of the intraarterial pressure pulse. A computer algorithm is described for beat-to-beat calculation of pulse transit time from an ECG R-wave reference.     

Design,implementation and evaluation of amicrocomputer-based portable arrhythmia monitor

The design of a portable, battery-operated microcomputer-based monitor for ambulatory ECG recording and analysis is described. Designed for real-time cardiac arrhythmia analysis, it is suitable for use on ambulator, patients for several weeks, and is about the size and weight of a Holter recorder. The device differs from a Holter recorder in that is does not store normal complexes but recognises and alarms on significant arrhythmias. It sotres 16 s of the arrhythmic event, which it can transmit by telephone to a central receiving station for immediate appraisal by a cardiologist. The monitor uses a CMOS microcomputer and has 2kbytes of program memory and 2kbytes of data memory. The arrhythmia monitor program recognises tachycardia, bradycardia, asystole, dropped beats, and PVCs. The alarm limits are physician programmable. The performance of the monitor was evaluated with standard annotated ECG tapes provided by MIT/BIH. This device should be useful for applications such as antiarrhythmic drug studies, for pacemaker and postsurgery evaluations, and for detecting premonitory as well as life-threatening arrhythmias.     

YZ袖珍式心电记录器的研制

较为详细地介绍了研制ＹＺ袖珍式心电记录器所存在的问题及其硬件和软件设计。     

便携式长时间胃电记录系统的研制

体表胃电图(electrogastrogram,ECG)具有幅值小,频率低和窄带宽的特点,并且极易受到心电、呼吸以及运动等干扰.我们研究了一种基于单片机的胃电检测方法,可以有效地从体表记录到胃电信号,采用低功耗设计,可长时间进行胃电测量.将MMC卡作为胃电的存储器,通过在MMC卡上创建FAT文件系统,可使记录的胃电数据以标准文件的格式存储在MMC卡上,保证了后续的Windows环境下数据的处理.     

Levels of agreement for RR intervals and short-term heart rate variability obtained from the Polar S810 and an alternative system

The aim of this study was to assess the agreement between HRV measures derived from a time series of RR intervals recorded by a standard 12-lead ECG (CP) and a commercially available RR interval recorder (S810). Thirty-three participants (19 males) (median age 36, range 20-63) underwent simultaneous, 5-min, supine RR-interval recordings. Each RR interval time series was analysed using the software supplied with the recording equipment. Two comparisons were then made. First, a comparison of RR interval data recording and editing only was made. Second, comparisons were made for measures of HRV derived from edited RR interval data. Agreement between RR intervals and standard HRV measures were assessed using intraclass correlation coefficient and limits of agreement. Agreement of HRV measures derived from RR intervals recorded and edited by individual systems was not acceptable. Agreement analyses for the number of RR intervals recorded and edited by each systems software showed excellent intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC lower 95% CI > 0.75) and acceptably narrow limits of agreement (LoA). These data indicate that the number of RR intervals recorded by S810 can agree well those recorded from a standard 12-lead ECG. This is true even after application of system specific data editing procedures. Commercial RR-interval recorders may offer a simple, inexpensive alternative to full 12-lead ECG in the recording and editing of RR intervals for subsequent HRV analysis in healthy populations.     

基于LabVIEW的心电信号采集系统的设计

目的设计一套基于LabVIEW的心电信号采集系统.方法在插入式信号采集板DAQ的硬件支持下,利用LabVIEW编程软件,设计了一套双通道心电信号采集系统,本系统用传统的心电图机采集心电信号,经过调解后,输入计算机采集并显示,同时,为了能够对心电信号作进一步的研究,利用小波变换对心电信号进行了处理.结果成功采集到心电信号,并计算了心率的大小.