外周血T淋巴细胞亚群表达水平对恶性肿瘤病理分期的评估价值

目的探讨外周血T淋巴细胞亚群表达水平对恶性肿瘤病理分期的评估价值。方法选取该院2017年1月至2017年11月收治的恶性肿瘤患者156例,抽取研究对象外周血测定T淋巴细胞亚群指标(CD3+、CD4+、CD8+、CD4+/CD8+)水平。统计患者治疗前后及不同TNM分期患者外周血T淋巴细胞亚群指标水平,分析外周血T淋巴细胞亚群指标水平与TNM分期相关性。结果治疗后研究对象CD3+、CD4+、CD8+、CD4+/CD8+分别为(56.42±10.03)%、(29.61±10.33)%、(40.11±9.68)%、0.85±0.19,CD3+、CD4+、CD4+/CD8+水平较治疗前降低,CD8+水平较治疗前增高,差异均有统计学意义(均P0.05);由单因素方差检验可知,不同TNM分期患者CD3+、CD4+、CD8+、CD4+/CD8+水平比较,差异均有统计学意义(均P0.05);多重比较可见,随着TNM分期增高,CD3+、CD4+、CD4+/CD8+水平不断降低,CD8+水平不断增高;CD3+、CD4+、CD4+/CD8+与TNM分期负相关,CD8+与TNM分期正相关(P0.05)。结论恶性肿瘤患者外周血T淋巴细胞亚群指标水平发生异常,其表达水平与疾病分期存在密切相关性,临床可通过测定外周血T淋巴细胞亚群指标水平对患者机体功能状态予以评估,以此调整治疗方案。     

病患者血清免疫球蛋白及T淋巴细胞亚群检测及其意义

目的　通过对不同肝病患者与正常对照组外周血清免疫球蛋白及T淋巴细胞亚群的检测 ,探讨肝病患者的机体免疫状态及临床意义。方法　选取正常对照组 2 0例 ,慢性乙型肝炎 1 8例 ,肝硬化 2 2例 ,肝癌 1 6例 ,取外周血测定血清免疫球蛋白水平及T淋巴细胞亚群。血清免疫球蛋白应用散射比浊法 ,T淋巴细胞亚群应用流式细胞仪检测。结果　与正常对照组相比 ,慢性肝炎、肝硬化组免疫球蛋白明显增高 (P <0 .0 5) ,肝癌组免疫球蛋白下降 (P<0 .0 5)。与正常对照组比较 ,慢性肝炎、肝硬化、肝癌的CD4 下降 (P <0 .0 5) ,CD8升高 (P <0 .0 5) ,CD4 /CD8比值明显降低 ,CD3略有下降。结论　肝病患者存在免疫功能紊乱 ,监测其免疫功能对追踪此类肝病演变及通过纠正免疫紊乱指导肝病治疗有重要意义     

复发性口腔溃疡患者外周血T淋巴细胞亚群的变化及卡介菌多糖核酸注射液的干预作用

目的 探讨复发性口腔溃疡(RAU)患者外周血T淋巴细胞亚群的变化及卡介菌多糖核酸注射液(斯奇康)的干预作用.方法 选择RAU患者40例(治疗组)予以斯奇康1 mg肌肉注射,隔日1次,连续治疗8周;后改为5 mg肌肉注射,每周1次,连续治疗8周,总疗程为16周.观察治疗前后外周血T淋巴细胞亚群的变化,并进行疗效评定.并以30例健康体检者作为对照组.结果 与对照组比较,治疗组患者外周血CD3+、CD4+明显减少,CD8+明显增加,CD4+/CD8+比值明显下降(P＜0.05或＜0.01).治疗组治疗后外周血CD3+、CD4+明显增加,CD8+明显减少,CD4+/CD8+比值明显升高,临床总有效率95.0%(38/40).结论 RAU患者存在外周血T淋巴细胞亚群失衡,斯奇康治疗RAU的临床疗效确切,其作用机制可能是改善RAU患者外周血T淋巴细胞亚群失衡.     

慢性阻塞性肺疾病患者气道重塑及T淋巴细胞亚群与肺功能的相关分析

目的 探讨高分辨CT(HRCT)和肺功能检查、外周血T淋巴细胞亚群检验对慢性阻塞性肺疾病(COPD)患者气道重塑的评价,以指导临床早期治疗COPD.方法 应用HRCT测量COPD患者气道壁厚度、气道腔面积、气道壁面积及气道内外径等参数,评估气道重塑的程度,同时测定患者相应的肺功能及外周血T淋巴细胞亚群CD4+、CD8+、CD4+/CD8+,并进行分析相关性.结果 COPD患者支气管管壁增厚,管壁面积增加;COPD组患者肺功能预计值(FEV1％)与支气管管壁厚度与外径比值的两倍(2T/D)成负相关;与支气管壁横断面积占支气管总面积的百分比(WA％)成负相关;CD8+T淋巴细胞与FEV1/FVC呈显著负相关(r-0.431,P＜0.05),CD4+/ CD+与FEV1/FVC呈正相关(r-0.564,P＜0.01),而T淋巴细胞亚群与FEV1％预计值无显著相关性.结论 COPD患者相应的肺功能及外周血T淋巴细胞亚群CD4+、CD8+、CD4+/CD8+与气道重塑关系密切,能较早地发现气道重塑,其有可能指导临床早期治疗COPD并监测治疗效果.     

宫颈高危型人乳头瘤病毒感染患者阴道微生态和外周血T淋巴细胞亚群分析

目的分析宫颈高危型人乳头瘤病毒(HPV)感染患者阴道微生态和外周血T淋巴细胞亚群。方法选取2017年8月-2019年8月宁波大学医学院附属鄞州医院妇科门诊收治的138例生殖道感染患者,分为HPV感染组(57例)和普通感染组(81例),另选取同期50例健康女性为对照组。比较3组阴道菌群和外周血T淋巴细胞亚群。结果 HPV感染组乳酸杆菌、衣原体、解脲脲原体及滴虫阳性率分别为33.33%、87.72%、84.21%及80.70%;普通感染组乳酸杆菌、衣原体、解脲脲原体及滴虫阳性率分别为55.56%、60.49%、53.09%及50.62%;对照组乳酸杆菌、衣原体、解脲脲原体及滴虫阳性率分别为78.00%、38.00%、22.00%及24.00%。3组乳酸杆菌、衣原体、解脲脲原体及滴虫阳性率比较,差异均有统计学意义(χ~2=21.487,P=0.000;χ~2=16.445,P=0.000;χ~2=20.885,P=0.000;χ~2=21.673,P=0.000)。HPV感染组乳酸杆菌阳性率显著低于普通感染组和对照组,衣原体、解脲脲原体、滴虫阳性率均显著高于普通感染组和对照组(均P0.05)。HPV感染组外周血CD3~+、CD4~+及CD8~+T淋巴细胞亚群水平,CD4~+/CD8~+比值分别为(48.45±4.45)%、(45.03±4.78)%、(32.45±4.05)%及(1.39±0.35);普通感染组外周血CD3~+、CD4~+及CD8~+T淋巴细胞亚群水平,CD4~+/CD8~+比值分别为(53.89±5.19)%、(48.02±4.08)%、(29.98±3.18)%及(1.60±0.41);对照组外周血CD3~+、CD4~+及CD8~+T淋巴细胞亚群水平,CD4~+/CD8~+比值分别为(57.70±5.09)%、(51.98±4.17)%、(27.56±3.34)%及(1.89±0.48)。3组外周血CD3~+、CD4~+及CD8~+T淋巴细胞亚群水平,CD4~+/CD8~+比值比较差异均有统计学意义(F=10.030,P=0.000; F=20.301,P=0.000; F=6.756,P=0.000; F=6.331,P=0.000)。HPV感染组外周血CD3~+、CD4~+T淋巴细胞亚群水平及CD4~+/CD8~+比值均显著低于普通感染组和对照组,CD8~+T淋巴细胞亚群水平显著高于普通感染组和对照组(均P0.05)。宫颈高危型HPV感染患者乳酸杆菌与外周血CD3~+、CD4~+T淋巴细胞亚群及CD4~+/CD8~+比值呈正相关,与CD8~+T淋巴细胞亚群呈负相关(均P0.05);宫颈高危型HPV感染患者衣原体、解脲脲原体、滴虫与CD3~+、CD4~+T淋巴细胞亚群及CD4~+/CD8~+比值呈负相关,与CD8~+T淋巴细胞亚群呈正相关(均P0.05)。结论宫颈高危型HPV感染患者存在阴道菌群紊乱和免疫功能低下,纠正宫颈高危型HPV感染患者的阴道微生态,提高患者免疫能力,对于宫颈高危型HPV感染有一定的治疗作用。     

酒精性肝病失代偿期肝硬化患者腹水和外周血淋巴细胞亚群的特征及临床意义

目的分析酒精性肝病失代偿期肝硬化患者腹水和外周血淋巴细胞亚群的特征及临床意义。方法选取2020年7月至2022年7月济宁医学院附属医院收治的酒精性肝病失代偿期肝硬化患者60例为观察组, 另随机选取于本院进行体检的健康志愿者40例为对照组。观察组进行肝功能Child-Pugh分级, 依据病情程度分为A、B、C级, 分析不同病情分级下临床资料、外周血淋巴细胞亚群指标与腹水淋巴细胞亚群指标(CD3+、CD4+、CD8+、CD20+)差异。比较观察组、对照组人群外周血淋巴细胞亚群指标差异。结果观察组患者外周血CD3+、CD4+、CD8+、CD4+/CD8+及CD20+水平低于对照组, 差异有统计学意义(均P<0.05)。与Child-Pugh A级患者相比, Child-Pugh B级、C级患者外周血CD3+、CD4+、CD8+、CD4+/CD8+、CD20+表达水平更低, 差异有统计学意义(均P<0.05);同时与Child-Pugh B级患者相比, Child-Pugh C级患者外周血CD3+、CD4+、CD8+、CD4+/CD8+、CD20+表达水平更低, 差异有统计学意义(...     

尘肺患者外周血淋巴细胞亚群的变化及其意义

选取107例尘肺患者,其中石棉肺47例、矽肺45例、电焊工尘肺15例,单纯尘肺无并发症者53例,并发感染无慢性阻塞性肺病(COPD)者41例,并发COPD者30例(其中伴感染19例)。以同期40例健康检查者为对照组。分别空腹抽取静脉血2 ml,采用流式细胞术检测淋巴细胞亚群。与对照组比较,尘肺组外周血中CD3+总T细胞、CD3+CD4+辅助/诱导T细胞及CD3-CD16+CD56+NK三类细胞百分数均降低(P0.05);三种不同类型尘肺之间淋巴细胞亚群比较差异无统计学意义;尘肺并发感染者外周血中CD3+总T、CD3+CD4+辅助/诱导T、CD3+CD8+抑制/杀伤T细胞百分比升高(P0.05);并发COPD组外周血中CD3+总T、CD3+CD4+辅助/诱导T、CD3+CD8+抑制/杀伤T、CD3-CD16+CD56+NK细胞百分比以及CD4/CD8比值均降低(P0.05)。提示尘肺患者淋巴细胞尤其是T淋巴细胞亚群比例变化明显,并发肺部感染者T淋巴细胞亚群比例升高,并发COPD者免疫功能损伤严重。因此,对尘肺患者淋巴细胞亚群进行监测对阐明尘肺发病机制、监测疾病进展和改善预后起到十分积极的作用。     

肺癌患者外周血T淋巴细胞亚群的变化

目的研究肺癌患者外周血T淋巴细胞亚群的水平及变化特点。方法采用流式细胞技术,对41例肺癌患者术前检测外周血T淋巴细胞亚群水平,并与50例健康献血者作对照研究。结果与对照组比较,肺癌患者CD3+、CD4+、CD8+和NK细胞减少,CD4+/CD8+降低,差异均有统计学意义(P均<0.01)。淋巴细胞亚群变化与分期相关:Ⅰ期肺癌患者T淋巴细胞亚群未见明显抑制;Ⅱ期CD3+、CD4+、CD8+和NK细胞减少,但较Ⅰ期差异无统计学意义;Ⅲ期肺癌患者所有亚群均降低,分别与Ⅰ期和Ⅱ期比较,差异均有统计学意义;随着分期增加,CD4+/CD8+明显降低,各期之间差异均有统计学意义。淋巴结转移组NK细胞和CD4+/CD8+均明显低于无淋巴结转移组,差异均有统计学意义(P均<0.01)。结论肺癌患者存在免疫功能低下,免疫功能随着肿瘤的进展进一步受到削弱。     

四联活菌片对肝硬化患者肠道菌群、血氨、血浆内毒素和外周血T淋巴细胞亚群的影响

目的 探讨口服四联活菌片(思连康)对肝硬化患者肠道菌群、血氨、血浆内毒素和外周血T淋巴细胞亚群的影响.方法 选择80例肝硬化失代偿期患者,根据就诊病历号顺序均分为对照组和治疗组,对照组予以常规保肝治疗,治疗组在对照组治疗的基础上加服思连康,疗程均为4周.观察两组患者治疗前后肠道菌群菌落计数、血氨、血浆内毒素和外周血T淋巴细胞亚群的变化.结果 治疗组患者治疗后,肠道菌群发生显著变化,双歧杆菌和乳杆菌的菌落数[(13.26±1.15)、(11.57±1.41)IgCFU/g]均较治疗前[(9.02±0.92)、(8.41±0.98)IgCFU/g]明显增加(P＜0.01或＜0.05),酵母样真菌的菌落数[(2.01±0.43) IgCFU/g]较治疗前[(3.45±0.59)IgCFU/g]显著降低(P＜0.01);患者血氨和血浆内毒素水平[(90.16±23.82) μmol/L、(0.18±0.08)EU/ml]较治疗前[(123.79±41.32) μmol/L、(0.35±0.12) EU/ml]明显下降(P＜0.05或＜0.01);患者外周血T淋巴细胞亚群CD4+、CD4+/D8+均明显增加.而对照组患者治疗前后肠道菌群、血氨、血浆内毒素和外周血T淋巴细胞亚群无明显变化.结论 口服思连康能调节肝硬化患者肠道菌群失调,继而降低血氨和血浆内毒素水平,同时还具有一定的免疫调节作用,对肝硬化有显著的辅助治疗作用.     

谷氨酰胺肠内营养对结核患者免疫与肠道屏障功能的影响

目的 探讨谷氨酰胺作为特殊营养底物的肠内营养支持对结核患者免疫与肠道屏障功能的影响。方法 以湖南省胸科医院2019年1—12月在院治疗的肺结核患者为研究对象,在知情同意下将纳入患者随机分为研究组(谷氨酰胺肠内营养+抗结核治疗组)和对照组(单纯抗结核治疗组),分别检测两组患者治疗前和治疗后外周血T淋巴细胞亚群(CD4⁺%、CD8⁺%、CD4⁺/CD8⁺)及血浆二胺氧化酶(diamine oxidase,DAO)的值,比较两组治疗前后各项指标差异。结果 共有83例肺结核患者纳入研究,其中研究组43例,对照组40例。两组治疗前外周血T淋巴细胞亚群的各项指标(CD4⁺%、CD8⁺%、CD4⁺/CD8⁺)以及DAO指标比较差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。研究组在治疗前后外周血T淋巴细胞亚群的各项指标(CD4⁺%、CD8⁺%、CD4⁺/CD8⁺)比值差异均有统计学意义(P＜0.05);研究组治疗后外周血T淋巴细胞亚群CD4⁺%、CD4⁺/CD8⁺高于对照组,两组差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05);研究组与对照组比较在治疗后外周血DAO差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05)。结论 肠内应用谷氨酰胺作为特殊营养底物的肠内营养支持可改善肺结核患者肠屏障功能,提高机体细胞免疫功能。     

Trends in meningococcal disease in Italy in 1988

Meningococcal disease in Italy decreased 15% in 1988 from the previous year (290 vs. 342 cases). The decline was particularly evident in military cases (1.7/100,000 in 1988 vs. 5/100,000 in 1987) reflecting the full coverage of bivalent serogroup (A + C) meningococcal polysaccaride vaccine in army recruits, achieved since January 1988. The highest proportion of cases was seen in people older than 25 years of age (25%). Serogroup C constituted 60% of the isolates, while 19% belonged to serogroup B. The proportion of strains resistant to sulphonamides was 45%, while 15% were resistant to Minocycline and none to Rifampin. Out of the five military cases, only one (due to serogroup C) was attributable to the vaccine failure. A single coprimary case, but no secondary cases occurred among civilians. These findings are consistent with the trends reported in Italy in the previous years.     

Benzene in blood and phenol in urine in monitoring benzene exposure in industry

Determinations of benzene concentration in blood and of phenol in urine were made by head-space gas chromatography techniques on samples taken near the end of the work day from two groups of workers potentially exposed to low levels of benzene in the work-place atmosphere. Preliminary results suggest that benzene in blood is more reliable than phenol tests for assessing both exposure and uptake of benzene. Normal values of phenol in urine (10 mg/liter or less) were found in nearly all those cases in which benzene was detected in the blood.     

2015年郑州市饮用水放射性水平状况调查

目的了解郑州市不同地区、不同季节、不同水源类型的放射性水平。方法分别于丰水期和枯水期采集郑州市区黄河水源水、井水源水、丹江口水源水、出厂水和末梢水各一份;以县为单位,每单位采集出厂水、末梢水、水库水、河水、井水各1份,按《生活饮用水生活标准检验方法》(GB/T 5750.13-2006)检测饮用水中总α和总β放射性水平,依据《生活饮用水卫生标准》(GB 5749-2006)进行判定。结果丰水期、枯水期水体总α、总β放射性水平均低于国家标准限值。结论郑州市不同水源类型均处于正常的天然放射性本底水平。     

Occupational stress in nurses in psychiatric institutions in Taiwan

Nurses are known to be exposed to occupational stress. However, occupational stress is not well documented for nurses in psychiatric institutions in Taiwan. A cross-sectional study was conducted to explore the work-related stress and risk factors of nurses in psychiatric institutions in Taiwan. A structured questionnaire was distributed to nurses at five state-owned psychiatric hospitals in Taiwan in 2001. Demographic information, working environment, and personal health status were inquired. Occupational stress was assessed based on the Chinese version of Job Content Questionnaire (JCQ). General health status and mental health were evaluated by the International Quality of Life Assessment Short Form-36 (IQOLA SF-36). A total of 573 questionnaires were disseminated to nurses and 518 (90.4%) were satisfactorily completed by nurses, including 408 female full-time nurses who had been in their current work for more than 6 months. In the past one month, 17.2% of nurses reported being under significant stress often or always. Assault episodes were reported by 45.1% of nurses in the past 6 months. Among the nurses, 16.9%, 25.2%, 50.0%, and 7.8% belong to the "High strain", "Low strain", "Active", and "Passive" groups, respectively. Perceived occupational stress was associated with young age, widowed/divorced/separated marital status, high psychological demand, low workplace support, and threat of assault at work. Lower general health score was associated with low job control, high psychological demand, and perceived occupational stress. A lower mental health score was associated with low job control, high psychological demand, low workplace support, and perceived occupational stress. We concluded that nurses in psychiatric institutions are under significant stress related to work factors.     

Changes in nursing administration in supporting transplantation in Brazil

This historical and bibliographic study aimed to understand how Nursing was organized to support care in transplantation. The HISA, LILACS, BDENF, PERIENF and DEDALUS databases were consulted, and thirteen references were found, ten of which were scientific articles, two were master's dissertations and one was a doctoral thesis. The span of time chosen for study ranges from the date of the first kidney transplant in Brazil (1965), to the date of publication of the last scientific article found in the databases mentioned above (2003). After reading these articles, the ones that were similar in topic were grouped together, thus creating the thematic axis for the presentation of the results. The results showed that the Nursing profession has played an important and active role in transplants ever since the first procedure in 1965.     

2019年中国肿瘤流行病学研究进展

恶性肿瘤已成为中国居民的主要死因之一。近些年来,中国政府积极推进肿瘤预防和控制领域的研究工作,取得了很大的进步。本文简要汇总中国在肿瘤流行病学领域的研究进展,具体包括2019年的肿瘤负担、癌症危险因素及其干预、筛查和早期发现、癌症防治专项行动(2019-2022年)方案等方面,以期为我国肿瘤防治工作的有效开展提供技术支撑和理论依据。     

2012年绵阳市蔬菜中农药残留状况

目的 了解绵阳市2012年市售蔬菜中农药残留情况,为食用蔬菜监管提供依据.方法 全部样品均按照GB/T 5009-2003的方法进行农药的残留检测.依据GB 2763-2005《食品中农药最大残留限量》进行判定.结果 2012年共检测蔬菜165份,农药检出率和超标率分别为72.12％和23.64％.豆类、根茎类、叶菜类、瓜果菜类和食用菌类蔬菜检测农药残留超标率分别为8.00％、23.53％、36.00％、5.26％和27.03％,差异有统计学意义(x2=11.41,P＜0.01).不同种类农药超标率差异有统计学意义(x2 =62.42,P＜0.01).夏季和冬季蔬菜农药超标率差异无统计学意义(x2=3.44,P＞0.05).结论 绵阳市叶菜类蔬菜中农药残留情况较为严重,应采取有效措施,加强蔬菜的监督管理,从源头禁止高毒农药的使用,加大蔬菜种植、销售环节的监测,确保市民食用蔬菜的安全.