莫沙比利通过p38/MAPK通路保护氯吡格雷所致胃黏膜上皮细胞损伤

目的:探讨莫沙比利对氯吡格雷所致人胃黏膜上皮细胞(gastric mucosal epithelium cells,GES-1)损伤的保护作用及其机制.方法:建立GES-1单层细胞模型,将细胞分为阴性对照组、氯吡格雷IC50浓度(0.36mmol/L)损伤组及不同浓度莫沙比利(0.4、0.5、0.6μmol/L)联合氯吡格雷IC50浓度组,噻唑蓝比色法(MTT)和流式细胞仪检测各组细胞增殖、凋亡情况;采用Western blot检测各细胞组p-P38以及紧密连接蛋白Occludin、ZO-1的表达量.结果:莫沙比利对氯吡格雷致GES-1细胞损伤有抑制作用(P<0.05);与阴性对照组相比,氯吡格雷损伤组p-P38表达显著增加,而莫沙比利组p-P38表达量较氯吡格雷损伤组减少(P<0.05);同时随着p-P38表达量的减少,Occludin、ZO-1表达量逐渐增加.结论:莫沙比利能够抑制氯吡格雷所致GES-1细胞损伤,可能是通过抑制p38MAPK的磷酸化、上调紧密连接蛋白Occludin、ZO-1的表达,从而达到保护胃黏膜的作用.     

莫沙必利对阿司匹林致大鼠急性胃黏膜损伤的保护作用

研究显示促胃肠动力药物莫沙必利对胃黏膜损伤具有一定的保护作用。目的：研究不同剂量莫沙必利对阿司匹林致大鼠急性胃黏膜损伤的保护作用及其机制。方法：将50只大鼠随机分为阴性对照组、单纯损伤组以及不同剂量莫沙必利干预组（0．25mg／kg、0．50mg／kg、0．75mg／kg）。干预组大鼠以不同剂量莫沙必利灌胃行预处理,以150mg／kg阿司匹林灌胃制备急性胃黏膜损伤模型。实验第4d,处死大鼠。评估大鼠胃黏膜损伤指数和组织学变化,以免疫组化法检测Occludin蛋白分布,蛋白质印迹法检测Occludin、ZO．1以及磷酸化ERK（p-ERK）、磷酸化JNK（p-JNK）和磷酸化p38（p-p38）蛋白表达。结果：与单纯损伤组相比,各莫沙必利干预组胃黏膜损伤指数均明显降低（P〈0．05）;胃黏膜组织学明显改善;胃黏膜Occludin、ZO-1蛋白表达呈剂量依赖性升高（P〈0．05）;胃黏膜p-ERK、p-p38蛋白表达呈剂量依赖性降低（P〈0．05）;而胃黏膜p-JNK蛋白表达无明显差异。结论：莫沙必利对阿司匹林致大鼠急性胃黏膜损伤具有明显保护作用,其机制可能为降低MAPKs信号通路中ERK和p38蛋白磷酸化程度,并上调胃黏膜紧密连接蛋白Occludin和ZO-1表达,从而改善胃黏膜屏障的功能。     

黄芪甲苷对氯吡格雷致大鼠胃黏膜损伤的治疗作用及机制

目的 探讨黄芪甲苷对氯吡格雷致大鼠胃黏膜损伤的治疗作用及机制。方法 将50只SD大鼠随机分为对照组、模型组及黄芪甲苷低、中、高剂量组，每组10只，分别予生理盐水1 mL/100 g、氯吡格雷15.6 mg/kg、氯吡格雷15.6 mg/kg+黄芪甲苷15、30、60 mg/kg灌胃，每日1次，干预1周后脱颈处死大鼠。用损伤指数评分评价胃黏膜损伤情况，用免疫组化SABC染色法检测胃黏膜组织中血管内皮细胞生长因子（VEGF）、磷酸化血管内皮细胞生长因子受体2(p-VEGFR2)蛋白表达。结果 与对照组比较，模型组胃黏膜损伤指数评分高，VEGF、p-VEGFR2蛋白表达低（P均<0.05）；与模型组比较，各黄芪甲苷组胃黏膜损伤指数评分均低，VEGF、p-VEGFR2蛋白表达高（P均<0.05）；黄芪甲苷低、中、高剂量组胃黏膜损伤指数评分逐渐降低，VEGF、p-VEGFR2蛋白表达逐渐升高（P均<0.05）。结论 黄芪甲苷可减轻氯吡格雷所致胃黏膜损伤，其作用机制可能与上调VEGF、p-VEGFR2表达有关。     

瑞巴派特对大鼠非甾体类抗炎药相关性小肠损伤的保护作用及机制

目的:探讨瑞巴派特对大鼠非甾体类抗炎药(non-steroid anti-inflammatory drugs,NSAIDs)相关性小肠损伤的保护作用及可能的机制.方法:将30只健康♂SD大鼠随机分为阴性对照组、双氯芬酸损伤组、瑞巴派特保护组,每组10只.通过应用双氯芬酸7.5 mg/(kg·d)灌胃,1次/d、连续4 d的方法制作大鼠NSAIDs相关性小肠损伤模型.瑞巴派特保护组在每次造模前1 h用100 mg/(kg·d)瑞巴派特对大鼠进行灌胃预处理,连续4 d.阴性对照组应用等量的生理盐水灌胃,实验第4天,处死所有大鼠,对其小肠损伤情况进行大体及病理观察并评分,采用免疫组织化学方法检测小肠黏膜中Occludin蛋白的表达和分布,采用Western blot方法检测小肠组织中Occludin蛋白、ERK、p38和磷酸化ERK(p-ERK)、磷酸化p38(p-p38)蛋白表达水平.结果:损伤组大鼠小肠大体和病理损伤评分均高于对照组(P0.05),瑞巴派特组大鼠小肠大体和病理损伤评分均低于损伤组(P0.05);Occludin蛋白在损伤组中表达水平较对照组明显降低(P0.05),而在瑞巴派特处理组中的表达水平较损伤组增高(P0.05);与对照组相比,损伤组中p-ERK蛋白和p-p38表达水平增高(P0.05),而瑞巴派特处理中的表达水平较损伤组降低(P0.05).结论:瑞巴派特对大鼠NSAIDs相关性小肠损伤有一定的保护作用,其机制可能通过抑制丝裂原活化蛋白激酶(mitogen-activated protein kinases,MAPKs)信号通路中ERK和p38蛋白的磷酸化,上调小肠黏膜中紧密连接Occludin蛋白表达,从而改善小肠黏膜屏障功能.     

氯吡格雷对人胃黏膜上皮细胞紧密连结蛋白ZO-1表达的影响

目的 探讨氯吡格雷（Clopidogrel）对人胃黏膜上皮细胞（GES-1）的损伤机制.方法 建立GES-1单层细胞模型,将细胞分为阴性对照组、U0126干预组、氯吡格雷干预组、U0126预处理后氯吡格雷干预组（联合组）,采用MTT比色法和流式细胞术检测各组细胞增殖、凋亡情况;免疫细胞化学检测各组p-ERK1/2的表达情况;采用Western blotting检测各细胞组p-ERK1/2和紧密连接蛋白ZO-1的表达量.结果 与阴性对照组比较,U0126干预组、氯吡格雷干预组、U0126预处理后氯吡格雷干预组的细胞增殖明显受到抑制（P＜0.05）;Western blotting结果显示：与阴性对照组比较,后3组的p-ERK1/2表达下降,与免疫细胞化学的趋势一致;ZO-1表达趋势亦与p-ERK1/2表达一致.结论 在GES-1细胞模型中,氯吡格雷可能通过抑制p-ERK1/2的表达来降低ZO-1的表达,从而损伤GES-1细胞.     

雷贝拉唑对NSAIDs相关小肠损伤大鼠紧密连接蛋白Occludin表达的影响及其机制

目的探讨雷贝拉唑对非甾体类抗炎药(NSAIDs)相关性小肠损伤大鼠紧密连接蛋白Occludin表达的影响及可能的机制。方法将36只SD大鼠随机平均分为阴性对照组、双氯酚酸损伤组和雷贝拉唑处理组。采用双氯酚酸7.5 mg/(kg.d)灌胃,连续4 d,制造大鼠NSAIDs相关性小肠损伤模型;而雷贝拉唑处理组在每次造模前0.5 h予以15 mg/(kg.d)雷贝拉唑灌胃处理,连续4 d。处死大鼠进行大体及病理观察小肠损伤情况,采用免疫组织化学和Western blot方法检测小肠组织中Occludin和磷酸化ERK(p-ERK)蛋白表达水平的变化。结果雷贝拉唑处理组大鼠大体和病理损伤均低于损伤组(P<0.05)。Occludin蛋白在损伤组中表达较对照组明显下降(P<0.05),而在雷贝拉唑处理组中的表达较损伤组上升(P<0.05);与阴性对照组相比,p-ERK蛋白在损伤组中表达上升(P<0.05),在雷贝拉唑处理组中的表达较损伤组下降(P<0.05)。结论雷贝拉唑对大鼠NSAIDs相关性损伤有保护作用,其机制可能是通过MAPK中的ERK途径,增加小肠上皮组织中Occludin蛋白表达,从而增强肠黏膜屏障功能。     

氯吡格雷对人胃黏膜上皮细胞增殖作用的影响及其机制的研究

目的 探讨氯吡格雷（Clopidogrel）对人胃黏膜上皮细胞（GES-1）增殖作用的影响及其机制.方法 建立GES-1单层细胞模型,将细胞分为阴性对照组、氯吡格雷24 h干预组、氯吡格雷48 h干预组、氯吡格雷72 h干预组,采用MTT比色法和流式细胞术检测各组细胞增殖、凋亡情况;采用Western blotting检测各细胞组紧密连接蛋白Occludin的表达量.结果 与阴性对照组相比,氯吡格雷24 h干预组、氯吡格雷48 h干预组、氯吡格雷72 h干预组的细胞增殖明显受到抑制（P〈0.05）;Western blotting结果显示：与阴性对照组相比,后三组的Occludin表达下降.结论 在GES-1细胞模型中,氯吡格雷可能通过降低Occludin的表达,从而损伤GES-1细胞.     

瑞巴派特对氯吡格雷所致人胃黏膜上皮细胞损伤的保护作用及其机制研究

背景:长期服用氯吡格雷可引起胃肠道损伤。瑞巴派特是一种新型胃黏膜保护剂,其用于防治氯吡格雷相关胃黏膜损伤的疗效尚不明确。目的:探讨瑞巴派特对氯吡格雷所致人胃黏膜上皮细胞损伤的保护作用及其可能机制。方法:以氯吡格雷处理的人胃黏膜上皮细胞株GES-1作为氯吡格雷组,以氯吡格雷联合不同浓度(0.2、0.5、1.0 mmol/L)瑞巴派特预处理的GES-1细胞作为瑞巴派特组,同时设立阴性对照组。采用MTT法检测细胞增殖抑制情况;采用倒置相差显微镜观察细胞形态学变化;采用蛋白质印迹法检测三叶因子1(TFF1)、磷酸化细胞外信号调节激酶1/2(p-ERK1/2)表达。结果:MTT法检测结果显示,瑞巴派特0.2、0.5、1.0 mmol/L组GES-1细胞增殖抑制率均显著低于氯吡格雷组(P<0.05)。倒置相差显微镜观察发现,氯吡格雷可诱导GES-1细胞损伤,而瑞巴派特可减轻氯吡格雷所致的细胞损伤。蛋白质印迹法检测结果显示,氯吡格雷组GES-1细胞TFF1蛋白表达较阴性对照组显著升高(P<0.05);瑞巴派特0.2、0.5、1.0 mmol/L组TFF1蛋白表达均较氯吡格雷组进一步升高,且作用呈浓度依赖性(P<0.05)。氯吡格雷组GES-1细胞p-ERK1/2蛋白表达较阴性对照组显著升高(P<0.05);瑞巴派特0.2、0.5、1.0 mmol/L组p-ERK1/2蛋白表达均较氯吡格雷组显著降低,作用亦呈浓度依赖性(P<0.05)。结论:瑞巴派特可能通过抑制ERK信号通路上调TFF1蛋白表达,从而参与调控氯吡格雷所致GES-1细胞损伤的修复,此过程是瑞巴派特防治氯吡格雷相关胃黏膜损伤的可能机制之一。     

瑞巴派特对阿司匹林所致人结肠癌细胞株Caco-2损伤的保护作用及其机制探讨

背景:随着胶囊内镜的问世,非甾体消炎药(NSAIDs)引起的小肠损伤日益受到重视。虽然有多种用于防治NSAIDs相关胃黏膜损伤的药物,但对于NSAIDs相关小肠黏膜损伤,至今仍缺乏有效的防治措施。目的:探讨瑞巴派特对阿司匹林所致人结肠癌细胞株Caco-2损伤的保护作用及其可能机制。方法:以经阿司匹林10 mmol/L处理的Caco-2细胞作为阿司匹林组,经阿司匹林联合不同浓度(0.1、0.5、1.0 mmol/L)瑞巴派特处理的Caco-2细胞作为瑞巴派特组,同时设立阴性对照组。采用MTT实验检测细胞增殖抑制情况;采用流式细胞术检测细胞凋亡情况;采用倒置相差显微镜观察细胞形态学变化;采用Transwell实验检测细胞通透性;采用蛋白质印迹法检测紧密连接蛋白occludin、闭锁小带蛋白-1(ZO-1)以及丝裂原活化蛋白激酶(MAPK)信号通路相关蛋白细胞外信号调节激酶(ERK)1/2、磷酸化ERK1/2(p-ERK1/2)、p38、p-p38、c-Jun氨基端激酶(JNK)、p-JNK表达。结果:瑞巴派特0.1、0.5、1.0 mmol/L组Caco-2细胞增殖抑制率、细胞凋亡率、细胞通透性均显著低于阿司匹林组(P0.05),且随瑞巴派特浓度升高而逐渐降低(P0.05)。倒置相差显微镜观察显示,阿司匹林可诱导Caco-2细胞损伤,而瑞巴派特可减轻阿司匹林引起的细胞损伤。与阿司匹林组相比,瑞巴派特0.1、0.5、1.0 mmol/L组occludin、ZO-1、p-JNK表达显著升高(P0.05),p-p38、p-ERK1/2表达显著降低(P0.05),变化均呈瑞巴派特浓度依赖性(P0.05)。结论:瑞巴派特可能通过调节MAPK信号通路(抑制p38、ERK1/2磷酸化,促进JNK磷酸化),使紧密连接蛋白表达上调、细胞通透性降低,从而防治阿司匹林所致Caco-2细胞损伤。     

活化蛋白C对重症急性胰腺炎大鼠丝裂原活化蛋白激酶信号通路的影响

丝裂原活化蛋白激酶（MAPK）信号通路对重症急性胰腺炎（SAP）继发严重并发症起早期关键介导作用，相应抑制剂可改善SAP的病情。活化蛋白C（APC）具有改善SAP病情的作用，其具体机制尚未阐明。目的：观察APC对SAP大鼠MAPK信号通路中主要激酶的影响以及后续炎症介质的变化，为临床用药提供理论依据。方法：Sprague．DawleY大鼠诱导SAP模型后即刻静脉注射APC10μg/kg或50μg/kg。以基因芯片检测胰腺组织MAPK信号通路相关基因。以实时定量聚合酶链反应（real-timePCR）和蛋白质印迹法检测胰腺组织该通路中p38MAPK、c-Jun氨基端激酶/应激活化蛋白激酶（JNK/SAPK）、细胞外信号调节激酶（ERK）1/2mRNA、蛋白和磷酸化蛋白水平的表达，同时检测肿瘤坏死因子（TNF）-α和白细胞介素（IL）-1β蛋白的表达。结果：与APC治疗组和正常对照组相比，SAP组胰腺组织p38MAPK和JNK2mRNA呈高表达。与SAP组相比，50Ixg/kgAPC治疗组p38MAPK、JNK/SAPK蛋白/磷酸化蛋白表达水平显著降低，ERK1/2蛋白/磷酸化蛋白表达水平显著升高，TNF-α和蛋白表达水平显著降低（P均〈0．05）。APC治疗组p38MAPK、磷酸化ERK1/2和TNF-α蛋白表达水平呈剂量依赖性（P均〈0．05）。结论：APC可抑制SAP大鼠胰腺组织MAPK信号通路内p38MAPK和JNK/SAPK的表达和活化，进而抑制TNF-α和IL-1β的释放，同时上调ERK1/2的表达和活化．从而减轻胰腺组织损伤。     

中药清肠栓对溃疡性结肠炎大鼠结肠黏膜紧密连接蛋白ZO-1、occludin的影响

目的:探讨复方中药清肠栓对三硝基苯磺酸(TNBS)诱导的UC大鼠结肠黏膜上皮紧密连接相关蛋白-l(ZO-1)、闭锁蛋白(occludin)的修复作用.方法:清洁级♂SD大鼠36只,随机分为正常组、模型组、SASP组、清肠栓高、中、低剂量组,每组6只.选用TNBS诱导的UC大鼠模型.采用免疫荧光的方法观察各组大鼠结肠黏膜...     

Moxibustion down-regulates colonic epithelial cell apoptosis and repairs tight junctions in rats with Crohn's disease

AIM: To investigate the effects of moxibustion on down-regulation of the colonic epithelial cell apoptosis and repair of the tight junctions in rats with Crohn’s disease (CD). METHODS: Sixty male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into a normal control (NC) group, a model control (MC) group, an herbs-partitioned moxibustion (HPM) group, a mild-warm moxibustion (MWM) group and a salicylazosulphapyridine (SASP) group, with 12 rats in each group. The CD model rats were treated with trinitrobenzene sulph...     

肠内营养对增龄大鼠肠黏膜上皮屏障的影响

目的 研究肠内营养（百普力）对老年大鼠增龄过程中肠黏膜上皮屏障变化的影响.方法 将20只12月龄和20只3月龄SD大鼠均随机分为肠内营养组和常规饮食组,肠内营养组给予常规饲料和肠内营养液（百普力）,常规饮食组给予标准饲料,饲养1月后取各组大鼠回肠组织常规HE染色观察形态学改变,半定量RT-PCR方法检测小肠黏膜组织中紧密连接蛋白（Occludin、ZO-1）mRNA表达水平,免疫组化法检测Occludin、ZO-1水平.统计学处理采用独立样本t检验和多元回归分析.结果 常规饮食组12月龄大鼠与3月龄大鼠相比：小肠绒毛高度降低（P＜0.05）,小肠黏膜组织中Occludin、ZO-1 mRNA表达减少（P＜0.05）,小肠黏膜组织中Occludin、ZO-1减少（P＜0.05）; 12月龄肠内营养组大鼠与常规饮食组大鼠相比,小肠黏膜厚度和绒毛高度增加（P＜0.05）,小肠黏膜组织中Occludin、ZO-1 mRNA表达增多（P＜0.05）,Occludin、ZO-1增多（P＜0.05）.结论 肠内营养（百普力）能改善老年SD大鼠肠黏膜上皮屏障中紧密连接蛋白（Occludin、ZO-1）的减少程度,对衰老时肠黏膜屏障损伤具有保护作用.     

Hepatocyte growth factor stimulates the migration of gastric epithelial cells by altering the subcellular localization of the tight junction protein ZO-1

Background

Hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) is essential for epithelial restitution, a process in which epithelial cells rapidly migrate to cover desquamated epithelium after mucosal injury in the gastrointestinal tract. In this study, we aimed to elucidate the molecular mechanisms of the HGF-mediated reconstitution of gastric epithelial structures by analyzing the expression and subcellular dynamics of tight junction proteins.

Methods

We treated human gastric epithelial MKN74 cells with HGF, and examined the effects of HGF on cell migration and proliferation, and the expression and subcellular dynamics of tight junction proteins; as well, we investigated the effect of HGF on paracellular permeability to macromolecules (using fluorescein isothiocyanate [FITC]-dextran).

Results

HGF significantly stimulated the migration of MKN74 cells, but not their proliferation, in a dose-dependent manner. HGF did not affect the expression of tight junction proteins, including claudin-1, -3, -4 and -7; occludin; and zonula occludens (ZO)-1. However, fluorescence immunostaining revealed that, in the cell membrane, the levels of ZO-1, but not those of occludin or claudin-4, were transiently decreased 1 h after HGF treatment. The results were further confirmed by western blotting: HGF reduced the amount of ZO-1 protein in the cell membrane fraction concomitantly with an increase in cytoplasmic ZO-1. Furthermore, HGF reduced the interaction between ZO-1 and occludin, and induced the tyrosine phosphorylation of occludin, whereas the phosphorylation status of ZO-1 was not affected by exposure to HGF. Despite a decrease in the ZO-1/occludin interaction, HGF did not affect paracellular permeability to macromolecules.

Conclusions

HGF alters the subcellular localization of ZO-1, probably through the tyrosine phosphorylation of occludin, which may induce cell dispersion during epithelial restitution.     

健脾理气颗粒对大鼠胃溃疡作用的研究

目的：研究健脾理气颗粒对大鼠胃溃疡及胃粘膜损伤的作用。方法：采用水浸应激致胃溃疡及口服乙醇致胃粘膜损伤法制模，再用健脾理气颗粒3个剂量组进行药效评价，并设对照组进行比较。结果：健脾理气颗粒3个剂量组对大鼠应激性胃溃疡的形成有明显的抑制作用（P＜0.05-0.01)，对口服乙醇致胃粘膜损伤也有保护作用，尤以10g/kg、20g/kg组为明显（P＜0.05-0.01)。结论：健脾理气颗粒具有明显地抑制大鼠胃溃疡及保护胃粘膜损伤作用。     

Moxibustion combined with acupuncture increases tight junction protein expression in Crohn's disease patients

AIM:To investigate the effect of herb-partitioned moxibustion combined with acupuncture on the expression of intestinal epithelial tight junction(TJ) proteins.METHODS:Sixty patients diagnosed with mild to moderate Crohn’s disease(CD)were allocated into the herb-partitioned moxibustion combined with acupuncture(HMA)group(n=30)or the mesalazine(MESA)group(n=30)using a parallel control method.There were 2 sets of acupoints used alternately for HMA treatment.The following points were included in Set A:ST25(Tianshu),RN6(Qihai),and RN9(Shuifen)for herb-partitioned moxibustion and ST36(Zusanli),ST37(Shangjuxu),LI11(Quchi),and LI4(Hegu)for acupuncture.The points for Set B included BL23(Shenshu)and BL25(Dachangshu)for herb-partitioned moxibustion and EX-B2 of T6-T1(Jiajixue)fo r acupuncture.The patients received the same treatment6 times a week for 12 consecutive weeks.The MESA group received 1 g of mesalazine enteric coated tablets4 times daily for 12 consecutive weeks.Intestinaltissues were stained and examined to compare the morphological and ultrastructural changes before and after the treatment session.Immunohistochemistry and in situ hybridization assays were used to detect the expression of intestinal epithelial TJ proteins zonula occludens-1(ZO-1),occludin,and claudin-1.The m RNA levels were also evaluated.RESULTS:After the treatment,both herb-partitioned moxibustion combined with acupuncture and mesalazine improved intestinal morphology and ultrastructure of CD patients;the patients treated with HMA showed better improvement.HMA significantly increased the expression of ZO-1(P=0.000),occludin(P=0.021),and claudin-1(P=0.016).MESA significantly increased the expression of ZO-1(P=0.016)and occludin(P=0.026).However,there was no significant increase in the expression of claudin-1(P=0.935).There was no statistically significant difference between the two groups for the expression of occludin and claudin-1(P0.05).The HMA group showed a significant improvement in ZO-1 expression compared to the MESA group(2333.34±352.51 vs 2160.38±307.08,P=0.047).HMA significantly increased the expression of ZO-1 m RNA(P=0.000),occludin m RNA(P=0.017),and claudin-1 m RNA(P=0.017).MESA significantly increased the expression of ZO-1 m RNA(P=0.000),occludin m RNA(P=0.042),and claudin-1 m RNA(P=0.041).There was no statistically significant difference between the two groups in the expression of occludin and claudin-1 m RNA(P0.05).However,the HMA group showed a significant improvement in ZO-1 m RNA expression compared with the MESA group(2378.17±308.77 vs 2200.56±281.88,P=0.023).CONCLUSION:HMA can repair intestinal epithelial barrier lesions and relieve inflammation by upregulating the expression of TJ proteins and their m RNAs.