创伤性假性肺囊肿的CT表现

目的:探讨创伤性假性肺囊肿的CT特征。方法:回顾性分析42例经临床和随访证实的创伤性假性肺囊肿的CT资料。结果:42例中,22例多发,20例单发,共77个囊肿;呈圆形35个,椭圆形28个,不规则形14个;含气型13个,气-液型48个,含液型16个。首诊病灶周围见不同程度的肺挫伤,治疗后病灶缩小。结论:CT能清楚显示创伤性假性肺囊肿的特征,是诊断创伤性假性肺囊肿便捷、准确的检查方法。     

创伤性肺假性囊肿的多排螺旋CT诊断

目的探讨多排螺旋CT对创伤性肺假性囊肿的诊断价值。方法对连续收治的42例创伤性肺假性囊肿患者进行MSCT检查,回顾性分析创伤性肺假性囊肿的CT表现。结果 42例患者经MSCT检测共发现98个病灶,多发病灶26例,单发性病灶16例。病灶位于上肺37个(37.8%),中下肺61个(62.2%),54个(55.1%)位于胸膜下区,中心区44个(44.9%)。病灶呈圆形或类圆形69个(70.4%),不规则形29个(29.6%)。98个病灶中,MSCT发现气囊肿33个(30.7%),气液囊肿50个(51.0%)和血肿15个(15.3%),病变周围可见不同程度肺挫伤改变。42例患者均有2~5次CT复查,大部分病变一周后缩小。动态随访发现气囊肿可演变为气液囊肿或血肿,气囊肿可演变为血肿,及血肿向气液囊肿逆向演变。不伴有大量血气胸的26例(61.9%)局灶型患者平均住院15天,伴有大量血气胸的16例(38.1%)复杂型患者平均住院48天,平均住院时间存在统计学差异(P=0.00)。结论 MSCT是诊断创伤性肺假性囊肿及随访的最佳影像学方法,对临床治疗具有重要指导价值。     

MSCT诊断外伤性肺囊肿的价值

目的通过分析外伤性肺囊肿多层螺旋CT(MSCT)的影像特点,以探讨其对外伤性肺囊肿的诊断价值。方法回顾性分析20例外伤性肺囊肿患者CT表现,包括常规扫描、横轴面薄层重组和冠状面、矢状面多平面重组图像。结果 20例外伤性肺囊肿共有囊肿26个,单发15例(占75%),多发5例(占25%)。CT表现为肺气囊肿3个(11.5%),气液囊肿15个(57.7%),液性囊肿8个(30.8%),三型囊肿可以相互转化。多平面重组图像显示囊肿数目、形态更清晰(P=0.01)。结论 MSCT检查是早期发现、诊断、分型及动态观察外伤性肺囊肿的最佳方法,对临床诊断及治疗具有重要指导价值。     

创伤性肺假性囊肿的MSCT征象分析

目的:分析创伤性肺假性囊肿的MSCT特征。方法:回顾性分析14例经临床和随访证实创伤性肺假性囊肿患者的胸部CT和临床资料,观察病变的位置、形态、大小、内部特征及邻近肺组织改变,分析肺假性囊肿的动态变化。结果:14例患者经MSCT检查共检出创伤性肺假性囊肿39个,其中单发6例,多发8例。病变呈单纯性含气囊肿26个,气液囊肿13个,未见单纯性含液囊肿。69.2%(27/39)的囊肿位于胸膜下区,其中13个邻近叶间胸膜,肺叶外周带胸壁下方10个,纵隔旁4个。病灶呈圆形或类圆形28个,不规则形11个。6个病灶内可见细线样分隔,5个病灶腔壁可见小尖角样突起,6个病灶囊腔旁可见细小裂隙样影。邻近肺组织均有不同程度挫伤改变。所有患者于伤后4～85d内进行复查,发现74.4%(29/39)的病灶不同程度缩小、吸收。结论:创伤性肺假性囊肿的CT表现具有一定的特征性,结合临床明确胸部创伤病史,以及随访过程中病变的自愈趋势,可作出较准确诊断。     

肺撕裂伤的CT诊断

目的：探讨CT对肺撕裂伤的诊断价值。方法：回顾性分析32例（68个病灶）肺撕裂伤的CT表现。结果：32例肺撕裂伤患者,共68个病灶,其中58个病灶位于肺表面或紧靠胸膜,10个病灶位于肺的中央,多发15例,单发17例。CT表现为肺气囊肿、气液囊肿、血肿。其中气囊肿9例,气液囊肿18例,肺撕裂伤伴肺内血肿5例。肺撕裂伤周围均有不同程度肺挫伤。CT分型Ⅰ型20例,Ⅱ型5例,Ⅲ型1例,Ⅰ型和Ⅱ型同时存在6例。结论：CT检查是早期发现、诊断、分型及动态观察肺撕裂伤的最佳方法,并可对治疗、转归及预后起指导作用。     

外伤性肺囊肿的CT诊抖

目的:评价CT对外伤性肺囊肿的诊断价值.方法:回顾分析11例外伤性肺囊肿患者CT表现.结果:11例病例中,2例为多发,9例为单发.右下肺多见,以后基底段和背段好发,都伴有肺挫伤,部分见液气胸、肋骨骨折和纵隔皮下气肿.结论:CT检查是诊断外伤性肺囊肿的直观、可靠、便捷的方法,对指导临床治疗有帮助.     

创伤性湿肺的螺旋CT诊断(附60例分析)

目的探讨螺旋CT对创伤性湿肺诊断及鉴别诊断的价值。方法回顾性分析了60例创伤性湿肺病人的螺旋CT资料,观察其CT征象,并加以总结。结果CT表现分为4型:(1)间质型10例,肺血管影增粗、模糊,(2)弥漫实变型15例:肺实质内散在斑点状、小片状稍高密度灶;(3)云雾型20例,呈磨砂玻璃改变的云雾状稍高密度灶(即“面纱征”);(4)节段实变型15例,大片状或呈叶、段分布的高密度灶。结论螺旋CT能够明确显示创伤性湿肺的部位、类型、范围和发现合并伤的存在,是目前诊断创伤性湿肺有效的检查手段之一。     

肺囊肿的CT表现与病理对照分析

目的:探讨肺囊肿的CT表现及CT诊断价值.材料和方法:分析经手术病理证实的肺囊肿24例(共28个囊肿)的发病部位、数目、大小、形态、密度、腔内及腔外邻近肺组织的CT表现.结果:左肺11个、右肺17个,含液囊肿8个,含气液囊肿19个,含气囊肿1个.含液囊肿增强扫描,囊壁增强,囊内无增强;囊壁钙化4个,囊内容物钙化3个,囊内出血2个; 6个病灶合并感染.结论:肺囊肿的CT表现有特征性,CT诊断价值可靠.     

创伤性湿肺的CT诊断(附35例报告)

目的 探讨创伤性湿肺的CT表现.方法 对35例创伤性湿肺患者的CT资料进行回顾性分析.结果 本组26例湿肺的CT表现包括:间质型4例,节段实变型12例,弥漫实变型10例,云雾型9例.其他征象:肺实质内薄壁囊状低密度灶5例,肺内血肿3例,液气胸7例,皮下软组织积气8例,纵隔积气2例,肋骨等骨折23例.结论 CT检查可为早期创伤性湿肺的诊断提供可靠依据.     

多层螺旋CT重组技术在先天性支气管肺囊肿术前评估中的价值

目的 探讨多层螺旋CT重组技术在先天性支气管肺囊肿术前评估中的价值.资料与方法 对15例先天性支气管肺囊肿患者采用多层螺旋CT进行薄层扫描,并在工作站上对扫描数据进行支气管和肺的表面重组(SSD)和多平面重组(MPR),明确诊断以后,协同胸心外科医师根据肺部病灶的形态、部位、大小、数目、密度、范围、周边解剖关系、继发病变、肺功能可能受损情况等,从影像学角度评价手术切除的可行性,选择手术适应证.结果 15例先天性支气管肺囊肿中单发13例,多发2例;右肺11例.左肺4例.含气囊肿7例;含液囊肿3例;含气液混合囊肿5例.5例含气液混合囊肿与7例含气囊肿用支气管和肺SSD、MPR重组方式均能很好显示,3例含液囊肿则用MPR重组方式能良好地显示.15例患者经术前CT明确诊断和评估,实际手术治疗12例,成功切除11例.4例行单纯囊肿摘除术,6例行肺楔形切除术,1例行肺叶切除术,病灶均彻底切除.切除标本术后经病理证实.手术、病理情况与术前CT影像学评估一致.结论 多层螺旋CT的SSD、MPR重组技术是先天性支气管肺囊肿术前诊断的最佳影像学检查方法,并且在外科术前评估中具有重要意义.     

Optimization of the system of medical service of students of Cadet Schools of the Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation

One of the factors of the successful military career guidance Cadet schools students is preserving and promoting their health. Medical support of children and adolescents aged 10-17 years should include the full range of medical and preventive measures defined for this group. The state of providing outpatient care for pupils at the Cadet School in St. Petersburg was studied. These results show that full medical care in accordance with the standards can be based only on children's health clinics. It is important that the organization of medical support pupils cadet schools should be cooperate with civilian health care.     

带状疱疹83例误诊原因分析

带状疱疹是由水痘—带状疱疾病毒引起的皮肤科常见疾病。其主要的病理损害,一是受累神经的严重炎症性浸润,继而导致受侵犯神经节内神经细胞变性、坏死;二是皮肤的水泡。迅速抑制神经节和相应的感觉神经纤维的充血、水肿和坏死,防止粘连形成,达到迅速镇痛、改善皮损,缩短病程及防止后遗症的发生是治疗的关键。因而,尽早明确诊断,     

Estimation of accumulated dose of radiation by method of ESR-spectrometry of dental enamel of mammals

ESR-spectrometry was used to investigate radiation-induced paramagnetic centers in enamel of mammals: carnivores (polar bear and fox), ungulates (reindeer, European bison, moose), and man. Values at half the microwave power saturation of the radiation signal, P_1/2, evaluated at room temperature, was found to range from 16 to 26 mW for animals and man. A new approach to discrimination of the radiation induced signal from the total ESR spectrum of reindeer enamel is proposed. ‘Dose-response’ dependencies of enamel of different species mammals were measured within the dose range from 0.48 up to 10.08 Gy. Estimations of ‘radiosensitivity’ enamel of carnivores and ungulates showed good agreement with radiosensitivity enamel of man by ESR method.     

Analysis of the results of the international comparison of activity measurements of a solution of Fe

The results of an international comparison of activity measurements of a solution of ⁵⁵Fe organized by the BIPM in 2005 are reported and analysed. This exercise, which follows the procedures of the CIPM mutual recognition arrangement to update older comparisons, is a renewal of the comparison organized by the BIPM that took place in 1978. A EUROMET comparison was organized in 1996 specifically to compare activity measurements of a ⁵⁵Fe solution by means of liquid-scintillation techniques. Results of these three comparisons are presented and discussed in this paper.

The radionuclide solution was provided by the NPL, which also distributed the samples to the participants. The activity of the ampoules was measured by 16 laboratories using 12 methods producing 25 results. Some general considerations on uncertainty assessments pertaining to the different techniques used are drawn. The outcome of four different estimators is compared from which the presence of at least one outlier can be confirmed. Further measurements should be made to try to reduce the discrepancy between the results. To date the outcome of the present comparison does not show an improvement to that of the 1996 comparison.     

Evaluation of the results of various technics of non-surgical therapy of varicocele

A new method of non-surgical treatment of varicocele syndrome is described: it consists in sclerotherapy of spermatic vein by trans-femoral percutaneous catheterization with balloon-catheters. In 8 cases venous thrombosis has been induced by direct electric clotting. The techniques and a 6 months follow-up are discussed. It is pointed out that this procedure should be considered as the method of choice for tubular lesions and sub-fertility prophylaxis in young people and in childhood.     

延迟性脾破裂误漏诊原因分析

目的探讨延迟性脾破裂误漏诊原因和预防措施.方法回顾性分析总结12例延迟性脾破裂中的诊断和误漏诊的经验与教训.结果本组延迟性脾破裂的误漏诊5例(41.66%).对多发伤与脾破裂并存可能认识不足,外伤史轻微或伤员隐瞒外伤史,缺乏腹痛-缓解-突然再腹痛的典型病史,缺乏“对冲性脾破裂”力学分析和整体化诊断思路等为其误漏诊的主要原因.结论详细的外伤史和全面系统检查,重视腹以外多发伤掩盖腹内脏器伤及延迟性脾破裂可能.确立外伤-腹内脏器伤-脾破裂整体化诊断思路.不间断地辅以B超检查脾形态学变化和腹内有无积液,腹腔穿刺确定有无血腹、X线胸腹部检查观察左侧胸肋角和膈肌运动情况、必要时CT检查以尽早发现脾包膜下血肿,降低延迟性脾破裂误漏诊率.