功能确定后的HRP细胞内注射标记的三叉神经中脑核神经元的电…

在猫的Ｐｒｏｂｓｔ束纤维内记录并注射ＨＲＰ，确定出支配咬肌肌梭的三叉神经中脑核神经元，对其进行了连续切片电镜观察。发现约有１０个不明来源终扣与被标记的中脑神经元密切接触，其中４个与之形成明确的突触。突触有两种类型：对称性含混合透明小泡（圆形，椭圆形和扁平小泡）者和非对称性含园形透明小泡者。另外后者也有含有为数很少，散在分布的小园形致密芯颗粒小泡。在其它与标记胞体密切接触的终扣内，也可见到不规则分布     

大鼠红核脊髓束与脊髓小脑束起始细胞突触联系的电镜研究

采用神经元溃变和ＨＲＰ神经元逆行追踪结合的方法。电镜观察红核脊髓束终末与脊髓小脑束起始细胞的突触联系。结果表明红核脊髓束溃变终末与ＨＲＰ标记的脊髓小脑束起始神经元（脊髓边缘细胞和Ｃｌａｒｋｅ柱细胞）胞体及树突形成突触,但大部分溃变终扣则与非标记神经元构成突触。以轴－树触居多。溃变终扣主要呈电子致密型和清亮型两种。以致密型为主,内多含圆形小泡。实验提示红核脊髓束与脊髓小脑束起始细胞存在直接或间接的突     

皮质—网状—脊髓通路——HRP法结合溃变电镜法研究

用ＨＲＰ逆行标记法结合溃变电镜技术，观察了１２只大鼠的蓝斑，外侧网状核，中缝大核，巨细胞网状核在旁正中网状核中皮质纤维终末的超微结构及其与网状脊髓神经元的突触联系。损伤皮质感觉运动区的各例动物，均出现两种溃变型，电子致密型和微丝增生型。前者为皮质的主要溃变型，分布于各核；后者出现很少，只见于外侧网状核。电子致密型终扣有大小两种，大终扣少，有含圆形清亮型小泡，多形清亮型小泡，清亮型和颗粒型小泡并存的     

皮质—脑桥核—小脑通路的HRP结合溃变电镜法研究

目的：观察大鼠脑桥核内皮质纤维终末的溃疡变型及其与脑桥核小脑投射神经元的突触联系方式,方法：采用HRP逆行标记结合溃变电镜技术。结果：（1）皮质纤维终末出现电子致密和微丝增生两种溃变类型。以电子致密型为主。后者终末又有两种不同形态,即含圆形清亮型小泡和多形清亮型小泡者,以圆形清亮型小泡终末占优势。（2）皮质纤维终末与脑桥核小脑投射神经元形成轴－树和少量轴－体突触,部分溃变终末与HRP标记的投射神经元形成单突触联系,结论：皮质纤维与脑桥核小脑投射神经元间存在的单突触联系构成了皮持－脑桥核－小脑通路。     

大鼠脊髓小脑前束起始细胞——脊髓边缘细胞突触形态学的电镜研究

将辣根过氧化物酶注入大鼠小脑后,在脊髓L_1～L_3节段中的脊髓边缘细胞(SBC)得到逆行标记。对标记的SBC的突触联系进行电镜观察,并根据突触前区小泡形状及终扣形态,将这些终扣大致可分为6型,即S、F、Cf、T、G和P型。其中S和F型终扣根据其形态,各自又分为两个亚型,即细长型和圆型。S和F型分别含有球形及扁平型小泡;Cf型终扣含扁形小泡,突触前、后膜无明显特征,在突触后膜下有亚突触间隙;T型终扣含有清亮球形小泡,也可见大颗粒小泡,在突触后膜下可见致密体;G型终扣在突触前区内含有大颗粒小泡;P型是指附着在大S型终扣上的含有多样形小泡的终扣。S型、T型和G型突触后膜均比前膜明显增厚,呈不对称性。有关上述SBC突触终扣来源问题,还需进一步研究。     

大鼠丘脑前核内海马下托复合体谷氨酸能传入终末与皮质投射神经元的突触联系

目的 探讨大鼠丘脑前核-海马下托复合体神经元环路的突触结构及谷氨酸分布特征.方法 应用HRP束路追踪结合包埋后胶体金免疫电镜技术.结果 在丘脑前核内,可见HRP顺行标记的海马下托复合体传入轴突终末,终末多为卵圆形,内含圆形透亮突触小泡和数个线粒体.其做为突触前成分与HRP标记的树突或非HRP标记的树突形成非对称性突触.在谷氨酸胶体金免疫反应切片上,胶体金颗粒标记胞体、树突、轴突终末等.HRP标记的轴突终末和一些非HRP标记的与突触后成分形成非对称性突触的轴突终末(Gray Ⅰ型)内,胶体金颗粒密度明显大于背景(胞体、树突、Gray Ⅱ型轴突终末等)的胶体金颗粒密度.其平均胶体金颗粒密度为突触后树突的3倍多,为对称性轴突终末(Gray Ⅱ型)的6倍多.在两张邻近的连续切片,γ-氨基丁酸(GABA)胶体金免疫反应切片上,GABA胶体金颗粒浓重标记Gray Ⅱ型轴突终末,背景标记极少;而非对称性轴突终末(Gray Ⅰ型)胶体金颗粒标记极弱.谷氨酸胶体金免疫反应切片上,Gray Ⅱ型轴突终末胶体金颗粒标记极弱.GABA阳性轴突终末与HRP标记的树突形成对称性突触,在同一树突上可见GABA能轴突终末形成的对称性突触和其他轴突终末形成的非对称性突触.结论 丘脑前核内来自海马下托复合体投射神经元的轴突终末是谷氨酸能的;来自海马下托复合体皮质投射神经元轴突终末,在丘脑前核与投射至海马下托皮质的神经元树突形成非对称性轴-树突触.     

家兔皮质脊髓束向脊髓长下行固有束神经元的投射──HRP逆行追踪结合顺行溃变技术的光镜和电镜研究

用成年家兔１１只，在脊髓腰膨大部注射ＨＲＰ或麦芽凝集素结合的辣根过氧化物酶（ＷＧＡ－ＨＲＰ），逆行追踪长下行脊髓固有束神经元在颈髓和部分胸髓的分布。其中５例动物在腰膨大注射ＨＲＰ的同时进行大脑皮质脊髓束起始区的损毁，电镜观察皮质脊髓束在颈髓的溃变末梢与ＨＲＰ逆行标记神经元的关系。结果表明，长下行脊髓固有束神经元在脊髓灰质内可分为背腹两群，背侧群主要集中在Ｖ层，细胞较少；腹侧群位于ＶＩＩ、ＶＩＩＩ层，细胞数较多。电镜下可观察到与标记神经元相突触的终扣多为圆形含圆形和混合型小泡。演变末梢有些与标记神经元的胞体或树突形成突触，也有些通过未标记的终扣间接与标记神经元相联系。本研究表明，家兔皮质脊髓束可能通过多种下行通路控制腰部运动，其中，胞体位于颈髓的长下行脊髓固有束神经元肯定与这一下行运动控制机制有关。     

皮质脑干纤维终末的超微结构——溃变电镜法研究

用溃变电镜法观察了１２只大鼠的中缝大核，蓝斑，旁正中网状核，巨细胞状核，桥核，外侧网状核和下橄榄主核中皮质下行纤维终末的溃变型，超微结构及突触联系。结果如下：（１）皮质纤维有三种溃变型，即电子致密型，微丝增生型和电子透明型。以电子致突型为主。（２）三种溃变型在各核中出现的数量和种类不同。（３）电子致密型溃变终扣有含圆形清亮型小泡，多形清亮型小泡和混合型小泡三种终扣。各核中，三种不同小泡终扣的出现种     

大鼠延髓孤束核吻侧段内脑啡肽阳性终末与γ-氨基丁酸阳性神经元联系的形态学研究

目的 观察大鼠孤束核吻侧段(rNTS)内脑啡肽阳性(ENK-ir)终末与γ-氨基丁酸(GABA-ir)阳性神经元之间的联系.方法 免疫荧光双重标记技术,包埋前免疫组织化学方法染色结合免疫金颗粒标记的电镜双标技术.结果 激光扫描共焦显微镜下可见rNTS内有大量的ENK-ir纤维和终末及散在的GABA-ir神经元.ENK-ir终末与GABA-ir神经元之间形成密切接触.在电镜下可见ENK-ir阳性产物主要定位于圆形清亮突触小泡及大颗粒囊泡表面.ENK-ir轴突终末与GABA-ir及阴性神经元胞体及树突之间形成对称性和非对称性的突触联系,以对称性突触为主.结论 rNTS内的ENK-ir终末可能通过抑制或增强GABA能神经元活性,或直接抑制味觉感受神经元活性的方式,参与NTS内味觉信息的感受和调节.     

自发性高血压大鼠蓝斑核超微结构的研究

用5只雄性自发性高血压大鼠作为实验组，另2只正常血压雄性大鼠作为对照组。常规电镜技术处理后，观察、拍照并计数每个电镜视野内的有关结构，比较两组蓝斑核神经元超微结构的特点。结果：在两组的蓝斑核神经元内均可见到大量的细胞器和胞质内含物：高尔基复合体、线粒体、粗面内质网、神经分泌颗粒、膜下囊泡和棘器，实验组比对照组多且发达，其中后三者尤为显著；神经毯内两组的突触类型均以GrayⅠ型（不对称型）为主，但实验组的突触前膨大内圆形清亮突触小泡（S型）和致密核芯颗粒突触小泡（g型）较多，平行性突触、连续性突触及嵴突触等特殊形态的突触实验组亦多于对照组。结果提示：自发性高血压的形成与蓝斑核神经元超微结构的功能活动和结构变化密切相关，在高血压时，蓝斑核有较多的神经无处于兴奋状态，而正常血压的调节和维持则有赖于蓝斑核神经元兴奋和抑制状态的平衡。     

Quantitative ultrastructure of synapses on functionally identified primary afferent neurons in the cat trigeminal mesencephalic nucleus

Though a number of studies have reported the presence of synapses on neurons in the trigeminal mesencephalic nucleus (Vmes), there have been no quantitative studies of either the density of innervation, or the ultrastructure, of the synapses on single, physiologically identified neurons in this nucleus. In this study we recorded from single neurons in the Vmes, identified them as being either muscle spindle afferents (MS) or periodontal ligament mechanoreceptor afferents (PL), and then labeled the neurons by intra-axonal injection of horseradish peroxidase (HRP). The material was first processed to reveal the HRP activity, following which ultrathin sections through the labeled somata were cut and examined under the electron microscope. Complete serial reconstructions were made through the soma of one MS neuron and one PL neuron, and the contacts on the neurons reconstructed. Boutons were found on the soma, spines, appendages and the axon hillock and the initial segment of the axon. The numbers of boutons terminating on the two neurons were 198 (PL) and 424 (MS), giving a packing density of 4.4 and 10.7 boutons respectively (i.e., number of boutons/100 micron 2 of the postsynaptic membrane). Boutons could be separated into two types on the basis of their vesicles: those containing clear, round vesicles (i.e., S-type) and those containing a mixture of round, oval and flattened vesicles (P-type). Ninety-five (PL neuron) and 99% (MS neuron) of terminals on the two neurons were P-type. All the S-type boutons and 80% of the P-type boutons formed asymmetric synaptic contacts while 10% of the P-type boutons made symmetric contacts. Quantitative measurements of the P-type boutons on the labeled neurons, in which the data of MS and PL neurons were pooled, revealed that bouton volume was highly correlated with bouton surface area, active zone number, total active zone area, vesicle number, and mitochondrial volume. However, comparing the quantitative measurements of the P-type boutons with those of previously reported vibrissa afferent terminals and their associated axon terminals revealed that all the parameters were smaller for the P-type boutons (on Vmes neurons) than those of the vibrissa afferent terminals but similar to those of axon terminals presynaptic to the vibrissa afferents. Taken together, our results emphasize the wide scope for synaptic interactions in the Vmes and suggest that it may be more fruitful to view the Vmes as an integrating center.     

Quantitative ultrastructural analysis of the periaqueductal gray in the rabbit

The fine structure of the periaqueductal gray (PAG) of the rabbit was examined using the transmission electron microscope. On the basis of synaptic polarity, vesicle size, and the nature of the pre- and postsynaptic elements, 10 essentially different synaptic types could be discerned (6 axo-dendritic, 2 axo-somatic, 1 axo-axonic, and 1 dendro-dendritic). Synaptic contact on the soma of PAG neurons were small and covered, on average, only 1.6% of the soma surface. The most striking feature of the synaptic structure of the PAG was that more than 94.1% of all synapses were axo-dendritic. Of these, 83.5% were of the symmetrical type. Most of these contacts occurred on buttons of small to medium size, and contained either round vesicles of medium size or pleomorphic vesicles of medium size. Boutons containing only flattened vesicles were quite rare. Boutons contacting larger dendrites were generally small-to-medium in size, made asymmetric-type synaptic contacts, and contained pleomorphic vesicles of medium-to-large size. Medium-sized dendrites were contacted principally by small boutons exhibiting either symmetrical or asymmetrical junctions containing medium-sized pleomorphic vesicles, and in addition a few of these boutons contained both large, and small, round vesicles. Dendritic spines were generally provided with only one synaptic contact, stretching the entire width of the spinous process. Boutons and the spines on dendrites were approximately the same size. Synapses between two vesicle-containing structures (axo-axonic or dendro-dendritic synapses) were rare (1.4%). They were generally asymmetric and contained round vesicles of medium size. Complex synapses, where a glial sheet enclosed the synapse, were occasionally observed. Also seen were multiple synapses, with up to 11 contacts on a single dendritic profile. Large dense-core vesicle were seen in approximately 40% of all synapses, whereas small dense-core vesicles were only found in about 3%. Data is provided on how different synaptic features relate to ventral, lateral, dorsal, and medial PAG. Principally this is in relation to neuron size, glia cell content, axonal characterization, and vesicular type. © 1993 Wiley-Liss, Inc.     

家兔脊髓下橄榄投射的突触特点——HRP顺行标记法电镜研究

将HRP注入家兔脊髓腰膨大灰质,在对侧下橄榄背侧副核内显示出大量HRP顺行标记的脊髓纤维终末。并用电子显微镜观察这些标记终末构成的突触。标记终末主要含圆形清亮囊泡,少数含扁形或多形清亮囊泡,清亮囊泡间常夹有散在的大致密芯囊泡。在下橄榄背侧副核内,大部分标记终末形成轴树突触,少数形成轴体突触。有一标记终末同时含圆形及扁形两种清亮囊泡,各与一树突及一胞体构成突触。特别是标记终末还参与构成轴轴突触及突触球。本文还对这些特殊结构的机能意义进行了初步探讨。     

The mormyrid brainstem--II. The medullary electromotor relay nucleus: an ultrastructural horseradish peroxidase study

The medullary relay nucleus of the mormyrid weakly electric fish Gnathonemus petersii is a stage in the command pathway for the electric organ discharge. It receives input from the presumed command or pacemaker nucleus and projects to the electromotoneurons in the spinal cord. Its fine structure and synaptology were investigated by electron microscopy. The origin of the terminals contacting the cell membrane of the neurons of this nucleus was determined by horseradish peroxidase (HRP) injections into different brain structures, namely into the bulbar command- and mesencephalic command-associated nuclei. Twenty-five to thirty large cells of about 45 micron in diameter constitute the medullary electromotor relay. Each cell has a kidney-shaped, lobulated nucleus, a large myelinated axon with a short initial segment and several long, richly arborizing primary dendrites. Many, if not all, cells are interconnected with large somatosomatic or dendrosomatic, dendrodendritic and dendroaxonic gap junctions. These junctions often occur in serial or triadic arrangements. The relay cells receive large club endings as well as small boutons. The club endings are found mainly on the soma and primary dendrites and are morphologically mixed synapses. The boutons are characterized by synapses which are only chemical and are distributed all over the cell membrane, but with a definitely higher frequency on secondary dendrites and more distal parts of dendritic processes. Horseradish peroxidase injections into the mesencephalic command-associated nucleus reveal a large number of labelled boutons on the secondary dendrites of the relay cells. Injections into the bulbar command-associated nucleus label the same type of boutons as mesencephalic injections, but also label club endings on relay cell soma and primary dendrites. The results support the conclusion made on the basis of previous light microscopical observations that boutons originate from the bulbar command-associated nucleus, whereas the club endings issue from the presumed pacemaker nucleus (nucleus c). The club endings of the bifurcating axons of this nucleus are labelled by retro- and anterograde transport of horseradish peroxidase; the bifurcating axons project simultaneously to the bulbar command-associated nucleus and the medullary relay nucleus.     

Characterization of input synapses on intracellularly stained neurons in hippocampal slices: an HRP/EM study

Summary This study describes the fine structure of input synapses on identified neurons in slices of the guinea pig hippocampus. For morphological identification, granule cells of the fascia dentata and pyramidal neurons of regio inferior of the hippocampus were impaled and intracellularly stained with horse-radish peroxidase (HRP). Input synapses on the HRP-stained neurons were identified in the electron microscope by the location of the synapses in inner or outer zones of the dentate molecular layer, as in the case of the synaptic contacts on injected granule cells, or by unique fine structural characteristics, as in the case of the giant mossy fiber boutons on CA3 pyramidal cells. As in tissue fixed in situ by transcardial perfusion, a large number of terminals arising from the different afferents in inner and outer zones of the dentate molecular layer were well preserved and formed synaptic contacts with small spines, large complex spines, and dendritic shafts of the HRP-filled granule cells. Mossy fiber synapses on the stained CA3 neurons were densely filled with clear vesicles, contained a few dense-core vesicles, and formed synaptic contacts with large spines or excrescences. Occasionally electrondense degenerating boutons were also found impinging on the stained dendrites and spines. The significance of the present findings for electrophysiological and pharmacological studies on brain slices is discussed.     

Large dense-core vesicle exocytosis and membrane recycling in the mossy fibre synapses of the rabbit hippocampus during epileptiform seizures

Summary The ultrastructure of the hippocampal mossy fibre layer was studied in ultrathin sections and freeze-fracture preparations of rabbits under deep Nembutal anaesthesia, after recovery from ether anaesthesia, and 40 min after a single injection of methoxypyridoxine, that is, during the second generalized seizure discharge. The giant mossy fibre boutons contain two types of vesicles: evenly distributed, small round clear vesicles (50 nm) and a few scattered large dense-core vesicles (100 nm). In rare instances fusion of dense-core vesicles with the presynaptic membrane was observed. No differences in the morphology of the mossy fibre synapses were found between anaesthetized and unanaesthetized animals. During epileptiform seizures, however, the size and shape of clear and dense-core vesicles varied greatly. The active synaptic zones were covered with large, core-containing omega profiles or bumps and indentations. Only dense-core vesicles seem to undergo exocytosis. A fusion of clear vesicles with the presynaptic membrane was not observed.Various explanations for the fact that only dense-core vesicles seem to undergo exocytosis are discussed. The hypothesis is put forward that in the mossy fibre bouton two morphologically and functionally distinct populations of synaptic vesicles exist and that only one of them undergoes visible irreversible exocytosis, whereas the majority, that is, the small vesicles discharge their transmitter by reversible fusion.After MP injection features of membrane retrieval were also prominent. Frequently, at the borders of the active synaptic zones coated membrane convolutes of both pre- and postsynaptic membranes had invaded the terminals as well as the postsynaptic spine. Thus, in contrast to electrical stimulation, the self-sustained seizures allow energy-expensive processes such as extensive membrane internalization to take place during the interictal pauses.     

The mormyrid brainstem--III. Ultrastructure and synaptic organization of the medullary "pacemaker" nucleus

The ultrastructure and synaptic organization of the presumed medullary pacemaker nucleus, nucleus c of the weakly electric mormyrid fish, Gnathonemus petersii has been investigated. Nucleus c consists of about 12-15 small (20-25 micron) neurones (P-cells), which form a group situated ventrally to the medullary relay nucleus and embedded in a neuropil of myelinated fibres and dendritic processes. The P-cells often exhibit an enhanced electron density of their cytoplasm and dendroplasm. They possess several dendrites of different diameter, a short, thin axon initial segment and a thickly myelinated axon running in dorsal direction. The pacemaker neurons are interconnected by complex electronic coupling, established by somatosomatic, dendrosomatic and dendrodendritic gap junctions. Perikarya and dendrites are frequently interconnected serially by gap junctions; dendrites showed sometimes triadic gap-junction arrangement. It is suggested that this high degree of electrotonic coupling amongst the pacemaker cells represents the first level of the highly ordered synchronization processes which characterize the electric discharge command system of Gnathonemus. Pacemaker cells receive synaptic input from club endings with mixed synapses and from bouton-like terminals with chemical synapses, both of them originating from medium-sized myelinated fibres and contacting mainly neuronal perikarya and dendritic processes. The axon initial segment receives only few synaptic inputs. Bouton-like terminals were found to be of two types according to their vesicle content, namely, boutons with ovoid, clear synaptic vesicles forming Gray type-1 synapses and boutons with pleomorphic clear synaptic vesicles forming Gray type-2 synapses. Different functional roles for the two types of boutons in modulating pacemaker cell activity are suggested.     

GABA- and glycine-immunoreactive terminals contacting motoneurons in lamprey spinal cord

Double postembedding GABA- and glycine-immunostaining was performed on the lamprey (Lampetra fluviatilis) spinal cord after previous HRP labeling of motoneurons. Immunopositive boutons contacting motoneurons were counted and distinguished as GABA (39%), glycine (30%) and both GABA+glycine-immunopositive (31%). Densely-packed, flattened synaptic vesicles were only observed in glycine-immunopositive boutons while GABA-immunoreactive and GABA+glycine-immunoreactive boutons contained rounded or oval synaptic vesicles. Dense-core vesicles of different diameters were associated with conventional synaptic vesicles in 74% of GABA-only-immunopositive boutons, 50% of double GABA+glycine-immunopositive boutons, but were only observed in 9% of glycine-only-immunopositive boutons. The presence of terminals immunoreactive to either GABA or glycine contacting the motoneurons suggests that there is a morphological substrate for both GABAergic and glycinergic postsynaptic inhibition of motoneurons in the lamprey spinal cord.     

GABA能神经成分对大鼠咀嚼肌本体觉传入进行初级整合的形态学基础──Ricin跨节溃变、HRP逆行追踪与抗GABA免疫组化法结合的电镜观察

本文作者曾证明,三叉神经感觉主核背内侧区和三叉上核尾外侧部是大鼠三又神经本体觉三级传入通路中继站。为证实此二处的ＧＡＢＡ能丘脑投射神经元和中间神经元是否参与三叉神经本体觉的传导和初级整合并阐明其整合机制,用Ｒｉｃｉｎ毁损三叉神经中脑核神经元及其终末,ＨＲＰ逆行标记此区的丘脑投射神经元以及抗ＧＡＢＡ免疫组化三者结合的方法,在电镜下发现：（１）中脑核神经元的溃变终末与该二区神经毯中的ＧＡＢＡ能三叉—丘脑投射神经元的胞体和树突形成轴—体和轴—树突触。（２）溃变终末与ＧＡＢＡ样中间神经元形成突触。（３）ＧＡ—ＢＡ样终末与ＧＡＢＡ能三叉—丘脑投射神经元形成突触。（４）ＧＡＢＡ样终末也与ＧＡＢＡ样神经元的胞体和树突形成自突触。此外还观察到ＧＡＢＡ能三叉—丘脑投射神经元的回返侧支与ＧＡＢＡ能中间神经元间的突触连接和大的“贝壳状”ＧＡＢＡ样终末与周围的神经成分形成复杂的突触复合体。证实该二区的ＧＡＢＡ能三叉—丘脑投射神经元直接参与三叉神经本体党的向心传导;同时,ＧＡＢＡ能中间神经元和其它来源的ＧＡＢＡ能神经成分也参与本体觉传导的初级整合作用,其间存在着突触前、后抑制,去抑制,突触前易化,回返抑制等复杂整合机制的结构基础。     

脊髓侧角区5-HT、TH、SP和L-ENK免疫反应纤维和终末的超微结构

本文应用免疫细胞化学ABC法,在电镜下观察脊髓侧角区单胺能和某些肽能纤维及末梢的突触组合。大鼠侧角内的5-HT、TH、SP和L-ENK免疫反应纤维均为无髓纤维。在侧角细胞簇内,这些纤维穿行于胞体之间,有的与胞体相邻,但很少与胞体形成轴-体突触。这些单胺和肽类纤维也与树突伴行,在树突束内数量最多。有时一小束无髓纤维都含同一种免疫反应物质。轴-树突触是各种免疫反应纤维终末所形成突触的主要形式。各种纤维终末所含的小泡多为圆清亮小泡,或兼有少数大颗粒泡。SP和L-ENK纤维膨体内的小泡与其终末内者不同,大颗粒泡较多,有时约占半数。各种免疫反应终末所组成参与的突触,对称或非对称型均不显现优势。