16例意外胆囊癌回顾性分析

目的探讨意外胆囊癌的临床病例特点、治疗以及预后。方法回顾性分析我院2001年1月至2011年1月经手术治疗的意外胆囊癌共16例的临床资料、治疗方式以及预后。结果本组病例男4例,女12例,年龄为24～78岁,中位年龄52岁。AJCC分期:Ⅰa期4例,Ⅰb期4例,Ⅱa期3例,Ⅱb期1例,Ⅲ期2例,Ⅳ期2例。行腹腔镜单纯胆囊切除术6例,胆囊切除联合肝切除及区域淋巴结清扫9例;1例因病变晚期仅行剖腹探查术。本组无术后死亡。本组病例总中位生存时间为43个月,其中Ⅰ期为54个月,Ⅱ期为28个月,Ⅲ、Ⅳ期为5月,各组有统计学意义,P值<0.001。结论意外胆囊癌早期临床症状不典型,术前检查难以及时发现,重视高危因素;术中解剖胆囊,尽量行术中冰冻检查。对Ⅰ期病人,单纯胆囊切除已足够;而Ⅱ、Ⅲ期病人,积极行胆囊癌根治性切除术应该是更好的选择。     

乳癌根治术术野种植的预防(附135例分析)

乳癌根治术或改良根治术后发生术野瘤细胞种植（即术野区出现多个，质硬，大小不等结节），已成为影响乳癌患者术后效果的主要原因之一。我科1988年1月以来对乳癌手术严格按无瘤术的要求进行操作，术野种植发生率明显下降，治疗效果得到提高。1临床资料1．1性别与年龄：均为女性，最小年龄25岁，最大年龄75岁，其中40岁以下17例，占12．6％；40～55岁72例，占53．3％；55岁以上46例，占34．7％。1．2病理类型：见附表1．3TNM分期：Ⅰ期6例，Ⅱa期15例，Ⅱb期19例，Ⅲa期58例，Ⅲb期25例，Ⅳ期12例。2结果我们随机分组，均有术后病理证实，…     

宫颈癌新辅助化疗42例临床分析

目的观察子宫颈癌新辅助化疗疗效及其临床意义。方法宫颈癌42例中Ⅰb期(巨块型,直径≥4 cm)12例,Ⅱa期10例,Ⅱb期12例,Ⅲ期6例,Ⅵ期2例,均采用TP(PTX DDP)方案化疗2周期。结果近期有效率为85.7%(36/42),其中Ⅰb期3例,Ⅱa期2例,经2周期化疗后属病理完全缓解,同时经化疗后提高了Ⅱb期和Ⅲ期手术率,为55.6%(10/18),其中Ⅱb期12例经化疗后8例手术,术后病理证实,宫旁浸润1例,盆腔淋巴结转移2例,脉管癌栓1例,手术彻底性也提高。结论宫颈癌术前化疗使癌灶缩小,提高了手术切除率及患者的生存质量。     

Ⅲ期非小细胞肺癌的综合治疗

目的　总结Ⅲ期非小细胞肺癌的疗效 ,分析影响其预后的因素。方法　采用手术为主的综合疗法 ,治疗 38例Ⅲ期非小细胞肺癌 ,其中Ⅲa期 2 3例 ,Ⅲb期 15例 ;切除全肺 12例、肺叶 2 6例 ;根治性切除 2 5例 ,姑息性切除 13例。术前化疗加术后放、化疗 12例 ,术后放、化疗 9例 ,术后化疗 11例 ,单一手术 6例。结果　Ⅲa及Ⅲb期肺癌患者三年生存率分别为 35 %和 2 0 % ,五年生存率分别为 2 2 %和 13 % ,单一手术病例三年生存率为 0。结论　手术为主的综合治疗能明显改善Ⅲ期非小细胞肺癌病人的远期疗效和生存质量。     

原发性肝癌手术切除243例分析

广西是我国原发性肝癌高发地区之一,肝癌死亡率占全自治区恶性肿瘤死亡率的40％以上。广西医学院外科从1958～1983年共剖腹探查病现确诊为肝癌者601例,能手术切除者243例。其中男200例,女43例,年龄9个月～82岁。按1977年全国肝癌协作组会议制定的标准,单纯型Ⅰ期4例、Ⅱ期162例、Ⅲ期25例,硬化刑Ⅱ期41例、Ⅲ期2例,炎症型Ⅱ期8例、Ⅲ期1例。手术切除率为40.4％(243/601),术后并发症发生率为15.2％(37/243),手术死亡率为8.6％(21/243),手术后随访率为96.8％,术后1、3、5、10年生存率分别为57.2％,30.5％,25.1％、14.7％。文章并就肝癌的早期诊断进行讨论,作者并结合临床实践体会,对肝癌术前、后用化疗配合手术,手术的适应症、手术的切口、手术切除的方法和肝钳切肝等问题提出自己的见解。     

宫颈癌术前介入治疗57例

目的：探讨子宫颈癌术前骼内动脉灌注化疗疗效及其临床意义。方法：宫颈癌57例中Ⅰ期巨块型11例，Ⅱa期8例，Ⅱb期29例，Ⅲ期5例，Ⅳ期4例，术前均行2疗程介入化疗。化疗方案：顺铂100mg，阿霉素50mg。结果：近期有效率为85．9％，其中Ⅰb期2例，Ⅱa期1例，经2次介入治疗后属病理完全缓解，同时经介入治疗后提高了Ⅱb、Ⅲ期手术率，分别为78．1％和40．0％。其中Ⅱb期29例经介入治疗后23例手术，术后病理证实，宫旁浸润1例，盆腔淋巴结转移6例，脉管癌栓1例，手术彻底性也较高。结论：宫颈癌术前介入治疗使病灶缩小，提高了Ⅱb、Ⅲ期手术切除率。Ⅱb期手术也较彻底。     

原发性支气管肺癌的外科治疗

目的　了解原发性肺癌的临床特点及外科治疗效果。方法　对 1987年 4月至 2 0 0 2年 6月 180 2例肺癌住院病例进行回顾性分析 ,并对其中 132 5例手术患者进行随访 ,统计 1987年 4月至 1997年 12月间接受肿瘤切除的6 39例患者的 5年生存率。结果　肺癌患者中 ,男性 14 6 8例 ( 81 5 % ) ,女性 334例 ( 18 5 % ) ,平均年龄 ( 5 5 0 0±10 6 6 )岁。鳞癌占 5 0 7% ,腺癌占 38 5 % ,其它占 10 8%。术后总的 5年生存率为 2 9 4 % ,其中Ⅰa、Ⅰb、Ⅱa、Ⅱb、Ⅲa、Ⅲb、Ⅳ期患者的 5年生存率分别为 75 0 %、 5 1 1%、 33 3%、 2 8 0 %、 16 7% ,7 3% ,0 %。Ⅰa与Ⅰb期、Ⅱb与Ⅲa期、Ⅲa与Ⅲb期患者的 5年生存率有显著性差异。全肺切除的 5年生存率 ( 19 4 % )远远低于肺叶切除 ( 33 3% ) ,P <0 0 5。 5 0例支气管切缘癌残留患者的 5年生存率 ( 12 0 % )远远低于切缘无癌残留者 ( 30 9% ) ,P <0 0 5。结论　TNM分期、手术方式、支气管切缘是否有癌组织残留是影响术后生存率的重要因素。     

胃癌根治术后腹腔乳糜漏的诊治（附5例临床分析）

1 临床资料 1.1 一般资料本组5例患者,男性3例,女性2例,年龄45～73岁,平均59岁,手术方式为胃癌根治术,全胃切除3例,远端胃切除2例,D2或者D2+淋巴结清扫.病理诊断均证实为胃癌,其中低分化腺癌1例,粘膜腺癌2例,高分化腺癌2例,分期为Ⅱ期(T2N1M0)2例,Ⅲa期(T3N1M0)1例,Ⅲb期(T3N2M0)2例,No.12b、12p、16a2、16b1 淋巴结未发现淋巴结转移.     

股骨头缺血性坏死的Trapdoor手术治疗（附10例长期随访报告）

目的报道Trapdoor手术治疗成人非创伤性股骨头坏死的长期效果。方法非创伤性股骨头坏死10例,平均年龄39岁,Ficat分期Ⅱ～Ⅲ期。其中Ⅱa3例,Ⅱb5例,Ⅲ期2例。采用经股骨头负重区开瓣死骨清除,取髂骨植骨术。结果随访时间4～7年,平均随访时间5.3年。根据Harris临床评分,Ⅱb期以前有7例效果满意,1例于术后3年行人工关节置换,Ⅲ期以后的2例于术后3～5年行人工关节置换。优良率达70%。结论该手术对于非创伤性股骨头坏死病人可以有效的延缓人工关节置换的时间。     

高龄患者非小细胞肺癌外科治疗98例分析

目的探讨高龄患者(70岁以上)非小细胞肺癌的手术适应证、肺功能保护、围手术期处理等。方法回顾分析2002年1月至2012年1月10年间在心胸外科接受外科治疗的98例70岁以上非小细胞肺癌患者的临床资料,对手术方法、病理结果、术后生存率、并发症发生率及围手术期死亡率进行统计和分析。结果手术方法:肺叶切除78例,全肺叶切除10例,肺叶支气管袖状切除4例,楔形肺叶切除3例,剖胸探查3例。病理类型:鳞状上皮细胞癌45例,腺癌35例,腺鳞癌9例,支气管肺泡细胞癌6例,大细胞癌3例。TNM分期:Ⅰa期15例,Ⅰb期30例,Ⅱa期17例,Ⅱb期23例,Ⅲa期13例。术后生存率:1年生存率为90.8%,3年生存率为51.02%、5年生存率为30.8%。并发症发生率为20.4%,围手术期死亡率为3.06%。结论高龄患者(70岁以上)非小细胞肺癌的侵袭性与转移均较缓慢,在严格选择适应证和周密的围手术期处理前提下,辅以适宜的综合治疗患者可获得较好的远期效果。     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

The clinicopathological and immuohistochemical analysis of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas： report of 9 cases

Objective：To investigate the clinical features, pathological characteristics and immunophenotype of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas（SPTP）. Methods：Nine surgically treated cases of SPTP were retrospectively reviewed. Hematoxylin and Eosin（HE） staining and immunohistochemical staining were used to analyze all cases, and the general clinical data was collected. Results：Six patients were asymptomatic except for a palpable mass. Two patients complained of vague-epigastric pain. One patient appeared jaundice. The tumor was encapsulated and solid tissues alternately with cystic tissues. Histologically, the histological structure of solid portion was pseudopapillary with a fibrovascular core. Tumor cells were uniform and medium-sized which were arranged in sheets ets or nests or pseudopapillary patterns. Immunohistochemical studies demonstrated that SPTP proved positive in vimentin（9/9 cases）, AAT（9/9 cases）, NSE（9/9 cases）, ACT（7/9 cases）, CK20（2/9 cases）, CgA（1/9 cases）, S-100（3/gcases）, PR（4/gcases）, Syn（3/9 cases） and CD56（5/9cases）, negative in CEA and ER. Conclusion：SPTP is a tumor predominantly occurring in young women frequently without special symptoms. This tumor has various characteristical histological patterns with different immunophenotype.     

Scientific principles and rigorous processes should be followed in developing clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine

A clinical guideline for the therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine may be defined as a written document which states a series of recommendations on therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine for a special disease or condition. The guideline may provide assistance to medical professionals in making clinical decisions aimed at improving the clinical outcome of patients and reducing the costs of medical care（~＇4~. Recommendations issued by a guideline should be based on the best available evidence in both Western and Chinese medicine. For fulfilling this purpose, the development of clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions in the field of integrative medicine should follow scientific principles and undergo a rigorous processes.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.