应用重组致密颗粒抗原6检测诊断弓形虫病的研究

目的以纯化的重组致密颗粒抗原6作为检测抗原,建立检测弓形虫IgM和IgG抗体的ELISA新方法,为临床治疗提供参考依据。方法 2007年1月-2011年12月对59份弓形虫阳性血清标本进行检测,并与进口弓形虫ELISA-IgM和IgG试剂盒进行比较,数据采用SPSS 13.0软件进行统计分析。结果 ELISA法优化检测条件为包被抗原浓度为40μg/ml;敏感度比较表明血清稀释度在1∶10~1∶80为优;特异性试验表明IgM阳性的抑制率为97.36%、IgG阳性的抑制率为97.98%;用rGRA6-IgM-ELISA对混合弓形虫IgM阳性和阴性血清的精密度检测表明,IgM阳性的变异系数(CV值)为2.76%,IgM阴性混合血清的CV值为0.45%;用rGRA6-IgG-ELISA对混合弓形虫IgG阳性和阴性血清的精密度检测表明,IgG阳性的变异系数(CV值)为2.89%,IgG阴性混合血清的CV值为1.65%;rGRA6-IgM-ELISA与进口试剂盒的总符合率为91.01%,rGRA6-IgG-ELISA与进口试剂盒的总符合率为94.59%。结论重组抗原rGRA6能被弓形虫感染患者血清IgM和IgG抗体所识别,用重组抗原rGRA6构建的试剂盒诊断弓形虫病具有较高的特异性、敏感性。     

贵州省育龄妇女弓形虫感染状况和基因分型

目的了解贵州省育龄妇女弓形虫感染状况并鉴定弓形虫基因型,为贵州省育龄妇女弓形虫感染的防治提供依据。方法采用酶联免疫吸附试验检测729例育龄妇女外周血标本弓形虫循环抗原(CAg)、抗弓形虫抗体IgG、IgM,利用聚合酶链反应扩增弓形虫特异性基因片段(529 bp高重复序列)进行核酸检测,阳性标本则用多重巢式—聚合酶链式反应-限制性片段长度多态性分析方法对弓形虫进行基因分型。结果 479例孕妇外周血血浆中CAg、IgG和IgM阳性率分别为0.63%、7.10%和0.84%,总阳性率为8.56%。其中正常妊娠组样本弓形虫CAg、IgG和IgM阳性率分别为0.56%、4.47%和0.56%,有异常妊娠史组样本弓形虫CAg、IgG和IgM阳性率分别为0.83%、14.87%和1.65%,健康对照组中样本IgG阳性率为4.00%,未发现弓形虫CAg及IgM抗体。正常妊娠组1例、异常妊娠史组2例标本弓形虫核酸检测呈阳性,弓形虫基因分型为非典型虫株,即Chinese 1型(Toxo DB#9)。结论有异常妊娠史的孕妇弓形虫感染率明显高于正常妊娠孕妇及健康人群,提示异常妊娠与弓形虫感染密切相关,Chinese 1型弓形虫虫株可能是贵州育龄妇女人群中感染流行的优势虫株。     

弓形体IgG抗体亲和力指数在胎儿宫内感染中的临床意义

【目的】探讨弓形体（toxoplasma，TOX）IgG抗体亲和力指数，判断弓形体感染孕妇宫内感染的概率。【方法】ELISA法检测中晚期孕妇弓形体特异性抗体IgM和IgG，并对150例TOX—IgM或TOX—IgG阳性孕妇的胎儿或新生儿脐血进行TOX—IgM检测；采用尿素变性试验检测弓形体感染孕妇TOX-IgG抗体亲和力指数（avidityindex，AI）。【结果】孕妇弓形体IgM抗体阳性和IgG抗体阴性58例；弓形体IgM和IgG抗体阳性22例；弓形体IgM抗体阴性和IgG抗体阳性70例。胎儿或新生儿IgM阳性44例。原发性感染宫内感染率高于继发性感染（P〈0．05），活动性感染宫内感染率高于非活动性（P〈0．01），AI≤30％宫内感染率高于AI〉30％（P〈0．01）。【结论]IgG抗体亲和力指数AI≤30％结合IgM阳性有助于提高判断弓形体宫内感染的发生率。     

2719例孕前妇女弓形虫抗体检测结果分析

目的了解弓形虫抗体检测在孕前优生健康检查中的意义,降低出生缺陷发生风险。方法按照国家《开展免费孕前优生健康检查工作技术规范》要求,采用酶联免疫法测定血清中弓形虫IgG、IgM抗体。以2012年孕前优生检测的育龄女性2 719例作为研究对象,由县孕前优生健康检查信息员将汇总表进行统计分析。结果博爱县10个乡镇共有2 719例已婚待孕妇女接受弓形虫抗体检查,阳性率5.41%。IgG抗体阳性最高为月山镇8.21%(标准化率),最低为寨豁乡0.92%(标准化率)。结论 2012年博爱县检测的2 719例已婚待孕妇女血清弓形虫抗体5.41%,与全国弓形虫感染率4.0%~9.0%一致。应提高待孕夫妇对弓形虫抗体检测意义和弓形虫感染危害性认识,对弓形虫IgM阳性者要积极治疗,复查阴性再怀孕。     

IgG抗体亲和力指数在HCMV宫内感染中的临床评估

【目的】用孕妇外周血人巨细胞病毒(human cytomegalovirus,HCMV)IgG抗体亲和力指数(avidity in-dex,AI)判断HCMV宫内感染的发生概率。【方法】ELISA法检测中晚期孕妇HCMV特异性抗体IgM和IgG,并对463例HCMV-IgM或HCMV-IgG阳性孕妇的胎儿或新生儿脐血进行HCMV-IgM检测;采用尿素变性试验检测孕妇IgG抗体亲和力指数。【结果】孕妇HCMV-IgM抗体阳性和IgG抗体阴性132例;HCMV-IgM和IgG抗体均阳性145例;HCMV-IgM抗体阴性和IgG抗体阳性186例。胎儿或新生儿HCMV-IgM阳性80例。原发性感染宫内感染率高于继发性感染(P<0.01),活动性感染宫内感染率高于非活动性(P<0.01),AI<30%宫内感染率高于AI 30%~50%(P<0.01)及AI>50%(P<0.01)。【结论】IgG抗体亲和力指数AI<30%结合IgM阳性有助于提高判断HCMV宫内感染的发生率。     

少数民族地区孕妇弓形虫感染免疫学检测研究

目的:调查少数民族地区弓形虫感染状况及其对胎儿的影响。方法:用酶联免疫吸附法(ELISA)检测孕妇血清弓形虫循环抗原(CAg)、IgM及IgG抗体水平。结果:86例病理妊娠的孕产妇中,3项指标阳性40例,阳性率为46.5%,血清中CAg阳性7例,阳性率为8.13%;IgM阳性12例,阳性率为13.95%;IgG阳性21例,阳性率为24.41%。结论:弓形虫感染对胎儿有较大危害,是引起胎儿流产、死胎及畸形的主要原因之一。少数民族地区不同民族孕产妇弓形虫感染率比较差异无统计学意义,孕产妇弓形虫感染率与猫、犬接触史明显相关。基层地区加大孕妇弓形虫感染检测对民族优生优育有较大帮助。     

戊肝IgG抗体检测在从业人员体检中的运用价值

目的:评价戊肝IgG抗体在从业人员体检中的运用价值。方法:用戊肝IgG抗体ELISA试剂盒作为诊断方法,检测2011年我实验室检测出的戊肝IgM抗体阳性标本100份,戊肝IgM抗体可疑标本54份进行了检测分析。结果:戊肝IgM抗体阳性标本100份,其IgG抗体检测均为阳性;可疑标本54份中检出53份IgG抗体阳性,一份阴性。结论:戊肝IgG抗体检测对用于临床戊型肝炎感染早期、中期及恢复期的诊断和流行病学调查有很好的应用价值。     

杭州地区3621例育龄妇女TORCH感染现状分析

目的对杭州地区育龄期妇女TORCH筛查结果进行分析,为预防TORCH感染和做好优生优育工作提供临床指导。方法选取2017年1月-2018年1月在杭州师范大学附属医院进行孕前筛查和孕期普查的育龄妇女共3621例,应用化学免疫法测定血清中弓形虫IgG抗体(TOX-IgG)、弓形虫IgM抗体(TOX-IgM),风疹IgG抗体(RUV-IgG)、风疹IgM抗体(RUV-IgM),巨细胞IgG抗体(CMV-IgG)和巨细胞IgM抗体(CMV-IgM)。结果在IgM中CMV-IgM阳性率最高,为1.13%;TOX-IgM和RUV-IgM阳性率分别为0.08%和0.69%;TOX-IgG、RUV-IgG和CMV-IgG阳性率分别为2.04%、45.90%和91.49%。在育龄人群各年龄组间,20岁~29岁低龄产妇RUV-IgM、RUV-IgG、CMV-IgM和CMV-IgG阳性率最高。结论杭州市育龄妇女人群中存在一定比例的TORCH现状感染及较高CMV-IgM、CMV-IgG阳性率,建议育龄妇女孕前进行TORCH筛查。     

眉山东坡区农村已婚妇女血清弓形虫抗体检测结果分析

目的 通过对2011-03/2012-03来东坡区计划生育服务站孕前优生健康检查的2 156例农村已婚育龄妇女的检查,以了解本地区弓形虫感染情况.方法 用ELISA法检测血清中IgG,IgM抗体.结果 IgG抗体阳性332例(15.4％)；体阳性35例(1.6％),IG、IgM两者均为阳性15例(0.7％).抗弓形虫IgM抗体阳性提示近期感染,抗弓形虫IgG抗体阳性提示有弓形虫既往感染.结论 在本地区农村妇女中有部分人存在弓形虫感染,在孕前开展弓形虫抗体检测可对她们感染状况进行评估,在孕前进行健康教育,近期有感染及时治疗.在孕期定期监测,减少出生缺陷风险方面有重要意义.     

妊娠期妇女弓形虫感染现状及妊娠结局分析

目的:对本地区妊娠期妇女弓形虫感染进行调查,分析影响因素及妊娠结局。方法:研究对象均为慈溪地区主要医院门诊2015年2月-2019年6月接受弓形虫抗体检测的妊娠期妇女4825例,抗体检测阳性为阳性组,从阴性中随机选取440例作为阴性组。对两组孕妇感染情况、危险因素、妊娠结局进行分析。结果:弓形虫抗体阳性率为7.1%(344例),其中抗弓形虫IgG抗体阳性占77.3%(266例),抗弓形虫IgM抗体阳性占比22.7%(78例)。阳性组孕妇不良妊娠结局发生率(21.5%)高于阴性组(2.7%)(P0.05)。经单因素及多因素logistic回归分析表明,动物密切接触史、生肉饮食习惯、火锅/烧烤饮食习惯、工作需要品尝生肉等是妊娠期妇女弓形虫感染的危险因素(P0.05)。结论:妊娠期妇女弓形虫感染可增加自然流产、死胎/早产、出生缺陷等不良妊娠结局。妊娠期妇女应减少与饲养动物的密切接触,养成良好饮食卫生习惯以及勤洗手消毒的工作习惯,同时加强健康教育并在孕期定期弓形虫感染免疫学筛查。     

Trends in meningococcal disease in Italy in 1988

Meningococcal disease in Italy decreased 15% in 1988 from the previous year (290 vs. 342 cases). The decline was particularly evident in military cases (1.7/100,000 in 1988 vs. 5/100,000 in 1987) reflecting the full coverage of bivalent serogroup (A + C) meningococcal polysaccaride vaccine in army recruits, achieved since January 1988. The highest proportion of cases was seen in people older than 25 years of age (25%). Serogroup C constituted 60% of the isolates, while 19% belonged to serogroup B. The proportion of strains resistant to sulphonamides was 45%, while 15% were resistant to Minocycline and none to Rifampin. Out of the five military cases, only one (due to serogroup C) was attributable to the vaccine failure. A single coprimary case, but no secondary cases occurred among civilians. These findings are consistent with the trends reported in Italy in the previous years.     

Benzene in blood and phenol in urine in monitoring benzene exposure in industry

Determinations of benzene concentration in blood and of phenol in urine were made by head-space gas chromatography techniques on samples taken near the end of the work day from two groups of workers potentially exposed to low levels of benzene in the work-place atmosphere. Preliminary results suggest that benzene in blood is more reliable than phenol tests for assessing both exposure and uptake of benzene. Normal values of phenol in urine (10 mg/liter or less) were found in nearly all those cases in which benzene was detected in the blood.     

2015年郑州市饮用水放射性水平状况调查

目的了解郑州市不同地区、不同季节、不同水源类型的放射性水平。方法分别于丰水期和枯水期采集郑州市区黄河水源水、井水源水、丹江口水源水、出厂水和末梢水各一份;以县为单位,每单位采集出厂水、末梢水、水库水、河水、井水各1份,按《生活饮用水生活标准检验方法》(GB/T 5750.13-2006)检测饮用水中总α和总β放射性水平,依据《生活饮用水卫生标准》(GB 5749-2006)进行判定。结果丰水期、枯水期水体总α、总β放射性水平均低于国家标准限值。结论郑州市不同水源类型均处于正常的天然放射性本底水平。     

Occupational stress in nurses in psychiatric institutions in Taiwan

Nurses are known to be exposed to occupational stress. However, occupational stress is not well documented for nurses in psychiatric institutions in Taiwan. A cross-sectional study was conducted to explore the work-related stress and risk factors of nurses in psychiatric institutions in Taiwan. A structured questionnaire was distributed to nurses at five state-owned psychiatric hospitals in Taiwan in 2001. Demographic information, working environment, and personal health status were inquired. Occupational stress was assessed based on the Chinese version of Job Content Questionnaire (JCQ). General health status and mental health were evaluated by the International Quality of Life Assessment Short Form-36 (IQOLA SF-36). A total of 573 questionnaires were disseminated to nurses and 518 (90.4%) were satisfactorily completed by nurses, including 408 female full-time nurses who had been in their current work for more than 6 months. In the past one month, 17.2% of nurses reported being under significant stress often or always. Assault episodes were reported by 45.1% of nurses in the past 6 months. Among the nurses, 16.9%, 25.2%, 50.0%, and 7.8% belong to the "High strain", "Low strain", "Active", and "Passive" groups, respectively. Perceived occupational stress was associated with young age, widowed/divorced/separated marital status, high psychological demand, low workplace support, and threat of assault at work. Lower general health score was associated with low job control, high psychological demand, and perceived occupational stress. A lower mental health score was associated with low job control, high psychological demand, low workplace support, and perceived occupational stress. We concluded that nurses in psychiatric institutions are under significant stress related to work factors.     

Changes in nursing administration in supporting transplantation in Brazil

This historical and bibliographic study aimed to understand how Nursing was organized to support care in transplantation. The HISA, LILACS, BDENF, PERIENF and DEDALUS databases were consulted, and thirteen references were found, ten of which were scientific articles, two were master's dissertations and one was a doctoral thesis. The span of time chosen for study ranges from the date of the first kidney transplant in Brazil (1965), to the date of publication of the last scientific article found in the databases mentioned above (2003). After reading these articles, the ones that were similar in topic were grouped together, thus creating the thematic axis for the presentation of the results. The results showed that the Nursing profession has played an important and active role in transplants ever since the first procedure in 1965.     

2019年中国肿瘤流行病学研究进展

恶性肿瘤已成为中国居民的主要死因之一。近些年来,中国政府积极推进肿瘤预防和控制领域的研究工作,取得了很大的进步。本文简要汇总中国在肿瘤流行病学领域的研究进展,具体包括2019年的肿瘤负担、癌症危险因素及其干预、筛查和早期发现、癌症防治专项行动(2019-2022年)方案等方面,以期为我国肿瘤防治工作的有效开展提供技术支撑和理论依据。     

2012年绵阳市蔬菜中农药残留状况

目的 了解绵阳市2012年市售蔬菜中农药残留情况,为食用蔬菜监管提供依据.方法 全部样品均按照GB/T 5009-2003的方法进行农药的残留检测.依据GB 2763-2005《食品中农药最大残留限量》进行判定.结果 2012年共检测蔬菜165份,农药检出率和超标率分别为72.12％和23.64％.豆类、根茎类、叶菜类、瓜果菜类和食用菌类蔬菜检测农药残留超标率分别为8.00％、23.53％、36.00％、5.26％和27.03％,差异有统计学意义(x2=11.41,P＜0.01).不同种类农药超标率差异有统计学意义(x2 =62.42,P＜0.01).夏季和冬季蔬菜农药超标率差异无统计学意义(x2=3.44,P＞0.05).结论 绵阳市叶菜类蔬菜中农药残留情况较为严重,应采取有效措施,加强蔬菜的监督管理,从源头禁止高毒农药的使用,加大蔬菜种植、销售环节的监测,确保市民食用蔬菜的安全.