应用腹腔镜治疗低位直肠癌的研究

目的 探讨腹腔镜下全直肠系膜切除(TME)治疗低位直肠癌的临床应用价值.方法 回顾性分析我院2007年5月至20Dg年3月期间32例行腹腔镜低位直肠癌手术患者的临床资料.结果 32例手术均成功,无中转开腹,平均手术时间150 min(100～270 min),术中平均失血80 ml(10～210 ml),术后平均住院时间7 d,排尿困难1例,术后随访9～21个月(平均14个月),随访率100%,无其他并发症和肿瘤复发表现.结论 腹腔镜辅助下THE治疗低位直肠癌安全、可行,且创伤小,,疼痛轻,恢复快,掌握手术适应证及良好的腹腔镜手术技术和开腹直肠手术经验是手术成功的保证.     

腹腔镜经肛拖出直肠癌根治术超低位保肛65例回顾分析

目的 探讨腹腔镜下经肛拖出直肠癌根治术超低位保肛的可行性、安全性、根治性及短期临床疗效.方法 回顾该院运用腹腔镜经肛拖出直肠癌根治术行超低位保肛的65例直肠癌患者资料,分析术中、术后及预后各项指标.结果 65例患者手术均获成功.平均手术时间(138±71.6)min,出血量(107.5±86.5)mL,平均淋巴结清除数(11.0±4.3)个,术后肠道功能恢复时间(2.3±0.6)d,止痛药物使用时间(1.8±0.7)d,住院时间(12.3±2.4)d,吻合口漏6例,吻合口出血2例,吻合口狭窄2例;术后随访中位数33个月(24～46个月),复发4例,转移6例,总生存率84.6%(55/65),目前未发现有穿刺孔转移及大便失禁.结论 该手术方式符合肿瘤学根治性原则,安全可行,更微创,术后恢复快,适合用于超低位直肠癌保肛.     

腹腔镜中低位直肠癌TME手术72例报告

目的 探讨腹腔镜中低位直肠癌TME手术的可行性.方法 回顾总结2004年10月～2006年10月用腹腔镜中低位直肠癌TME手术72例的临床资料.结果 72例均在腹腔镜下顺利完成手术,无中转及手术死亡病例.手术平均时间157min,术中平均失血8ml,术后胃肠功能平均恢复时间为2.1d.手术切除淋巴结平均为18个;随访6～30个月未见切口种植及吻合口复发.结论 腹腔镜中低位直肠癌TME手术具有创伤小,术后恢复快等优点,可以取得比开腹手术更好的根治效果.     

腹腔镜Dixon手术8例报告

目的:探讨腹腔镜直肠前切除术(Dixon)治疗中低位直肠癌的可行性、手术方式及其应用价值.方法:对8例中-低位直肠癌患者经腹腔镜Dixon术的临床资料进行回顾性分析.结果:8例患者均成功完成手术,其中5例行双吻合器吻合,3例行经肛门脱出吻合.手术时间160～280 min,平均210 min,术中出血20～80 ml.平均出血量50 ml.术后胃肠功能恢复时间24～72 h,无手术死亡、输尿管损伤、骶前出血、吻合口瘘、切口感染等并发症.术后住院(不包括化疗时间)6～14 d,平均9 d.患者术后随访至今3～16个月,无复发转移情况.结论:腹腔镜直肠前切除术治疗中低位直肠癌安全有效,应依据患者病情选择合适的手术方式.     

低位直肠癌行腹腔镜会阴直肠切除术的应用

目的 探讨经腹腔镜会阴直肠切除术(laparoscopic rectoperineal resection, LAPR)治疗低位直肠癌的可行性.方法 对42例直肠癌患者经腹腔镜实施LAPR的临床资料进行回顾分析.结果 42例患者手术顺利.手术时间2～ 4.5 h,平均3.5 h;术中出血20～60 ml,平均40 ml;术后1～2 d恢复胃肠功能并下床活动;住院6～14 d,平均8 d.术后随访时间1～4年,术后因肝转移死亡1例,失访2例,有10例术后不足1年的患者,未发现转移及复发.结论 全直肠系膜切除 (total mesorectal excision, TME)是直肠癌根治切除术必须遵循的原则,经LAPR治疗低位直肠癌安全可行,且创伤小、术后疼痛轻、恢复快.     

腹腔镜中低位直肠癌TME手术92例分析

目的 探讨腹腔镜中低位直肠癌TME手术的可行性.方法 回顾性分析2005年1月至2008年12月本科采用腹腔镜行中低位直肠癌TME手术92例的临床资料.结果 88例在腹腔镜下顺利完成手术,中转4例,无手术死亡病例.手术平均时间135 min,术中平均失血量98 mL,术后胃肠功能平均恢复时间为2.1 d.手术切除淋巴结平均为18.5个;随访10～47个月未见切口种植及吻合口复发.结论 腹腔镜中低位直肠癌TME手术具有创伤小、术后恢复快等优点,可以取得比开腹手术更好的根治效果.     

腹腔镜技术和改良Parks手术在低位直肠癌保肛术中的应用

目的 探讨应用腹腔镜技术和改良Parks手术治疗低位直肠癌的安全性及有效性.方法 回顾分析2007-05～2010-02我院应用腹腔镜技术和改良Parks手术治疗低位直肠癌16例患者的临床资料.结果 16例手术均顺利完成,手术时间（161.2±55.4）min,术中出血量（144.7±94.5）ml,术后肛门排气时间（3.2±0.8）d,术后腹腔引流量（190.2±67.3）ml.术后出现吻合口瘘1例,经保守治疗好转,无输尿管损伤、排尿障碍及大便失禁等并发症.术后随访14例,时间为1～31个月,中位随访时间为14个月 失访2例.手术后大便次数增加7例,均在1年左右恢复至近正常状态.1例C期患者于术后9个月结肠镜检发现局部复发需行第二次手术,其他病例未发现复发、转移.结论 短期结果提示应用腹腔镜技术和改良Parks手术治疗低位直肠癌是安全、有效的.     

18例低位直肠癌腹腔镜经腹直肠癌切除的临床体会

目的探讨低位直肠癌腹腔镜经腹直肠癌切除及肛门外翻切除吻合治疗与疗效。方法对18例低位直肠癌患者行腹腔镜经腹直肠癌切除（A组）,常规放置肛管和经腹腔放置盆底引流管,与同期35例低位直肠癌患者行经腹直肠癌切除（B组）对比分析。结果A组手术时间平均150（120～260）min,术后1～2d胃肠道功能恢复并下床活动,术后住院时间平均8．4（7～11）d;B组手术时间平均130（100～240）min,术后3～4d胃肠道功能恢复并下床活动,术后住院时间平均11．3（9～15）d。两组均无吻合口瘘,A组2例患者术后出现尿潴留,1例患者术后同时出现尿潴留并反复里急后重肛门刺痛感,经治疗后痊愈。A、B两组病人全部痊愈出院。结论低位直肠癌腹腔镜经腹直肠癌切除及肛门外翻切除吻合术安全可行,且创伤小,疼痛轻,恢复快。术中不在腹腔断肠,减少了腹腔污染及肿瘤种植转移危险,而且肛门外翻切除吻合不在腹腔内进行肠吻合大大降低费用。     

经腹腔镜全直肠系膜切除术治疗低位直肠癌临床分析

目的探讨经腹腔镜全直肠系膜切除术治疗低位直肠癌临床疗效。方法选取该院收治的低位直肠癌患者75例,行腹腔镜全直肠系膜切除术治疗。结果手术时间为110~240min,平均165min;术中出血量为40~140mL,平均70mL;全直肠系膜完整切除。术后2~3d肠胃功能可恢复,并可以下床活动,住院时间为7~32d,平均12d,术后病理检查切缘癌细胞未见残留。随访12~60个月,随访率88.0%(66/75),2年内复发2例,死亡4例。结论腹腔镜下全直肠系膜切除术治疗低位直肠癌患者安全可行,远期疗效确切。     

33例腹腔镜超低位直肠癌根治保肛术疗效分析

目的:分析腹腔镜超低位直肠癌根治保肛手术的疗效,以探讨腹腔镜及相关技术在超低位直肠癌根治保肛术中应用的可行性?方法:对2005年6月至2010年12月在江苏省苏北人民医院胃肠外科施行腹腔镜直肠癌前切除术中的33例超低位直肠癌患者的临床资料进行回顾性分析?结果:本研究33例患者均顺利完成手术,无中转开腹者,无手术死亡者?平均手术时间(137 ± 43)min,平均手术切除淋巴结(5~25)枚,术中冷冻切片显示远切缘均为阴性,术后患者平均住院(9~25)d?术后发生吻合口漏3例,吻合口出血1例,肠梗阻1例?随访时间平均(23 ± 17)个月,随访中新发现局部复发4例,远处转移4例,术后切除肿瘤种植1例,术后患者死亡7例,3年总生存率为84.4%?结论:腹腔镜超低位直肠癌根治保肛手术安全可行,可达到与传统开腹手术相同的目的和效果,并可能取得更加良好的安全性?     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.     

Scientific principles and rigorous processes should be followed in developing clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine

A clinical guideline for the therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine may be defined as a written document which states a series of recommendations on therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine for a special disease or condition. The guideline may provide assistance to medical professionals in making clinical decisions aimed at improving the clinical outcome of patients and reducing the costs of medical care（~＇4~. Recommendations issued by a guideline should be based on the best available evidence in both Western and Chinese medicine. For fulfilling this purpose, the development of clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions in the field of integrative medicine should follow scientific principles and undergo a rigorous processes.