CK5/6在乳腺癌组织中的表达与临床病理特征相关性

目的:探讨肿瘤组织中CK5/6的分布特点及其与乳腺癌的组织学分级、肿瘤大小、腋窝淋巴结转移、雌孕激素受体的关系,为乳腺癌的临床诊断、指导临床治疗及预后提供重要依据.方法:病理取材及苏木精伊红(HE)染色;利用免疫组化法检测175例浸润性乳腺癌组织CK5/6的表达情况.结果:①175例乳腺癌组织中CK5/6(+)表达为17.7％,CK5/6(-)表达为82.3％.②CK5/6的表达与患者是否绝经、肿瘤的大小、组织学分级和淋巴结转移与否之间无统计学意义(P＞0.05);但在淋巴结转移的患者中淋巴结转移＜4枚与淋巴结≥4枚的患者间比较,CK5/6的表达具有统计学意义(P＜0.05).③CK5/6的表达与ER、PR结果之间比较,具有统计学意义(P＜0.01),在ER( -)、PR(-)的患者中,CK5/6的表达阳性率高;患者的HER2(-)与HER2(+)、HER2(++)以及HER2(+)与HER2(++)、HER2(+++)之间比较,无统计学意义(P＞0.05),但HER2(-)与HER2(+++),HER2(++)与HER2(+++)之间比较,差异具有统计学意义(P＜0.05).④CK5/6在26例ER、PR和HER2阴性乳腺癌(三阴性乳腺癌)的表达率为65.2％,在136例非三阴性乳腺癌的表达率为11.2％,两者之间差异具有明显统计学意义(P＜0.01).结论:①CK5/6在乳腺癌中的表达与患者月经状态、肿瘤大小、组织学分级和淋巴结累及情况均无明确关联性.②CK5/6在ER、PR阴性乳腺癌患者中的表达明显增高.CK5/6在HER2强阳性乳腺癌患者中的表达明显高于HER2阴性患者,可能与乳腺癌侵袭、转移和预后存在关联性.③CK5/6的表达与乳腺癌腋窝淋巴结累及情况无关,但随着淋巴结转移数量的增加,其阳性表达率明显增高.④CK5/6在三阴性乳腺癌中的阳性表达率明显高于非三阴性乳腺癌,可以较准确地进行分子分型,更好地指导临床治疗及预测患者的预后.     

ER、PR、HER2在乳腺癌中的表达及意义

目的探讨雌激素受体(ER)、孕激素受体(PR)以及人类表皮生长因子受体2(HER2)在乳腺癌中的表达和意义。方法选择2009年1月~2012年1月我院收治的506例乳腺癌患者进行研究,采用免疫组化法检查患者ER、PR、HER2表达水平。结果 HER2阳性率为41.1%,腋窝淋巴结转移患者HER2阳性率(79.8%)显著高于无淋巴结转移患者(20.1%),差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。PR阳性率为41.9%,腋窝淋巴结转移患者PR阳性率(31.5%)显著低于无淋巴结转移患者(47.6%),差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。ER阳性率为39.5%,腋窝淋巴结转移患者ER阳性率(29.2%)显著低于无淋巴结转移患者(45.1%),差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。HER2表达与ER、PR表达呈显著负相关(P0.05)。腋窝淋巴结转移患者不良预后率(25.8%)显著高于无腋窝淋巴结转移患者(9.8%),差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。HER2阳性组不良预后率(19.2%)显著高于HER2阴性组(8.1%),差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论 ER、PR、HER2表达与乳腺癌疾病的发生发展关系密切,可将其作为疾病预后与用药选择的重要依据。     

乳腺癌ER、PR、HER2表达与FEC新辅助化疗疗效的相关性研究

目的 探讨乳腺癌雌激素受体(ER)、孕激素受体(PR)、人类表皮生长因子受体2(HER2)表达与FEC(5-氟尿嘧啶、表柔比星、环磷酰胺)方案新辅助化疗疗效的相关性.方法 乳腺癌患者在接受FEC方案新辅助化疗前用免疫组织化学法检测乳腺癌组织中ER、PR和HER2的表达情况,新辅助化疗3周期结束后进行疗效评价,分析它们之间的相关性.结果 ER和PR阴性表达组47例,有效率(RR)为80.85%,其中病理完全缓解(pCR)率为23.40%.ER和(或)PR阳性表达组43例,RR为60.47%,其中pCR 率为6.98%.两组RR及pCR率比较,差异均有统计学意义(P＜0.05).HER2阳性表达组32例,RR为65.63%,其中pCR 率为12.50%.HER2阴性表达组58例,RR为74.14%,其中pCR 率为17.24%.两组RR及pCR率比较,差异均无统计学意义(P＞0.05).结论 ER、PR双阴性者可能较单阳性或双阳性者对FEC方案化疗的敏感性更高.     

HER4在乳腺癌中的表达及临床意义

目的:探讨乳腺癌患者HER4与HER2?ER?PR之间的关系及其对乳腺癌预后的影响?方法:采用免疫组化SP法检测105例乳腺癌组织中HER4?HER2?ER?PR蛋白的表达?对患者随访,随访终点为无病生存时间(disease free survival,DFS)?结果:HER2?HER4?ER?PR在105例乳腺癌患者中的阳性表达率分别为:37.14%?20.00%?40.00%?28.27%;HER4与年龄?淋巴结转移?分期?肿瘤类型以及是否化疗的差异性均无统计学意义(P﹥0.05);HER4可刺激ER?PR产生(P = 0.030,P = 0.028);HER4阳性与阴性患者无病生存时间差异有统计学意义(P = 0.039);HER4(+)HER2(-)组乳腺癌患者较其他组无病生存时间明显延长(P = 0.000)?结论:HER4可作为独立的临床预后因子,HER4可延长乳腺癌患者无病生存时间并可刺激ER?PR的产生?     

CK5/6在乳腺癌组织中的表达及与骨转移的相关性

目的 探讨细胞角蛋白5/6抗体(CK5/6)在乳腺癌组织中的表达水平,并分析其与骨转移的相关性。方法 回顾性收集2017年1月至2018年12月在浙江省湖州市妇幼保健院确诊的75例乳腺癌患者的组织标本,通过免疫组化方法检测组织中CK5/6、雌激素受体(ER)、孕激素受体(PR)、表皮生长因子受体2(Her-2)及Ki-67的表达情况,并分析CK5/6表达与乳腺癌临床病理因素及预后的关系,采用Kaplan-Meier生存曲线分析CK5/6表达与乳腺癌骨转移的关系。结果 75例乳腺组织中CK5/6阳性26例(阳性组),阴性49例(阴性组);两组年龄、体质量指数(BMI)、肿瘤大小、N分期、细胞核分级及Her-2差异均无统计学意义(均P> 0.05),ER、PR及Ki-67差异均有统计学意义(均P<0.05);Kaplan-Meier生存分析显示相较于CK5/6阴性表达患者,CK5/6阳性表达的乳腺癌患者无骨转移累积生存率更低(P<0.05)。结论 CK5/6表达与乳腺癌的ER、PR及Ki-67表达有关,且很可能促进癌细胞发生骨转移,对乳腺癌发生骨转移的生存预后具有参考价值...     

基底细胞样乳癌临床病理分析

目的 探讨基底细胞样乳癌(BLBC)的临床病理特征、诊断标准及预后.方法 应用免疫组化方法筛选出121例BLBC, 检测其雌激素受体(ER)、孕激素受体(PR)、人表皮生长因子受体2(HER2)、雄激素受体(AR)、表皮生长因子受体(EGFR)和P钙黏蛋白(P-cadherin)的表达,观察和分析BLBC的临床病理组织学特点及预后相关因素.结果 121例BLBC 中,76例病人的年龄在50岁以上,75例肿瘤直径大于2 cm.肿瘤生长边界呈推挤样,瘤细胞异型性显著(WHOⅢ级86.78%),坏死及间质淋巴细胞反应多见,淋巴结转移率52.89%.AR、ER、PR、HER2的阴性表达率分别为71.07%、73.55%、76.03%和76.86%,而81.81%(99/121)病人P-cadherin阳性表达.结论 BLBC是一种不同于非特殊型浸润性导管癌的乳癌亚型,其特征性组织学形态及免疫组化结果提示BLBC病人的预后较差.     

雌激素孕激素受体和人类表皮生长因子受体2在乳腺癌组织中的表达

目的 探讨雌激素受体(ER)、孕激素受体(PR)及人类表皮生长因子受体2(HER2)在乳腺癌中的表达及其与年龄、肿瘤大小、临床分期和腋窝淋巴结转移等的相关性.方法 对中山大学附属第一医院在2001年1月-2007年12月新收治的910例可手术乳腺癌的ER、PR、HER2及各种临床指标进行回顾性分析.结果 在910例的乳腺癌中,浸润性导管癌占89.4%,浸润性小叶癌占1.7%,导管原位癌占5%,其他类型占4.9%;肿瘤卣径<2 cm占29.9%,在2～5 cm之间的占45.6%,5 cm的占24.5%;无淋巴结转移的占54.2%,3个及3个以下淋巴结转移的占25.5%,4个及4个以上淋巴结转移的占20.3%.ER表达阴件的占33.0%,PR表达阴性的为27.4%.HER2表达为+++的占20.1%.随着患者年龄的增长,其就诊时淋巴结癌转移率减小(P＜0.001),其他指标与年龄无明显相关性;肿瘤大小与淋巴结痛转移率呈正相关(P＜0.001),与ER及PR的表达呈负相关(P＜0.001),与HER2表达呈正相关(P=0.02);ER与PR表达呈正相关(P＜0.001);ER及PR与HER-2呈明显负相关(P＜0.001).在不同淋巴结转移状态的乳癌中,ER、PR及HER2的表达差异无统计学意义.结论 ER、PR可作为乳腺浸润性导管癌预后良好的重要指标与HER2的表达呈负相关,HER-2的表达与年龄及淋巴结转移状态无明显的相关关系,临床上能更早期发现ER及PR阳性或HER2阴性的肿瘤.     

NF-κBp65、COX-2、VEGF-C在乳腺癌中的表达及意义

目的 研究NF-κBp65、COX-2、VEGF-C在乳腺癌中的表达及其意义.方法 采用免疫组织化学EnVision 法检测法检测161例乳腺癌中NF-κBp65、COX-2及VEGF-C、ER\PR\HER2的表达.结果 161例乳腺癌中,ER阳性70例(43.5%),PR阳性,60例(37.9%),HER2过表达53例(32.9%),NF-κBp65阳性113例(70.2%),COX-2阳性55例(34.2%)VEGF-C阳性96例(59.6%).高表达NF-κBp65者有丝分裂活性高(P＝0.020),ER阴性乳腺癌常高表达VEGF-C(r=-0.184,P=0.020).NF- κBp65、COX-2及VEGF-C表达无相关性.结论 NF-κBp65、COX-2及VEGF-C在乳腺癌中的有较高的阳性率,可作为乳腺治疗的候选靶基因.     

ER、PR、CerbB-2蛋白在青年与中老年乳腺癌中的表达与预后意义

目的 探讨的ER、PR、C-erbB-2基因在青年与中老年乳腺癌中的表达与预后的意义.方法 应用免疫组化方法检测106例青年与185例中老年乳腺癌的ER、PR、C-erbB-2的表达情况.结果 青年组106例ER、PR及C-erbB-2阳性率分别为88(83.01%)、80(75.47%)、75(70.84%);中老年组185例ER、PR、C-erbB-2阳性率分别为152(82.11%)、141(76.35%)、109(67.98%).结论 ER、PR在青年与老年乳腺癌中的表达无显著性差异(P＞0.05);青年组C-erbB-2阳性表达率明显高于中老年组,有显著性差异(P＜0.05),且C-erbB-2的表达与乳腺癌的预后呈负相关(r=-0.1842),青年组的预后差于中老年组.提示ER、PR、C-erbB-2的检测对青年与中老年乳腺癌治疗方案的制定和预后估计有重要意义.     

乳腺癌蒽环类新辅助化疗疗效与ER、PR、HER2表达的关系

目的 探讨乳腺癌蒽环类新辅助化疗疗效与ER、PR、HER2表达的关系.方法 乳腺癌患者在接受蒽环类方案新辅助化疗前用免疫组化法检测乳腺癌组织中ER、PR和HER2的表达情况,新辅助化疗3周期结束后进行疗效评价,分析它们之间的关系.结果 ER和PR阴性表达组47例,有效率为80.85%;其中PCR率为23.40%.ER和(或)PR阳性表达组43例,有效率为60.47%;其中PCR为6.98%.两组有效率及PCR率比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05).HER2阳性表达组32例,有效率为65.63%;其中PCR率为12.50%.HER2阴性表达组58例,有效率为74.14%;其中PCR率为17.24%.两组有效率及PCR率比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05).结论 激素受体双阴者可能较单阳或双阳者对蒽环类方案化疗的敏感性更高.尤其是激素受体双阴者的PCR率明显高于单阳或双阳者.     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.     

Scientific principles and rigorous processes should be followed in developing clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine

A clinical guideline for the therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine may be defined as a written document which states a series of recommendations on therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine for a special disease or condition. The guideline may provide assistance to medical professionals in making clinical decisions aimed at improving the clinical outcome of patients and reducing the costs of medical care（~＇4~. Recommendations issued by a guideline should be based on the best available evidence in both Western and Chinese medicine. For fulfilling this purpose, the development of clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions in the field of integrative medicine should follow scientific principles and undergo a rigorous processes.