基层医院开展脾切除、联合断流术治疗门脉高压症的体会

目的观察脾切除、联合断流术治疗门脉高压症的效果。方法回顾性分析我院2009—2013年78例接受脾切除、联合断流术治疗门脉高压症患者的临床资料,对术后肝功能、食管胃底静脉曲张、腹水、上消化道再出血、血常规等情况进行分析。结果对肝硬化合并门脉高压症患者采取脾切除、联合断流术进行治疗,手术后患者门静脉压力明显降低、生活质量明显改善、再出血明显减少。结论肝硬化合并门脉高压症患者行脾切除、联合断流术疗效确切,值得推广。     

手术治疗肝硬化门脉高压症26例临床观察

目的 探讨贲门周围血管离断术在肝硬化门脉高压症患者中的疗效.方法 回顾性分析26例肝硬化门脉高压症的临床特点.结果 全组患者无手术死亡,术后14～24d出院.3例患者术后出现腹水,经治疗后消失.随访 15例,9例恢复正常劳动力,6例症状改善,1例因上消化道再出血内科保守治疗,无近期出血、腹腔感染、肝性脑病及顽固性腹水等并发症. 1个月后复查肝功能基本正常,上消化道钡餐造影显示食管静脉曲张消失.结论 断流术是门静脉高压症外科治疗的主要术式,对门脉高压症能取得良好的根治效果.     

门脉高压症断流术后再出血的硬化治疗

肝硬化门脉高压症致上消化道出血行断流术是目前主要的外科术式,止血成功率约90%[1].本院外科1995年至2008年共行该手术1200例,其中112例术后再次发生上消化道出血,占9.3%.112例出血患者中96例行硬化剂治疗,止血94例(97.9%),再出血15例(16.0%).现总结如下.     

门脉高压症并出血两种手术方法的临床分析

目的探讨减少门脉高压症并上消化道出血术后复发的方法。方法通过对2003年至2007年用门奇断流术和／或食管下段横断术治疗61例门脉高压症并上消化道出血患者的回顾性总结和随访,比较两种手术方式术后3年的再出血发生率、食管下段与胃底静脉曲张消失率和并发症治疗情况。结果用门奇断流术治疗41例,在随访的37例中再出血14例,再出血率为37．84％,静脉曲张消失8例,静脉曲张消失率为21．62％;用门奇断流联合食管下段横断术治疗20例,在随访的18例中,再出血1例,再出血率为5．56％,静脉曲张消失14例,静脉曲张消失率为77．78％。两组术后均无肝性脑病,联合组无吻合口瘘和吻合口出血。出血复发率和胃镜复查食管静脉曲张消失率比较,联合组明显优于门奇断流术组。结论门奇断流术联合食管下段横断术能减少门脉高压症并上消化道出血术后复发和吻合口瘘等风险。     

手术治疗肝硬化门脉高压症26例临床观察

目的探讨贲门周围血管离断术在肝硬化门脉高压症患者中的疗效。方法回顾性分析26例肝硬化门脉高压症的临床特点。结果全组患者无手术死亡,术后14～24d出院。3例患者术后出现腹水,经治疗后消失。随访15例,9例恢复正常劳动力,6例症状改善,1例因上消化道再出血内科保守治疗,无近期出血、腹腔感染、肝性脑病及顽固性腹水等并发症。1个月后复查肝功能基本正常,上消化道钡餐造影显示食管静脉曲张消失。结论断流术是门静脉高压症外科治疗的主要术式,对门脉高压症能取得良好的根治效果。     

门脉高压症断流术后上消化道再出血的外科治疗探讨

目的探讨门脉高压症断流术后上消化道再出血的外科治疗方法及其疗效.方法对(1999-2000)年本科收治的34例门脉高压症断流术后上消化道再出血的病人行外科治疗及疗效分析.其中肝功能Child A组10级,B级18例,C级6例.治疗前钡餐或胃镜检查确诊.结果有14例行非手术外科治疗,2例经药物治疗止血;4例行胃镜下食道静脉套扎(EVL)止血,效果较好;6例行食管胃底曲张静脉脉硬化剂注射,2例行三腔二囊管止血,疗效不确切,再出血率62.5%(5/8).20便行手术治疗,9例行肠腔分流,2例(2/9)术后再次发生上消化道出血;术中食管胃底曲张静脉缝扎1例,食管胃底曲张静脉硬化剂注射2例,术后均再次出现上消化道出血;贲门血管再次离断2例,改良食管下段横断术3例,术后近远期疗效均可;贲门周围血管离断加肠腔分流水2例,术后有1例上消化道再出血.结论胃镜下食道静脉套扎术在非手术止血中效果较好,适合于不不宜手术的病人.手术治疗常选肠腔分流.对前次断流不彻底需再次断流,再次断流门静脉压仍高,则考虑行断流加分流.     

门脉断流术联合脾脏切除术83例回顾分析

目的 探讨由病毒性肝炎引起的门脉高压症行门脉断流术联合脾脏切除术术后转归情况.方法 随访调查83例由病毒性肝炎引起的肝硬化门脉高压症门脉断流术联合脾脏切除术患者的术后情况,包括围手术期情况的观察和随访、信件询问了解等,以期反映手术后疗效情况.结果 围手术期发生各种并发症8例次,远期发生再出血10例,1例死于再出血引起的肝昏迷、肝肾综合征,47例术后情况良好,14例术后肝功能状况仍然不佳.结论 门脉断流术联合脾脏切除术治疗病毒性肝炎肝硬化引起的门脉高压症,作为内科治疗的延续,手术疗效与患者围手术期的肝功能状况、围手术期内有无术后并发症、肝硬化的发展变化有关,同时能改善肝功能,减少消化道再出血.     

门奇静脉断流术治疗肝硬化门静脉高压症食管静脉曲张破裂大出血50例

目的 观察急诊门奇静脉断流术治疗肝硬化门静脉高压症食管静脉曲张破裂出血（EVB）的近、远期疗效.方法 对急诊断流术治疗肝硬化门静脉高压症食管静脉曲张破裂出血（EVB） 50例进行回顾性分析.结果 急诊手术50例,有6例（12%）因再出血、肺部感染、腹腔感染和多器官功能衰竭（MOF）死亡,其余均得到有效止血,近期疗效满意,术后无肝性脑病.30例获得随访,随访时间1-10年,再出血13例（43%）,再出血时间大多发生在术后5年以后.5年生存率70.%,10年生存率46%.结论 掌握肝硬化门脉高压症上消化道大出血适应证采取急诊门奇断流手术能达到满意的止血效果.     

介入性门脉断流术治疗肝硬化消化道出血的疗效评价

目的:探讨经导管介入性门脉断流术在肝硬化门脉高压性消化道出血中的临床应用价值。方法:对22例肝硬化消化道出血患者行门静脉穿刺食道胃底静脉栓塞术联合部分脾动脉栓塞术治疗,术后短期观察临床症状及并发症,统计再出血率、死亡率。结果:22例患者均顺利完成介入性门脉断流术,术后均无腹腔出血、脾脓肿、门静脉血栓等严重并发症。结论:经皮胃冠状静脉栓塞联合部分脾栓塞手术安全、微创、止血率高,是治疗门脉高压性上消化道出血的一种有效方法。     

胃肠吻合器在门奇断流术治疗门脉高压症中的应用

目的 探讨胃肠吻合器在联合门奇断流术治疗门脉高压症中的应用价值.方法 对本院1996年到2001年期间采用门奇断流术联合/不联合胃肠吻合器治疗的150例门脉高压症患者进行回顾性总结和随访,比较两组术后5年内再出血发生率、食管下段及胃底静脉曲张消失率以及治疗并发症发生情况.结果 150例门脉高压症患者中,接受门奇断流术联合胃肠吻合器治疗组40例,单纯门奇断流术治疗组110例.两组5年随访率分别为87.5%(35/40)和88.2%(97/110).两组术后再出血率分别为5.71%(2/35)和55.67%(54/97),两组比较差异有统计学意义(x2=26.278,P＜0.0001);两组食管下段及胃底静脉曲张消失率分别为82.86%(29/35)和9.28%(9/97),两组比较差异有统计学意义(x2=67.922,P＜0.0001).35例门奇断流术联合胃肠吻合器治疗组患者中有1例出现轻度吻合口狭窄,无吻合口瘘及吻合口出血等并发症发生.结论 门奇断流术联合胃肠吻合器食管下段切割术治疗门脉高压症能有效地预防、减少术后食管、胃底曲张静脉再出血,止血效果较单纯门奇断流术好.     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

The clinicopathological and immuohistochemical analysis of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas： report of 9 cases

Objective：To investigate the clinical features, pathological characteristics and immunophenotype of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas（SPTP）. Methods：Nine surgically treated cases of SPTP were retrospectively reviewed. Hematoxylin and Eosin（HE） staining and immunohistochemical staining were used to analyze all cases, and the general clinical data was collected. Results：Six patients were asymptomatic except for a palpable mass. Two patients complained of vague-epigastric pain. One patient appeared jaundice. The tumor was encapsulated and solid tissues alternately with cystic tissues. Histologically, the histological structure of solid portion was pseudopapillary with a fibrovascular core. Tumor cells were uniform and medium-sized which were arranged in sheets ets or nests or pseudopapillary patterns. Immunohistochemical studies demonstrated that SPTP proved positive in vimentin（9/9 cases）, AAT（9/9 cases）, NSE（9/9 cases）, ACT（7/9 cases）, CK20（2/9 cases）, CgA（1/9 cases）, S-100（3/gcases）, PR（4/gcases）, Syn（3/9 cases） and CD56（5/9cases）, negative in CEA and ER. Conclusion：SPTP is a tumor predominantly occurring in young women frequently without special symptoms. This tumor has various characteristical histological patterns with different immunophenotype.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.