全胃切除术后经留置鼻空肠营养管与空肠造口行肠内营养的效果比较

目的:探讨全胃切除术后经留置鼻空肠营养管与空肠造口行肠内营养的应用效果.方法:选取2006年1月～2010年12月收治的实施全胃切除术的进展期胃癌患者54例,按肠内营养方法不同分为留置鼻空肠营养管组(A组)32例和空肠造口组(B组)22例.比较两组肠内营养完成情况、肠功能恢复时间和营养指标变化.结果:A组有3例改行肠外...     

胃癌患者全胃切除术后早期肠内营养效果观察

目的探讨胃癌患者全胃切除术后不同途径早期肠内营养的应用效果。方法选取2014年1月至2016年1月漯河市中心医院收治的经全胃切除术的胃癌患者90例,根据入院治疗顺序分成对照组与观察组,各45例。对照组给予经鼻留置空肠营养,观察组使用空肠造瘘置管肠内营养。统计两组的临床指标以及并发症发生情况。结果观察组住院时间、下床活动时间以及肠道功能恢复时间均短于对照组(P<0.05);对照组并发症发生率明显高于观察组(P<0.05)。结论胃癌患者全胃切除术后应用空肠造瘘置管肠内营养能促进患者的肠道功能恢复,且并发症较少,值得推广。     

空肠造口装置营养支持在上消化道大手术后的应用

目的评价空肠造口装置营养支持在上消化道大手术后的安全性和有效性。方法60例上消化道大手术后患者随机分为观察组和对照组,分别留置空肠造口与鼻空肠营养管进行肠内营养,观察术后两组各项指标。结果观察组的并发症发生率、排气时间、排便时间、住院时间、住院费用和术后营养的指标优于对照组,除排气时间外,差异均无统计学意义。结论空肠造口穿刺装置的营养支持在上消化道手术后能明显地改善患者的营养状态,与留置鼻空肠营养管相比,胃肠功能恢复更快、并发症更少,有较高的安全性和有效性。     

经空肠造瘘实施早期肠内营养在全胃切除术中的临床应用

目的:分析经空肠造瘘实施早期肠内营养在全胃切除术中的应用价值。方法:将130例行全胃切除术的胃癌患者随机分为2组,对照组和观察组各65例。观察组患者在胃癌根治术后接受空肠造瘘术。比较两组间胃肠道功能恢复时间、术后住院时间、术后营养支持费用及并发症发生率差异。检测术前及术后第14天所有患者的体重指数、血清白蛋白、血红蛋白和淋巴细胞计数水平。结果:观察组患者术后胃肠道功能恢复时间、术后住院时间和术后营养支持费显著少于对照组,P<0.05;两组间并发症发生率差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。术后14 d,观察组血清白蛋白、血红蛋白水平和淋巴细胞计数显著高于对照组,P<0.05。结论:在全胃切除术中经空肠造瘘实施早期肠内营养有利于改善患者术后的营养状况、促进患者尽快恢复,空肠造瘘术是一种安全可靠、具有实用性高的术式。     

危重患者留置鼻空肠营养管的临床护理

目的:探析危重患者留置鼻空肠营养管的临床护理效果。方法:选取收治的留置鼻空肠营养管的危重患者41例,分为两组。对照组接受常规护理,观察组采取综合护理,对比两组护理效果。结果:观察组并发症发生率(12.50%)与对照组(39.29%)相比明显较高,满意度高,两组护理效果比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论:加强危重患者留置胃空肠营养管的临床护理有利于完善肠内营养,预防并发症出现,经济有效,安全可靠,值得临床广泛应用。     

比较空肠造瘘营养管与鼻空肠营养管行肠内营养在食管癌根治术后的治疗效果

目的比较空肠造瘘营养管及鼻空肠营养管行肠内营养在食管癌根治术后的临床效果。方法选择我院收治的80例行食管癌根治术治疗的患者作为观察对象,收治时间为2014年7月至2015年7月,采用计算机随机方式将80例食管癌根治术患者随机分成两组,对照组采用鼻空肠营养管进行肠内营养供给,实验组采用空肠造瘘营养管进行肠内营养供给,观察两组食管癌根治术患者营养管留置时间、并发症发生率及白蛋白水平。结果对照组并发症发生率(%)明显高于实验组(%),且两组食管癌根治术患者营养管留置时间及白蛋白水平存在显著差异(P0.05),统计学有意义。结论针对食管癌根治术患者采用空肠造瘘营养管进行肠内营养供给的治疗效果更佳,值得临床推广。     

重症急性胰腺炎患者鼻空肠三腔喂养管肠内营养治疗的观察及护理

目的:探讨鼻空肠三腔喂养管肠内营养治疗在重症急性胰腺炎患者中的应用效果。方法:将45例重症急性胰腺炎患者按入院顺序随机分为肠外营养治疗组22例(对照组)和鼻空肠三腔喂养管肠内营养治疗组23例(试验组),观察两组患者入院时及治疗后第6天、第12天的清蛋白、前清蛋白、转铁蛋白水平;并比较两组患者感染、并发症发生率和住院时间、费用的差异。结果:治疗后第12天两组患者清蛋白、前清蛋白、转铁蛋白水平较入院时均显著提高(P<0.05),且试验组显著高于对照组,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05);实验组感染、并发症发生率和住院时间、费用明显低于对照组,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论:重症急性胰腺炎患者给予留置鼻空肠三腔喂养管进行肠内营养治疗,配合精心的护理,可改善患者的营养状况,增强机体防御能力,降低感染、并发症发生率,缩短住院病程,降低住院费用。     

空肠造瘘与鼻饲营养在胃大部切除术后肠内营养应用中的比较

目的对比胃大部切除术后空肠造瘘与鼻饲营养2种肠内营养方式的临床疗效。方法选择新疆喀什地区第一人民医院2010年7月-2013年3月收治的130例行胃大部切除术的患者。其中采用鼻饲营养管进行术后肠内营养100例（鼻饲营养组）,采用空肠造瘘管进行术后肠内营养30例（空肠造瘘组）。比较两组术后呼吸道、消化道症状及营养管相关并发症之间的差异。结果鼻饲营养组咳嗽、咳痰、咽部不适、腹胀腹痛、恶心呕吐及营养管堵塞发生率均高于空肠造瘘组,差异有统计学意义（P ＜0．05）。两组肺部感染、发热寒战、反流、肠瘘、脱管发生率差异无统计学意义（P ＞0．05）。鼻饲营养组肛门排气时间（46．5±9．6）h、营养管留置时间（12．0±3．7）d,空肠造瘘组肛门排气时间和营养管留置时间分别为（34．6±7．4）h、（21．0±5．8）d,两组比较差异均有统计学意义（P＜0．05）。结论胃大部切除术中应用空肠造瘘管进行术后肠内营养较留置鼻饲营养管效果好,患者痛苦小,胃肠道功能恢复速度快,并发症少,是一种安全可靠的营养方式。     

延期留置空肠穿刺造口管在胃癌患者恢复中的应用

目的：探讨延期留置空肠穿刺造口管肠内营养对胃癌患者术后营养状态和免疫功能的影响。方法胃癌根治术患者40例,随机分为A组和B组各20例,两组患者均于胃癌根治术中放置空肠穿刺造口管。A组术后经空肠造口管行早期肠内营养至出院后两周;B组术后经空肠造口管行早期肠内营养至出院时结束。观察两组患者的营养状况和免疫状态恢复情况。结果 A组出院时营养指标及免疫功能指标,如血红蛋白(Hb)、总蛋白(TP)、白蛋白(ALB)、前白蛋白(PA)、转铁蛋白(TRF)、免疫球蛋白(IgA,IgM)和T细胞亚群(CD4,CD8, CD4/CD8)、白细胞计数(WBC)水平与B组比较差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。A组出院后两周营养指标及免疫功能指标水平与B组比较差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论延期留置空肠穿刺造口管肠内营养可以促进胃癌根治患者术后营养状态和免疫功能的恢复。     

比较空肠造瘘营养管与鼻空肠营养管行肠内营养在食管癌根治术后的护理效果

目的比较空肠造瘘营养管及鼻空肠营养管行肠内营养在食管癌根治术后的护理效果。方法选择我院收治的60例行食管癌根治术治疗的患者作为观察对象,收治时间为2015年7月至2016年5月,采用计算机随机方式将60例食管癌根治术患者随机分成两组,对照组采用鼻空肠营养管进行肠内营养供给,实验组采用空肠造瘘营养管进行肠内营养供给,观察两组食管癌根治术患者营养管留置时间、堵管发生率、拔管发生率。结果对照组并发症发生率(%)明显高于实验组(%),且两组食管癌根治术患者营养管留置时间及堵管发生率、拔管发生率(P0.05),统计学有意义。     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

The clinicopathological and immuohistochemical analysis of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas： report of 9 cases

Objective：To investigate the clinical features, pathological characteristics and immunophenotype of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas（SPTP）. Methods：Nine surgically treated cases of SPTP were retrospectively reviewed. Hematoxylin and Eosin（HE） staining and immunohistochemical staining were used to analyze all cases, and the general clinical data was collected. Results：Six patients were asymptomatic except for a palpable mass. Two patients complained of vague-epigastric pain. One patient appeared jaundice. The tumor was encapsulated and solid tissues alternately with cystic tissues. Histologically, the histological structure of solid portion was pseudopapillary with a fibrovascular core. Tumor cells were uniform and medium-sized which were arranged in sheets ets or nests or pseudopapillary patterns. Immunohistochemical studies demonstrated that SPTP proved positive in vimentin（9/9 cases）, AAT（9/9 cases）, NSE（9/9 cases）, ACT（7/9 cases）, CK20（2/9 cases）, CgA（1/9 cases）, S-100（3/gcases）, PR（4/gcases）, Syn（3/9 cases） and CD56（5/9cases）, negative in CEA and ER. Conclusion：SPTP is a tumor predominantly occurring in young women frequently without special symptoms. This tumor has various characteristical histological patterns with different immunophenotype.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.