APACHEⅡ与CPIS评分系统对呼吸机相关肺炎患者预后评估价值的比较

目的:比较急性生理学及慢性健康状况评分Ⅱ(Acute physiology and chronic health evaluation Ⅱ,APACHEⅡ)APACHEⅡ与临床肺部感染评分(Clinical pulmonary infection score,CPIS)评分系统对呼吸机相关肺炎(Ventilator-associated pneumonia,VAP)患者预后评估的价值.方法:58例VAP患者在确诊当日分别行APACHEⅡ和CPIS评分,以住院内存活情况为预后的首要结局终点评价指标,采用Hosmer-Lemeshow拟合优度检验和ROC曲线来评价两种评分对预后判断的校准度和分辨度.结果:58例VAP患者住院期内死亡25例(43.1%),死亡组的APACHEⅡ评分(t=3.797,P=0.000 1)和CPIS评分(t=3.462,P=0.001)均高于存活组.生存的33例患者机械通气时间、住ICU时间和住院时间与APACHEⅡ评分与CPIS评分均呈正相关.Hosmer-Lemeshow拟合优度检验显示APACHEⅡ(χ2=1.546,P=0.845)和CPIS评分(χ2=1.341,P=0.911)对VAP生存预后结局的预测均有较好的校准度.ROC曲线分析显示ROC曲线结果显示APACHEⅡ评分和CPIS评分预测VAP生存的生存均有价值,但APACHEⅡ评分预测分辨度要优于CPIS评分.结论:APACHEⅡ与CPIS评分系统对呼吸机相关肺炎患者生存的预测都具有较好的校准度,但APACHEⅡ预测分辨度要优于CPIS评分.     

终末期肝病模型评分预测亚急性重型肝炎近期预后的价值

目的:评价终末期肝病模型(Model for end-stage liver disease,MELD)评分对亚急性重症肝炎近期预后的预测价值.方法:收集73例亚急性重症肝炎人院当天的资料,计算MELD评分,并以ROC曲线和曲线下面积评价其对3个月内近期预后的价值.结果:3个月内73例患者共死亡32例(43.8%),死亡组患者入院时的MELE评分高于生存组患者(t=3.125,P=0.002).MELD评分对亚急性重症肝炎近期预后预测的ROC曲线下面积0.756(P=0.000 1),95% CI[0.646～0.866].当截断值为26时,预测灵敏度为0.906,特异度为0.854,准确性为0.877.结论:终末期肝病模型评分对亚急性重症肝炎近期预后有较好的预测价值.     

心脏麻醉危险评估评分与欧洲心脏手术危险因素评价系统对国人冠状动脉旁路移植术预后预测能力的比较

目的验证心脏麻醉危险评估(CARE)评分是否适用于我国行冠状动脉旁路移植术(CABG)的患者,同时比较CARE评分与欧洲心脏手术危险因素评价系统(EuroSCORE)对CABG预后[术后病死率、术后并发症、住院天数、术后住院天数和住重症监护病房(ICU)天数]的预测能力.方法收集上海交通大学医学院附属仁济医院麻醉科2007年6月-2008年12月行CABG的患者212例,对其进行CARE评分和EuroSCORE评分,比较住院天数、术后住院天数、住ICU天数与这两种风险评分的相关性及这两种风险评分对手术病死率和并发症发生率的校准度和分辨力,由此来衡量两者对国人行CABG患者预后的预测能力.结果 EuroSCORE与行心脏手术患者的住院天数、术后住院天数和住ICU天数呈正相关(r=0.108、0.141、0.181,P值均<0.05);CARE评分与患者住院天数不相关,但与术后住院天数和住ICU天数呈正相关(r=0.188、0.212,P值均<0.01).CARE评分和EuroSCORE对术后病死率的校准度均较好(x2=1.117 2、1.399 2,P=0.952 6、0.496 8),CARE评分对于术后并发症发生率的校准度可以接受(x2=7.802 3,P=0.167 5),但对术后住院时间延长的校准度较差(x2=21.266 9,P=0.012 6).CARE评分对于术后病死率的分辨力较好但不如EuroSCORE,两者受试者工作特征曲线下面积(AUC)分别为0.723和0.907.两者术后并发症发生率的分辨力均为中等(AUC分别为0.648和0.684).结论 CARE评分和EuroSCORE对国人CABG后病死率、术后并发症发生率及术后住院天数和住ICU天数均有良好的预测能力.     

MELD对慢性病毒性重型肝炎近期预后的预测价值

目的 探讨MELD在慢性病毒性重型肝炎近期预后预测中的作用,并与CTP评分系统比较,为临床应用提供参考.方法 以2005年1月～2008年12月于该院治疗的慢性重型病毒性肝炎76例患者为研究对象,入院24 h内进行MELD和CTP模型评分.常规治疗出院后随访90 d,Kaplan-Meier曲线描述生存,评价MELD对病情及预后作用.并以校准度和分辨度来比较MELD和CTP对预后的评价效力.结果 随访90天时,失访1例.90d时生存率为78.7%和95%CI为67.6%～89.8%.晚期MELD评分均明显高于早期和中期(F=9.571,P=0.000),慢性重型肝炎分期也与MELD评分呈正相关(r_s=0.742,t=6.781,P=0.000),而死亡者MELD评分均明显高于生存者(t=10.170,P=0.000).两种评分预后的预测模型分别为:logit P=4.61+0.15MELD和logit P=3.74+0.25CTP.MELD的预测模型与实际死亡拟合良好(X~2=-2.145,P=0.854),而CTP的预测模型拟合相对较差(X~2=4.761,P=0.184).两种评分都具有良好预测分辨度,曲线下面积分别为0.869(P=0.000)和0.855(P=0.000),95%CI分别为0.801～0.937和0.782～0.928.MELD评分取最佳截断值23分时,判断患者死亡的敏感性为81.8%,特异性为82.8%,预测准确性为82.7%;CTP评分取最佳截断值为10分.判断患者为死亡的敏感性为81.8%,特异性为78.1%,预测准确性为78.7%.结论 MELD对慢性病毒性重型肝炎的病情及预后有很好的预测价值.和CTP相比,同样具有较好的预测分辨度,但MELD校准度曼佳.     

TRISS与ASCOT评分系统对胸外伤患者死亡风险评估价值的比较

目的比较创伤严重程度评分（TRISS）和创伤严重程度特征评分（ASCOT）对胸外伤患者病情的预测价值。方法收集807例胸外伤患者的临床资料。使用TRISS评分和ASCOT评分，分别计算每例患者的预期病死率和全组患者的平均预计病死率，与实际病死率进行比较。同时进行校准度和分辨力的评价，校准度采用Hosmer-Lemeshow拟合优度检验；分辨力采用受试者操作特征（ROC）曲线下面积评价。结果807例患者中，死亡39例，病死率4．8％。ASCOT评分表现出良好的校准度（χ^2=4．28，P〉0．05），而TRISS评分的校准度较差（χ^2=16．52，P〈0．05）。TRISS评分和ASCOT评分的ROC曲线下面积分别为0．761和0．857，两者的分辨度均较好。结论ASCOT评分可准确地预测患者胸外伤的病死率，有较好的校准度。TRISS评分在预测死亡危险度方面不如ASCOT评分准确。临床上对胸外伤患者病情的评价及预测预后，宜以ASCOT评分为首选。     

EuroSCORE风险评估系统在预测冠脉旁路移植术后患者再入院风险中的应用价值

目的 评价EuroSCORE预测冠脉旁路移植(CABG)术后患者再入院风险的应用价值。方法 自2009年至2010年在我院接受单纯CABG手术患者1875例。评价EuroSCORE预测患者术后再入院风险的校准度和区分度,其中校准度提示该评分系统预测阳性事件的准确程度,区分度提示该评分系统能在多大程度上把具备不同风险程度的患者区分开来,也即评分系统的鉴别力。区分度越高,越能把不同风险程度的患者区分开来。同时,按照风险评分将患者分为5组,对不同风险组患者术后随访期间再入院情况进行比较。结果 患者随访期限(24.4±10.1)个月。EuroSCORE预测CABG术后再入院事件的校准度和区分度较好(H L检验：P=0.37;ROC曲线下面积为0.719)。根据EuroSCORE评分高低,生存曲线分析发现,EuroSCORE评分越高的患者CABG术后再入院事件发生率越高(Log Rank：＜0.001)。结论 EuroSCORE可在临床工作中对CABG术后再入院发生风险进行预测。     

改良早期预警评分在预测急性中毒患者预后中的应用

目的：探讨改良早期预警评分(MEWS)在急性中毒患者预后中的应用价值。方法选取我院急诊科2013年3月至2015年3月收治的420例急性中毒患者,采用前瞻性观察性研究,以患者入院就诊为观察起点,采集相关数据,进行MEWS评分,追踪患者30 d预后,分析不同分数段患者预后情况,并通过ROC曲线探讨MEWS评分预后预测的准确性。结果0~4分308例,存活305例,死亡3例,病死率为0.97%;5~8分86例,存活37例,死亡49例,病死率为57.0%;≥9分26例,存活0例,死亡26例,病死率为100.0%;MEWS评分对急性中毒患者死亡预测的最佳截断点为4.5分,灵敏度96.2%,特异度89.2%,Youden指数为0.854,ROC曲线下面积AZ=0.982,与零假设(曲线下实面积=0.5)比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论 MEWS评分能够很好地预测急性中毒患者病情及预后,该评分简单、使用,适合在急性中毒患者中使用。     

改良早期预警评分与急性生理和慢性健康状况对ICU创伤患者病情评价和预后预测的对比研究

目的比较改良早期预警评分（MEWS）和急性生理和慢性健康状况（APACHEⅡ）评分在ICU创伤患者病情评价和预后预测的可行性。方法回顾性分析综合ICU收治的190例创伤患者的临床资料。入ICU时即刻作为观察起点,通过查阅病历记录对每一例患者分别进行MEWS及APACHEⅡ评分,以经过治疗转出ICU为观察终点,资料收集完后进行统计分析。结果MEWS与APACHEⅡ评分分值段越高,病死率越高,各分值段比较差异有统计学意义（P〈0．01）;MEWS与APACHEⅡ评分与患者预后呈正相关,相关系数r值分别为0．441、0．525;以死亡为预测指标时,MEWS评分界值是4分,敏感度是88．1％,特异度是51．2％,其ROC曲线下面积AZ=0．763（95％ CI：0．693,0．832）,P=0．000;APACHEⅡ评分界值是21分,敏感度是86．6％,特异度是54．5％,其ROC曲线下面积AZ=0．810（95％ CI：0．744,0．876）,P=0．000。结论MEWS与APACHEⅡ评分均可判断ICU创伤患者病情严重程度,对其预后均具有中等程度预测价值,而MEWS操作简单快捷,费用低廉,可实现对患者快速动态的评估病情,更适用于ICU创伤患者。     

入院时MEWS评分对急诊重症监护病房患者预后的评估价值

目的探讨急诊重症监护病房(EICU)患者入院时MEWS评分与其预后的关系。方法回顾性分析郑州大学人民医院2017年3月15日至2017年7月15日收治的EICU患者入院时的各项指标,对各项指标进行评分,相加得到入院时改良早期预警评分(MEWS),主要结局为患者24、48 h及院内死亡,采用ROC曲线评估MEWS评分对预后预测的截断值,ROC曲线下面积、敏感性和特异性评估MEWS评分对EICU患者预后的价值。结果 MEWS评分预测患者24、48 h及院内死亡的ROC曲线下面积分别为0.765、0.734和0.738,MEWS评分预测患者24、48 h及院内死亡的截断值均为5分。结论入EICU时,MEWS≥5分对患者24、48 h及院内死亡有较好的预测价值,可对EICU患者病情做出快速判断。     

MEWS评分与APACHEⅡ评分在脑外伤患者预后预测中的对比研究

目的探讨改良早期预警评分（MEWS）应用于急诊入院的脑外伤患者预后预测的可行性。方法依据事先设定的入组及排除标准,选取2007年1月-2008年3月经我院急诊收入院的连续脑外伤患者共计94例。入院即刻作为观察起点,采集相关数据或化验标本。其后对每一位患者分别进行APACHEⅡ评分及MEWS评分;3个月后为观察终点：预后作为观察指标。资料收集完后进行统计分析。结果以死亡作为预测指标时,APACHElI评分界值是21分,敏感度100％．特异度94．81％;ROC曲线下面积Az：O．9809;U=39．0337;P=0．O0013。MEWS评分界值是5分,特异度100％,敏感度88．31％,ROC曲线下面积Az=0．9756;U=35．2844;P=0．0000。均有较强的预测价值。在存活组中,以致残为预测目标时,APACHE11评分界值是16分,Az=0．8653,U=4．2115,P=0．0000,敏感度85．10％,特异度76．00％。MEWS评分界值是3分．Az=0．8255,U=3．8424,P=0．0001。敏感度85．71％,特异度75．71％;均有中等强度预测价值。结论APACHEII评分及MEWS评分对脑外伤患者愈后均具有同等预测价值,但MEWS评分结构简单,获取数据方便,省时、节省费用,故可在急诊入院脑外伤患者预后预测中推广应用。     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

The clinicopathological and immuohistochemical analysis of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas： report of 9 cases

Objective：To investigate the clinical features, pathological characteristics and immunophenotype of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas（SPTP）. Methods：Nine surgically treated cases of SPTP were retrospectively reviewed. Hematoxylin and Eosin（HE） staining and immunohistochemical staining were used to analyze all cases, and the general clinical data was collected. Results：Six patients were asymptomatic except for a palpable mass. Two patients complained of vague-epigastric pain. One patient appeared jaundice. The tumor was encapsulated and solid tissues alternately with cystic tissues. Histologically, the histological structure of solid portion was pseudopapillary with a fibrovascular core. Tumor cells were uniform and medium-sized which were arranged in sheets ets or nests or pseudopapillary patterns. Immunohistochemical studies demonstrated that SPTP proved positive in vimentin（9/9 cases）, AAT（9/9 cases）, NSE（9/9 cases）, ACT（7/9 cases）, CK20（2/9 cases）, CgA（1/9 cases）, S-100（3/gcases）, PR（4/gcases）, Syn（3/9 cases） and CD56（5/9cases）, negative in CEA and ER. Conclusion：SPTP is a tumor predominantly occurring in young women frequently without special symptoms. This tumor has various characteristical histological patterns with different immunophenotype.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.