经支气管针吸活检术在伴有纵隔淋巴结肿大的肺及纵隔病变中的诊断价值研究

目的 探讨经支气管针吸活检术(transbronchial needle aspiration,TBNA)在肺及纵隔病变诊断中的临床价值.方法 对56例常规纤维支气管镜检查支气管,管腔内未见肿物及明显外压但伴有纵隔淋巴结肿大的患者进行纵隔淋巴结针吸活检,直接涂片后送检.TBNA完成后,再以毛刷在穿刺点处刷检,如果可见局部黏膜增厚或充血水肿需另行活检.比较TBNA与黏膜活检联合刷检的诊断率,评价TBNA的有效性及安全性,分析其影响因素.结果 56例纵隔淋巴结肿大的患者经TBNA确诊34例,诊断率为60.7%,高于支气管黏膜活检联合刷检的16.1%的诊断率,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.01).TBNA诊断率受淋巴结大小影响,直径大于2 cm的淋巴结的TBNA诊断率高,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.01).另外TBNA诊断率还受淋巴结部位影响,7组淋巴结的TBNA阳性率为76.9%,高于非7组淋巴结46.7%的阳性率,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).TBNA并发症少,绝大多数患者仅穿刺点有少许出血.结论 TBNA是一项有效、安全的检查手段,对支气管管腔外病变或肺门、纵隔淋巴结肿大的确诊具有重要意义,尤其在纤维支气管镜检查支气管管腔通畅的情况下.     

经支气管针吸术在肺癌诊断中应用的临床分析

目的：分析经支气管针吸术在支气管腔外病变或伴有纵隔淋巴结肿大的肺癌诊断中的价值。方法回顾性总结分析60例对支气管腔外病变或纵隔淋巴结肿大的拟诊肺癌患者行TBNA检查的临床资料。结果60例患者中TBNA检查确诊肺癌的有41例,阳性率68．33％（41/60）,常规活检、刷检的阳性率分别为13．33％（8/60）、8．33％（5/60）。TBNA诊断阳性率分别高于常规活检、刷检,差异有统计学意义（P＜0．05）。结论对于支气管腔外病变或纵隔淋巴结肿大的肺癌患者,TBNA是一种安全和有效的诊断方法,具有重要的临床应用价值。     

经支气管镜针吸活检诊断肺及纵隔疾病

目的：探讨经支气管镜下针吸活检术（transbronchial needle aspiration,TBNA）在肺及纵隔疾病的诊断价值。方法：在常规支气管镜检查过程中,对照CT提示肺部病变同时有纵隔及肺门淋巴结肿大的32例患者在常规支气管镜活检及刷检的基础上,在黏膜隆起及管腔外压处,采用TBNA检查,同时对纵隔、气管旁及肺门淋巴结肿大患者进行TBNA检查。结果：32例患者中,23例获得明确组织学及细胞学诊断,TBNA、活检、刷检术的阳性率分别为71%、46%和29%,三者联合病理诊断率为79%。TBNA在肺癌伴纵隔、气管旁淋巴结阳性率高于肺门淋巴结,差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）。结论：TBNA是一种阳性率高,特别是对纵隔淋巴结肿大或肺部阴影伴纵隔、肺门淋巴结肿大,而支气管腔未见明确病灶或管壁呈外压狭窄的诊断是一种简便安全,有效检查方法。     

经支气管镜穿刺针吸活检术在纵膈或肺门淋巴结肿大疾病病因诊断中的价值

【摘要】 目的 探讨经支气管镜穿刺针吸活检术（TBNA）在纵膈或肺门淋巴结肿大疾病病因诊断中的价值。〖HTH〗方法〖HTK〗 选取2016年12月~2017年12月于南川区人民政府医院就诊的70例纵膈或肺门淋巴结肿大且行常规支气管纤维支气管镜检查显示管腔未见明显外压及肿物的患者,所有患者均进行纵膈淋巴结针吸活检,涂片后送检。完成TBNA后,穿刺点处采用毛刷刷检,如发现充血水肿与局部黏膜增厚再进行活检。比较 TBNA与黏膜活检联合刷检的诊断率差异,分析不同淋巴结大小以及不同部位淋巴结TBNA诊断率的差异,评价TBNA的安全性与有效性。 结果 70例患者经TBNA检查确诊43例,诊断率61.43%,其中17例小细胞癌,14例未分型,6例腺癌,5例鳞癌;黏膜活检联合刷检确诊15例,诊断率21.43%,TBNA显著高于黏膜活检联合刷检（P＜0.05）;淋巴结直径＞2cm者的TBNA诊断率显著高于淋巴结直径≤2cm（P＜0.05）;隆突下淋巴结患者的TBNA诊断率显著高于非隆突下淋巴结者（P＜0.05）;41例患者穿刺点少量出血,5例出血量较多,但未特殊止血出血自行停止,无纵膈气肿、出血、纵膈感染、气胸等并发症发生,各组患者不良反应及并发症发生情况无明显差异（P＞0.05）。结论 TBNA对纵膈或肺门淋巴结肿大疾病,特别是淋巴结直径＞2cm和隆突下淋巴结肿大患者的病因诊断具有重要价值,且穿刺活检安全,无严重并发症发生。     

纤支镜下经支气管针吸术在肺癌诊断中临床价值

目的:探讨经支气管针吸术在肺癌诊断中的临床价值.方法:通过对56例拟诊为肺癌而纤维支气管镜表现粘膜浸润为主和支气管腔外病变进行TBNA细胞学检查,并以活检、刷检和冲洗进行对照.结果:TBNA、活检和刷检的诊断阳性率分别为71.4%、67.8%/64.3%(三者间差异无显著性),而冲洗的诊断阳性率仅为35.7%,另外,TBNA对纵隔肺门肿大的淋巴结诊断的阳性率63.6%,管腔外压性肿块2/4阳性.结论:TBNA是一种阳性率高,操作简便的诊断技术,特别是纵隔肺门肿大的淋巴结和管腔外压性肿块有特殊的价值,可推广应用于临床.     

气管镜针吸活检联合刷检在诊断纵隔、肺部肿瘤中的作用

目的 探讨经气管镜行纵隔淋巴结及肺部肿瘤针吸活检联合刷检的诊断作用.方法 对经CT检查的67例纵隔淋巴结肿大和(或)叶、段支气管腔外占位的患者通过经气管镜行针吸活检和刷检并与传统的常规钳取活检对照.结果 针吸阳性诊断率为74.63%,针吸联合刷检阳性诊断率82.09%;常规钳取阳性诊断率17.91%.单纯针吸和针吸联合刷检诊断率均高于常规活检(P＜0.01).结论 经气管镜针吸活检术是一种简便、安全、阳性率高的检查技术.     

经支气管镜针吸活检术诊断肺及纵隔疾病的临床价值

目的 探讨经支气管镜针吸活检术(TBNA)在肺及纵隔疾病中的诊断价值.方法 在常规气管镜检查中,对照CT提示肺部病变同时有纵隔及肺门淋巴结肿大或单纯肺门、纵隔淋巴结肿大的63例患者进行TBNA检查.结果 63例中42例获得明确组织学及细胞学诊断.在TNBA、支气管黏膜刷检和钳检三种检查方法中,阳性率分别为66.7％、33.3％和31.6％.TBNA和三者联合检查阳性率均显著高于其他检查(P＜0.01).结论 TBNA是一种阳性率高,特别是对纵隔淋巴结肿大或肺部阴影伴纵隔、肺门淋巴结肿大的疾病,以及对于支气管腔内未见明确病灶而管壁呈外压狭窄一类疾病的诊断是一种简便、安全、有效的检查方法.     

经纤维支气管镜针吸活检对腔外型肺癌的诊断价值及安全性评价

目的 评价经纤维支气管镜针吸活检(TBNA)技术在腔外型肺癌诊断中的应用价值及安全性.方法 在气管镜检查过程中,对63例影像学检查提示腔外型肺癌、气管镜检查管腔结构基本正常的患者行经支气管镜针吸活检术、支气管黏膜活检及刷检或灌洗的患者临床资料进行临床分析.结果 63例患者均行TBNA检查,阳性44例,联合刷检或灌洗53例,TBNA联合检查中阳性46例,阳性率(73.0%)高于单行TBNA (69.8%),但差异无统计学意义(P>0.05).联合支气管黏膜活检或经支气管镜肺活检13例,阳性10例高于单行TBNA阳性率(8/13),但差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);不同气道狭窄程度及转移淋巴结大小TBNA阳性率比较差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05).主要不良反应为穿刺点出血.结论 经纤维支气管镜针吸活检术是诊断腔外型肺癌的一种安全、可靠,且特异性高的诊断技术.     

经支气管针吸活检对支气管狭窄型肺癌的诊断价值

目的　探讨经支气管针吸活检 (TBNA)对支气管狭窄型肺癌的诊断价值。方法　纤维支气管镜检查中先用Olympus-N1 2C或Mill-RoseMW - 12 2型穿刺针对狭窄部位穿刺 ,然后钳夹活检和 或刷检 ,部分病例开胸手术和临床治疗观察 ,共确诊 117例肺癌 ,对其资料整理分析。结果　对肺癌的诊断率TBNA为 76 %,刷检为 6 0 %,两者间差别有非常显著性意义 (P <0 0 0 5 )。结论　TBNA加刷检佐以可行的钳夹活检及纤维支气管镜查痰是诊断支气管狭窄型肺癌的好方法。     

经支气管针吸术在肺癌诊断中的作用

目的总结经支气管针吸术（TBNA）在肺癌诊断中的作用。方法分析61例支气管镜TBNA检查患者的临床资料。其中常规胸部CT检查提示有纵隔淋巴结肿大55例,支气管外压性狭窄6例。结果 61例中,确诊肺癌43例,结节病7例,结核3例,感染性淋巴结肿大8例。43例经TBNA获取标本病理确诊为肺癌36例（36/43,83.7%）。36例肺癌患者纵隔淋巴结穿刺62例次,穿刺成功50例次（50/62,80.6%）;气管右前、隆突前、右主支气管前淋巴结共穿刺49次（49/62,78%）。其中20例周围型肺癌TBNA诊断阳性率70%（14/20）,活检诊断阳性率14.3%（2/14）,刷检诊断阳性率25%（5/20）,肺泡灌洗诊断阳性率25%（2/8）。TBNA诊断准确率显著高于其他3种诊断方法（P〈0.01）。结论对于周围型肺癌伴有纵隔淋巴结肿大及支气管外压性狭窄的患者,TBNA为更好的诊断方法。     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.     

Scientific principles and rigorous processes should be followed in developing clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine

A clinical guideline for the therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine may be defined as a written document which states a series of recommendations on therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine for a special disease or condition. The guideline may provide assistance to medical professionals in making clinical decisions aimed at improving the clinical outcome of patients and reducing the costs of medical care（~＇4~. Recommendations issued by a guideline should be based on the best available evidence in both Western and Chinese medicine. For fulfilling this purpose, the development of clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions in the field of integrative medicine should follow scientific principles and undergo a rigorous processes.