乳腺浸润性导管癌超声表现与免疫分型的关系

目的：探讨乳腺浸润性导管癌超声表现与免疫分型的相关性。方法296例经手术病理证实为乳腺浸润性导管癌的患者,术前均行乳腺超声检查,分析其超声声像图表现,术后标本均行免疫组织化学检测,根据雌激素受体（ER）、孕激素受体（PR）、人类表皮生长因子受体2（HER－2）表达水平将其划分为4种分型：Luminal A型、Luminal B型、HER－2过表达型和三阴型,对比分析4种分型的超声表现。结果4种免疫分型的乳腺浸润性导管癌患者的肿块大小、微钙化情况、肿块内部的血流分布等超声表现差异均有统计学意义（ P＜0.05）：HER－2过表达型多表现为大肿块,相对于Luminal A型、Luminal B型及三阴型更易出现微钙化,肿块内部的血流分布丰富;三阴型表现为大肿块的比例较高,较少出现微钙化,肿块内部的血流分布较少;Luminal A型和Luminal B型肿块内部的血流分布丰富,肿块一般较小,较少出现微钙化。结论乳腺浸润性导管癌超声表现与免疫分型间存在一定关系。     

上皮细胞黏附分子表达与乳腺癌的分子分型及预后

目的：探讨上皮细胞黏附分子(epithelial cell adhesion molecule,EpCAM)在乳腺癌及其分子亚型中表达的临床病理及预后意义。方法：采用免疫组织化学MaxVisionTM法检测835例乳腺浸润性导管癌中EpCAM的表达,分析其与临床病理特征和预后的关系。结果：EpCAM的阳性表达与组织学分级、淋巴结转移、肿瘤大小、ER和PR表达、HER2表达和临床分期均有关(均P<0.05),与绝经状态无关(χ2=0.117,P=0.733)。在腺腔A型、腺腔B型(HER2−)、腺腔B型(HER2+)、HER2过表达型及三阴型乳腺浸润性导管癌(invasive ductal carcinoma,IDC)中, EpCAM的阳性表达率分别为19.2%,73.0%,48.9%,72.2%和62.1%。Log-rank检验和单因素COX分析显示EpCAM阳性患者的预后较差(均P<0.001),并与三阴型、腺腔B型(HER2−)和HER2过表达型预后有关(均P<0.05)。多因素COX分析显示EpCAM阳性表达与三阴型和HER2过表达型预后差相关(均P<0.05)。结论：EpCAM可能与乳腺癌进展有关,并与分子分型相关,在乳腺癌总体上及三阴型和HER2过表达型中是一种独立的预后因子。     

雄激素受体在不同分子分型乳腺癌中的表达及临床病理意义

目的：探讨雄激素受体（androgen receptor,AR）在不同分子分型的浸润性乳腺癌中的表达情况及相关性。方法：采用免疫组化方法检测635例浸润性乳腺癌标本中AR、雌激素受体（estrogen receptor,ER）、孕激素受体（progesterone receptor,PR）、人类表皮生长因子受体2（human epidermal growth factor receptor?type2,HER2）、Ki67蛋白的表达情况,分析AR在不同分子分型、组织学类型中的表达情况及相关分子之间的关系。结果：AR在Luminal A型、Luminal B型HER2阴性型、Luminal B型HER2阳性型、HER2过表达型及三阴型浸润性乳腺癌中的阳性率分别为74.5%（137/184）、56.1%（96/171）、67.8%（40/59）、56.0%（56/100）、32.2%（39/121）,差异具有统计学意义（P<0.05）;癌旁组织中AR阳性率为29.2%（158/542）,明显低于癌组织中的表达,差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）;AR蛋白表达在年龄分组及组织学分级中差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）;AR阳性与ER、PR蛋白的阳性表达呈正相关（P<0.05）,而与Ki?67的表达呈负相关（P<0.05）。结论：AR在不同分子分型乳腺癌中均有一定的表达,联合检测AR和ER、PR、HER2及Ki?67对判断乳腺癌的预后和选择治疗方案有一定价值。     

FOXA1表达在乳腺癌分子亚型中的诊断及预后意义

目的 观察乳腺浸润性导管癌中FOXA1的表达,以及在各分子亚型中的表达及其诊断、预后意义.方法 收集乳腺浸润性导管癌213例,应用免疫组化方法检测FOXA1、Ki67在各分子亚型中的表达情况,检测CK5/6、CK14用于区分正常乳腺样型和基底细胞样型.结果 213例乳腺浸润性导管癌中150例(70.4%)见FOXA1表达,FOXA1的表达与ER、PR呈正相关,与组织学分级、Nottingham预后指数、p53、Ki67呈负相关.FOXA1表达在Luminal亚型与非Luminal亚型之间表达有差异性.在Luminal亚型中,FOXA1的表达与组织学分级、PR、NPI和Ki67、Luminal A亚型有相关性.在预后方面:FOXA1的表达与长的无病生存期、总生存期有关.结论 在乳腺浸润性导管癌中FOXA1的表达与预后较好相关,FOXA1表达有可能被用于鉴别Luminal A亚型,亦可应用FOXA1在低风险乳腺癌中的预后意义来选择治疗方法.     

乳腺癌组蛋白去乙酰化酶1/2/3表达与分子分型及临床指标间的关系

目的：探讨乳腺浸润性导管癌中组蛋白去乙酰化酶(HDAC)1/2/3表达情况与肿瘤分子分型以及相关临床病理指标间的关系。方法利用免疫组化染色检测278例乳腺浸润性导管癌石蜡样本中雌激受体( ER)孕激素受体( PR)、HER2、Ki-67、HDAC1、HDAC2和HDAC3蛋白的表达情况,对肿瘤进行分子分型,并结合相关临床病理指标进行分析。结果 HDAC1/2/3均高表达于管腔A型, HDAC3在HER2过表达型中的表达高于基底亚型。 HDAC1与ER、PR、Ki-67蛋白的表达正相关,高表达HDAC1提示患者预后较好。结论 HDAC1/2/3对不同类型乳腺癌的发生发展具有促进作用。     

不同分子分型乳腺癌行保乳乳癌根治术的预后分析

目的：探讨不同分子分型对行保乳乳癌根治术乳腺癌患者预后的影响。方法回顾分析郑州大学附属洛阳中心医院2010年9月—2013年9月期间收治的182例行保乳乳癌根治术乳腺癌患者的临床资料。根据标本免疫组化结果将患者分为4组：Luminal A型[雌激素受体(ER)+/孕激素受体(PR)+/表皮生长因子受体(HER)2-,Ki-67＜14%)],Luminal B型(ER+/PR+/HER2-,Ki-67>14%),HER2+型(ER-/PR-/HER2+)和三阴性（TNBC）(ER-/PR-/HER2-);比较各组别之间生存率、复发率及远处转移率等预后因素。结果182例保乳根治术患者中,Luminal A型81例,Luminal B型38例,HER2+型23例和TNBC 40例,其中局部复发患者20例,局部复发率11%,出现远处转移20例,转移率11%,死亡18例,生存率90.1%。统计结果表明不同年龄、分子分型、淋巴结转移情况、组织学分级、肿瘤大小等单因素分析在生存率、局部复发率和远处转移率上差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05),多因素分析结果显示不同年龄、分子分型、淋巴结转移情况、组织学分级为独立预后因素(P＜0.05),肿瘤大小不是影响其生存率的独立预后因素(P=0.082)。结论不同分子分型乳腺癌患者行保乳乳癌根治术后预后不同,Luminal A型预后最好,TNBC患者预后最差,但是保乳根治术对TNBC患者仍是一种可行治疗方案。     

HER2阴性乳腺浸润性导管癌p53蛋白表达的临床意义

目的：检测p53 蛋白在人类表皮生长因子受体2 (human epidermal growth factor receptor 2,HER2) 阴性乳腺浸润性导管癌中的表达,探讨其在HER2 阴性乳腺浸润性导管癌中的临床意义。方法：利用免疫组织 化学检测p53 在HER2 阴性的乳腺浸润性导管癌中的蛋白表达,同时免疫组织化学常规检测雌激素受体(estrogen receptor,ER) 和孕激素受体(progesterone receptor,PR) 的蛋白表达。结果：p53 蛋白在乳腺浸润性导管癌III 级中的阳性表达率高于乳腺浸润性导管癌I 级(P<0.05),但其表达与患者的年龄、临床分期、淋巴结转移状况 无明显相关。ER 阳性的乳腺浸润性导管癌的p53 蛋白的表达率低于ER 阴性的表达率(P<0.01),ER 和PR 共同 阳性的乳腺浸润性导管癌的p53 蛋白的阳性表达率明显低于ER 或PR 阴性的表达率(P<0.05)。p53 蛋白阳性患 者的5 年生存率显著低于p53 阴性患者(P<0.01),而且是HER2 阴性乳腺浸润导管癌的一个独立预后因素。结论： p53 蛋白表达与HER2 阴性的乳腺浸润性导管癌预后相关,并且是其独立的预后预测分子标志物。     

围绝经期ER/PR+HER2-浸润性乳腺癌的临床病理特征及预后分析

目的 探讨围绝经期雌激素受体(ER)和/或孕激素受体(PR)阳性及人类表皮生长因子受体2(HER2)阴性(ER/PR+HER2-)浸润性乳腺癌患者的临床病理特征及预后.方法 选择2009年1月至12月上海交通大学医学院附属第九人民医院黄浦分院收治的335例ER/PR+HER2-浸润性乳腺癌患者作为研究对象,根据月经状态将其分为绝经前组(<40岁,23例)、围绝经期组(40～60岁,228例)和绝经后组(>60岁,84例),比较3组患者的临床病理特征及预后情况,并通过单因素和多因素Cox回归分析围绝经期ER/PR+HER2-浸润性乳腺癌患者预后的危险因素.结果 不同月经状态ER/PR+HER2-浸润性乳腺癌患者肿瘤T分期、N分期、TNM分期、组织学分级、组织学类型、淋巴血管浸润情况、PR表达水平差异均无统计学意义(P均>0.05).Ki-67、ER、P53表达水平在3组患者间差异均有统计学意义(P均<0.01),围绝经期和绝经前组患者Ki-67阳性细胞百分比≥60％者和≥20％者占比均高于绝经后组,绝经前、围绝经期、绝经后组患者的ER表达水平依次增高,围绝经期和绝经前组患者的P53表达水平均高于绝经后组.绝经前、围绝经期和绝经后组患者生存率分别为87.0％(20/23)、92.1％(210/228)和91.7％(77/84),Kaplan-Meier生存曲线分析显示3组间差异无统计学意义(P>0.05).多因素Cox回归分析结果显示,淋巴结转移、Ki-67阳性细胞百分比≥60％、PR低表达是围绝经期ER/PR+HER2-浸润性乳腺癌患者预后的独立影响因素(HR=2.43、3.45、0.27,P均<0.05).结论 围绝经期ER/PR+HER2-浸润性乳腺癌有其独特的临床病理特征,但不同月经状态下患者的预后无明显差异.淋巴结转移、Ki-67阳性细胞百分比≥60％、PR低表达是围绝经期ER/PR+HER2-浸润性乳腺癌患者预后的独立影响因素.     

K i67在621例乳腺癌患者各亚型中的表达及临床意义

目的：分析K i67指数在各分子分型乳腺癌组织中的表达水平及临床意义。方法回顾性分析该院2013年1月至2013年12月收治的621例乳腺浸润性导管癌患者的临床病理资料,通过免疫组织化学（IHC）方法测定雌激素受体（ER）、孕激素受体（PR）、表皮生长因子受体-2（HER-2）及Ki67的表达情况以区分不同的分子亚型。结果621例女性乳腺浸润性导管癌患者的K i67指数为0％～95％,平均为40．83％。以14％为界,将乳腺癌患者的K i67指数分为两组,其中,K i67指数小于或等于14％乳腺癌患者109例（17．6％）,K i67＞14％乳腺癌患者512例（82．4％）。患者年龄、肿瘤大小、淋巴结转移状态、肿瘤病理分期与Ki67指数均无关（均 P＞0．05）。患者组织学分级、ER状态、PR状态、HER-2状态与Ki67指数均有关（均 P＜0．01）。Luminal A型、Luminal B型、HER-2过表达型、三阴性患者的Ki67指数分别为10．00％、40．00％、40．00％、70．00％,其中,其他三型的Ki67指数均明显高于Luminal A型（均 P＜0．01）,Luminal B型、HER-2过表达型、三阴性三者之间的Ki67指数比较差异有统计学意义（ P＜0．05）。三阴性乳腺癌患者的K i67指数（70．00％）显著高于非三阴性乳腺癌患者（30．00％）。结论 K i67与乳腺癌的临床病理特征有一定的相关性,与ER、PR、HER-2同时检测可能对判断乳腺癌预后有重要意义。     

临床病理因素与不同分子分型乳腺癌患者预后的相关性分析

目的:分析不同分子分型乳腺癌与预后的差异,为临床工作提供一定的分子依据。方法:通过免疫组织化学法检测雌激素受体(ER)、孕激素受体(PR)、人类表皮生长因子受体2(Her-2)、细胞角蛋白5/6(CK5/6)、表皮生长因子受体(EGFR)和ki67的表达,运用组织芯片回顾性分析310例于2001年1月至2014年7月就诊于上海某医院乳腺浸润性导管癌患者的临床病理资料,将其分为Luminal A型、Luminal B型、Her-2过表达型、Basal-like型、Normal breast-like型5种类型,分析各分子分型乳腺癌的预后,并筛选分析预后相关因素。结果:310例乳腺癌患者所占比例分别为Luminal A型43.87%、Luminal B型24.19%、Her-2过表达型11.61%、Basal-like型17.10%、Normal breast-like型11.94%。随访过程时间为2-162个月,中位时间为103个月,发生终点事件的患者91例。卡方检验示不同分子分型间患者年龄分布、肿瘤大小及位置、是否有淋巴结转移没有差异(P>0.05),而乳腺癌病理分级、是否有CK5/6、EGFR以及肿瘤抑制基因53(TP53)则存在组间差异(P<0.05)。不同分子分型乳腺癌中Luminal A型乳腺癌的生存率最高,其余依次是Luminal B型、Her-2过表达型与Basal-like型、Normal breast-like型。结论:不同分子分型乳腺癌预后存在差异性,Luminal A型乳腺癌预后最好,Basal-like型和normal breast like型和HER-2阳型乳腺癌预后最差。     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.     

Scientific principles and rigorous processes should be followed in developing clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine

A clinical guideline for the therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine may be defined as a written document which states a series of recommendations on therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine for a special disease or condition. The guideline may provide assistance to medical professionals in making clinical decisions aimed at improving the clinical outcome of patients and reducing the costs of medical care（~＇4~. Recommendations issued by a guideline should be based on the best available evidence in both Western and Chinese medicine. For fulfilling this purpose, the development of clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions in the field of integrative medicine should follow scientific principles and undergo a rigorous processes.