寰椎侧块枢椎椎弓根螺钉加钛缆内固定治疗寰枢椎脱位3例

目的探讨后路寰椎侧块枢椎椎弓根螺钉加钛缆内固定治疗寰枢椎脱位的可行性和疗效。方法采用后路寰椎侧块枢椎椎弓根螺钉加钛缆内固定治疗寰枢椎脱位3例,其中3例均为男性,年龄2856岁,车祸伤2例,砸伤1例,齿状突骨折1例,寰枢关节脱位2例。按Dickman等根据横韧带及骨性结构的损伤程度及范围分型：ⅠA型2例,ⅡB型1例。观察后路寰椎侧块枢椎椎弓根螺钉加钛缆内固定治疗寰枢椎脱位的力学稳定性和植骨融合情况。结果术后随访6个月-2年,平均16个月。术后3个月随访,植骨均得到骨性愈合,与术前X线相比,侧块椎弓根螺钉及固定钛缆无断裂、松动及脱落征象。结论后路寰椎侧块枢椎椎弓根螺钉加钛缆内固定治疗寰枢椎脱位即提供了坚强的内固定,减少了钛缆断裂等并发症,又给了植骨块一个很好的固定,更好的促进了植骨融合,提高了疗效。     

后路植骨融合治疗寰枢关节不稳19例

目的:探讨后路植骨结合内固定治疗寰枢椎失稳效果。方法:采用后路植骨结合内固定治疗寰枢椎失稳19例。早期4例采用寰枢椎间钢丝固定植骨,10例采用颈1-2椎弓根螺钉固定植骨,5例采用颈2椎弓根螺钉、颈3侧块螺钉枕骨螺钉植骨内固定。结果:19例患者均获随访,随访8月至7年,平均36.2个月,17例骨性愈合,延迟愈合1例,不愈合1例,手术后复查X线片提示环枢椎局部结构稳定。随访未发现螺钉及连接棒松动,无钢丝断裂现象。结论后路植骨结合内固定治疗寰枢椎失稳减压彻底,融合、固定可靠,疗效满意。     

寰枢椎不稳的手术治疗

目的总结后路中线和侧方固定治疗寰枢椎不稳的效果。方法分别采用后路中线线缆和椎板夹技术以及寰椎侧块与枢椎椎弓根螺钉技术对68例先天性寰枢椎不稳患者进行植骨内固定。结果所有病例均获得术后即刻稳定,术中未发生脊髓和椎动脉损伤,无死亡、重残或其他手术并发症。47例获3月～7年随访,平均17个月。术后颈部疼痛均消失,肢体肌力有不同程度改善。过伸过屈位X光片检查显示内固定材料无松动、断裂,46例植骨块融合,1例术后1年复查发现植骨块吸收,做了翻修手术并随访1年,植骨块融合。结论后路中线线缆技术可以达到稳定寰枢椎、植骨融合的目的,适合大多数寰枢椎不稳患者;颈1-2侧块固定可以作为中线固定技术的补充手段。     

寰枢椎椎弓根钉板固定融合治疗寰枢关节脱位

目的探讨寰枢椎椎弓根钉板固定植骨融合治疗寰枢关节脱位的临床效果。方法经后路寰枢椎椎弓根钉板固定植骨融合5例,行一期经口咽入路寰枢关节松解复位、后路寰枢椎椎弓根钉板固定植骨融合1例,术后3d下床活动,不用配带颈围领保护。结果术后拍片,1例解剖复位,5例不同程度复位。6例均获随访,全部病例骨性融合;其中4例术前有不同程度神经损害的症状与体征,术后用Odom标准评分,优3例,良1例,其余2例术前颈部疼痛、无力,术后症状消失。结论后路寰枢椎椎弓根钉板固定植骨融合治疗寰枢关节脱位效果良好,是治疗寰枢关节脱位后路手术的一种有效方法。     

经后路寰枢椎侧块螺钉固定治疗寰枢椎脱位

目的探讨经后路寰枢椎侧块螺钉固定治疗寰枢椎脱位的手术方法。方法采用后路枢椎侧块螺钉治疗6例寰枢椎前脱位。结果随访6～24个月,4例肌力完全恢复正常,2例肌力基本恢复正常,无断钉脱钉现象。结论经后路寰枢椎侧块螺钉固定治疗寰枢椎脱位,可使寰枢椎达到稳定的状态,该方法有效且可靠。     

后路寰椎椎弓根螺钉内固定治疗先天性齿状突不连16例

目的 探讨后路寰椎椎弓根螺钉内固定术治疗先天性齿状突不连的疗效.方法 先天性齿状突不连患者16例,术前JOA评分平均(9.3±2.1)分,颈髓延髓角平均为108.5°.行颅骨牵引2周,并行后路寰枢椎椎弓根螺钉钉棒系统内固定术.结果 16例寰枢关节均获良好复位.平均随访18个月,术后JOA评分平均(15.2±3.1)分,颈髓延髓角平均为145°.所有植骨均获得骨性融合.结论 后路寰椎椎弓根螺钉内固定术具有直视、短节段固定、融合率高等优点,是治疗齿状突不连合并寰枢关节脱位的安全有效的方法.     

成功治疗复杂的寰枢椎骨折脱位1例

难复性寰枢椎脱位的治疗是脊柱外科的一个难题,寰椎前脱位会形成齿状突或枢椎体对脊髓腹侧的压迫,表现为截瘫.对于患者的治疗,一般应先采用经口咽入路将寰枢关节松解、复位,再行后路内固定植骨融合[1-3],也可以在前路松解复位的同时行钢板固定[4].我院收治一例陈旧、难复性寰枢椎骨折脱位患者,因同时合并有下颌骨陈旧骨折,张口明显受限,难以经口咽入路松解寰枢关节.同时患者还合并枢椎椎体陈旧骨折,难以行枢椎椎弓根钉系统内固定.对于此患者,我们采用后路枢椎一侧半椎板切除减压,另一侧颈1-3半椎板间植骨融合,以寰椎椎弓根、第三颈椎弓侧块螺钉钉板系统做内固定,患者治疗成功,报告如下：     

后路经关节螺钉联合Brooks融合术治疗严重寰枢椎不稳

目的 介绍一种后路内固定治疗严重寰枢椎不稳的手术方法.方法 12例寰枢椎不稳患者中,单纯Ⅱ型陈旧性齿状突骨折6例,寰枢椎前脱位5例(其中自发性脱位2例,伴齿状突骨折2例,伴横韧带断裂1例),寰枢椎旋转脱位伴横韧带断裂1例.采用后路C1和C2经关节螺钉联合Brooks融合术治疗,观察其疗效.结果 12例寰枢椎不稳患者中,11例共放置经关节螺钉22枚;1例陈旧性齿状突骨折患者因C2单侧椎板上缘劈裂仅行Brooks融合术.术中无椎动脉、硬脊膜破裂和脊髓损伤等并发症,随访3～35个月,植骨全部融合.结论 后路经关节螺钉联合Brooks融合术是治疗严重寰枢椎不稳的有效方法,可提供有效的固定和提高植骨融合率.     

经后路寰枢椎侧块螺钉固定治疗寰枢椎脱位

目的：探讨经一路寰枢椎侧块螺钉固定治疗寰枢椎脱位的手术方法。方法：采用和枢椎介块螺钉治疗６例寰枢椎前脱位,结果：随访６￣２４月,４例肌力完全恢复正常,２侧肌力基本恢复正常,无断钉脱打现象。结论：经后路寰枢椎侧块螺钉固定治疗寰枢椎脱位,可使寰枢椎达到稳定的状态,该方法有效且可靠。     

寰枢椎椎弓根螺钉治疗齿状突骨折并寰枢关节脱位

目的 探讨寰枢椎椎弓根螺钉内固定技术治疗齿状突骨折合并寰枢关节脱位的效果.方法 对23例齿状突骨折合并寰枢关节脱位患者采用颈椎后路寰枢椎椎弓根螺钉内固定技术进行治疗,其中齿突骨折Ⅱ型19例,Ⅲ型4例.结果 23例患者手术过程顺利,术中X线透视23例患者寰枢关节基本复位,术后3 d戴颈托保护下床活动.术后随访6～24个月,平均13个月,术后12个月23例复查X 线片显示寰枢椎后方融合良好,内固定位置好,无内置物松动、断裂,患者颈部活动满意.结论 应用寰枢椎椎弓根螺钉内固定技术治疗齿状突骨折合并寰枢关节脱位固定牢固、融合效果好.     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

The clinicopathological and immuohistochemical analysis of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas： report of 9 cases

Objective：To investigate the clinical features, pathological characteristics and immunophenotype of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas（SPTP）. Methods：Nine surgically treated cases of SPTP were retrospectively reviewed. Hematoxylin and Eosin（HE） staining and immunohistochemical staining were used to analyze all cases, and the general clinical data was collected. Results：Six patients were asymptomatic except for a palpable mass. Two patients complained of vague-epigastric pain. One patient appeared jaundice. The tumor was encapsulated and solid tissues alternately with cystic tissues. Histologically, the histological structure of solid portion was pseudopapillary with a fibrovascular core. Tumor cells were uniform and medium-sized which were arranged in sheets ets or nests or pseudopapillary patterns. Immunohistochemical studies demonstrated that SPTP proved positive in vimentin（9/9 cases）, AAT（9/9 cases）, NSE（9/9 cases）, ACT（7/9 cases）, CK20（2/9 cases）, CgA（1/9 cases）, S-100（3/gcases）, PR（4/gcases）, Syn（3/9 cases） and CD56（5/9cases）, negative in CEA and ER. Conclusion：SPTP is a tumor predominantly occurring in young women frequently without special symptoms. This tumor has various characteristical histological patterns with different immunophenotype.     

Scientific principles and rigorous processes should be followed in developing clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine

A clinical guideline for the therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine may be defined as a written document which states a series of recommendations on therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine for a special disease or condition. The guideline may provide assistance to medical professionals in making clinical decisions aimed at improving the clinical outcome of patients and reducing the costs of medical care（~＇4~. Recommendations issued by a guideline should be based on the best available evidence in both Western and Chinese medicine. For fulfilling this purpose, the development of clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions in the field of integrative medicine should follow scientific principles and undergo a rigorous processes.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.