胰岛素泵强化治疗对初发2型糖尿病患者胰岛β细胞功能的影响

目的:探讨胰岛素泵强化治疗对初发2型糖尿病患者胰岛β细胞功能的影响。方法:初发2型糖尿病患者150例,对照组75例给予常规口服降糖药物治疗,观察组75例给予胰岛素泵强化治疗,随访2年,对比两组患者空腹血糖(FBG)、空腹胰岛素(FINS)、糖化血红蛋白(HbA1c),β细胞功能指数(HOMA-β)、早期胰岛素分泌指数(△I30/△G30)。结果:两组治疗后3个月FBG、HbAlc、FINS、HOMA-β、△I30/△G30等指标均较治疗前显著改善(P均<0.01);治疗后两组FBG与HbA1c比较差异无统计学意义(P<0.05),FINS与HOMA-β、△I30/△G30比较差异具统计学意义(P均<0.01)。2年内HOMA-β及△I30/△G30均降低,但观察组HOMA-β在每个随访时点与治疗后3个月时比较均无显著差异(P均>0.05),对照组随访1年时即出现显著差异(P<0.05);观察组△I30/△G30在随访1.5年时与治疗后3个月时出现差异(P<0.05),而对照组在随访1年时即出现显著差异(P<0.01)。结论:胰岛素泵强化治疗可有效保护初发T2DM患者胰岛β细胞功能。     

胰岛素强化治疗对初发2型糖尿病胰岛β细胞功能的影响

目的 探讨胰岛素强化血糖控制对初发2型糖尿病(T2DM)患者β细胞功能的影响.方法 选择90例初发T2DM患者随机分为观察组与对照组,两组患者均给予饮食控制与运动疗法,观察组给予胰岛素强化治疗,对照组给予口服降糖药物治疗,对比两组患者治疗前及治疗后3个月时空腹血糖(FBG)、糖化血红蛋白(HbAlc)、空腹胰岛素(FINS)、β细胞功能指数(HOMA-β)、胰岛素分泌指数(△I30/△G30)变化.结果 治疗前两组患者FBG、HbAlc、FINS、HOMA-β、△I30/△G30差异无统计学意义(P均＞0.05).治疗后两组患者的FBG、HbAlc、FINS、HOMA-β、△I30/△G30较治疗前有显著改善(P均＜0.05);治疗后两组患者的FBG与HbA1c比较,差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05),观察组FINS、HOMA-β、△I30/△G30高于对照组(P均＜0.05).结论 胰岛素强化治疗可在一定程度上延缓初发T2DM患者胰岛β细胞功能的减退,有效控制血糖,延缓病情发展.     

短期胰岛素泵强化治疗对初诊2型糖尿病患者β细胞功能的影响

目的探讨胰岛素泵短期强化治疗对初诊2型糖尿病(T2DM)患者胰岛β细胞功能的影响。方法对空腹血糖(FPG)≥10 mmol.L-1的62例住院初诊断T2DM患者行胰岛素泵强化治疗,治疗前及治疗血糖达标后行糖化血红蛋白(HbA1c)、口服葡萄糖耐量试验(OGTT)、胰岛素释放试验(OGIRT)检测;对血糖控制情况、胰岛β细胞功能指数(HOMA-β)、胰岛素抵抗指数(HOMA-IR)、早时相胰岛素分泌指数(△I30/△G30)进行比较。结果治疗后HbA1c、OG-TT各时点血糖和HOMA-IR均明显降低(P<0.05),OGIRT各时点胰岛素(Ins)、HOMA-β和△I30/△G30明显升高(P<0.05)。结论对初诊T2DM患者行胰岛素泵强化治疗能早期解除高糖毒性,短期内能有效改善其胰岛β细胞功能,减轻胰岛素抵抗。     

不同糖调节受损人群胰岛β细胞功能和胰岛素反应敏感性评估的意义

目的 探讨不同糖调节受损人群β细胞胰岛素分泌功能(β细胞功能)损害和胰岛素抵抗(IR)的特点,为糖尿病的一级预防提供理论依据.方法 根据口服75 g葡萄糖耐量试验将200例研究对象分为:正常糖耐量(NGT)组37例;单纯空腹血糖受损(I-IFG)组35例;单纯糖耐量受损(I-IGT)组50例;混合糖调节受损(CGI)组33例;新诊断2型糖尿病(N2DM)组45例.采用HOMA-β和HOMA-IR评价基础β细胞功能和基础IR,△I30/△G30、△I60/△G60和△I120/△G120分别评价糖负荷后的早相和晚相β细胞功能,胰岛素敏感性指数(SIM)评价外周胰岛素反应敏感性.结果 与NGT组比较,I-IFG组HOMA-β和△I30/△G30明显降低(均P＜0.01),而HOMA-IR明显升高(P＜0.01),两组间△I60△G60、△I120/△G120和SIM无明显差异;I-IGT组△I30/△G30、△I60/△G60、△I120/△G120和SIM明显降低(P＜0.05或P＜0.01),而HOMA-β和HOMA-IR与NGT组无明显差异;CGI组HOMA-β、△I30/△G30、△I60/△G60、△I120/△G120和SIM均明显降低(P＜0.05或P＜0.01),而HOMA-IR明显升高(P＜0.01);与N2DM组比较,I-IFG组、CGI组和I-IGT组HOMA-β均明显高于N2DM组(P＜0.01),三组HOMA IR均低于N2DM组(P＜0.01),而△I30/△G30、△I60/△G60、△I120/△G120和SIM均高于N2DM组(均P＜0.01).结论 I-IFG人群主要为基础β细胞功能损害和基础IR增强,I-IGT人群以糖负荷后的早相和晚相胰岛素分泌功能缺陷以及外周胰岛素反应敏感性降低为主,而CGI人群则兼有基础和糖负荷后p细胞功能损害以及系统性IR增强,但IGR三种亚型的β细胞功能损害程度和IR程度均低于糖尿病患者     

金双岐对初诊2型糖尿病患者胰岛β细胞功能的影响

目的:探讨金双岐对初诊2型糖尿病(T2DM)患者胰岛β细胞功能的影响.方法:66名初诊T2DM患者随机分为观察组34例和对照组32例,对照组予以饮食控制和胰岛素治疗,观察组在对照组的基础上加用金双岐片口服.分别于治疗前、治疗3个月后检测及计算患者的空腹血糖(FPG)、餐后2小时血糖(2hPG)、糖化血红蛋白(HbAlc)和空腹胰岛素(FINS)水平、HOMA-IR、HOMA-β、糖负荷30min净增C肽与净增葡萄糖的比值(△C30/△G30)和糖负荷120min净增C肽与净增葡萄糖的比值(△C120/△G120).结果:与治疗前比较,两组患者的FPG、2hPG、HbAlc、HOMA-IR均明显降低,HOMA-β、△C30/△G30、△C120/△G120明显升高(P＜0.05);并且,治疗后观察组患者各指标的改善情况均明显优于对照组(P＜0.05).结论:对于初诊T2DM患者,在常规抗糖尿病治疗的基础上加用金双岐片,可明显增强治疗效果、改善胰岛β细胞的功能.     

罗格列酮联合预混胰岛素治疗初诊2型糖尿病的疗效

目的 探讨罗格列酮联合预混胰岛素治疗空腹血糖较高的初诊2型糖尿病的疗效和意义.方法 应用罗格列酮联合预混胰岛素治疗31例初诊2型糖尿病,另设33例初诊糖尿病为对照组,口服降糖药物二甲双胍 瑞格列那或加用α-糖苷酶抑制剂(拜糖苹)等治疗.比较治疗前后的糖化血红蛋白(HbA1c)、胰岛β细胞功能(HOMA-β)和胰岛素敏感性(HOMA-IR)等指标的变化.结果 两组治疗前后HbA1c均有明显下降,具有统计学意义(P＜0.01),但治疗后两组之间HbA1c比较差异无显著性(P＞0.05).两组治疗后HOMA-β指数较治疗前均增高(P＜0.05),而HOMA-IR较治疗前下降(P＜0.01).罗格列酮组治疗前后的HOMA-β和HOMA-IR差异较对照组显著(P＜0.05).结论 罗格列酮联合预混胰岛素应用是治疗初诊2型糖尿病的理想方案之一.     

短期胰岛素泵强化治疗对酮症起病的2型糖尿病患者胰岛β细胞功能的影响

目的了解短期胰岛素泵强化治疗对酮症起病2型糖尿病患者胰岛β细胞功能的影响。方法对酮症起病2型糖尿病患者30例进行胰岛素泵强化治疗2周,比较治疗前后及治疗1年后血糖、血清胰岛素、β细胞功能指数（HOMA-β）、胰岛素抵抗指数（HOMA-IR）的变化。结果与治疗前相比,治疗后空腹胰岛素、HOMA-β升高,而空腹血糖、餐后2 h血糖、HbA1c、HOMA-IR下降（P〈0.01）。随访1年后血糖、HOMA-IR、空腹胰岛素、HOMA-β与胰岛素泵治疗后相比,无明显变化,但糖化血红蛋白进一步降低（P〈0.01）,其中30例患者中有13例BMI较高者可通过单纯饮食、运动治疗维持血糖达标。结论酮症起病2型糖尿病患者经胰岛素泵强化治疗后胰岛β细胞功能明显改善。     

HbA1c检测及胰岛素释放试验诊断2型糖尿病临床研究

目的分析糖化血红蛋白(HbA1c)检测及胰岛素释放试验诊断2型糖尿病的临床价值。方法选取2018年1月‐2018年9月该院收治的2型糖尿病患者114例为研究对象,根据患者空腹胰岛素分泌水平将其分为研究A组和研究B组,各57例,另选取同期在该院健康体检者57例为对照组。分别检测3组HbA1c、胰岛素释放水平、空腹血糖、空腹胰岛素、胰岛素抵抗指数及胰岛β细胞功能指数等指标。结果研究A组、研究B组空腹血糖、HbA1c、稳态模型胰岛素抵抗指数(HOMA-IR)高于对照组,胰岛β细胞功能指数(HOMA-β)低于对照组(P 0.05);研究A组空腹胰岛素高于对照组,研究B组空腹胰岛素低于对照组(P 0.05);研究A组空腹胰岛素、HOMA-β高于研究B组,HbA1c低于研究B组(P 0.05);研究A组、B组空腹时、30 min、60 min胰岛素释放水平均低于对照组,180 min胰岛素释放水平高于对照组(P 0.05);研究A组120 min胰岛素释放水平高于对照组,研究B组低于对照组(P 0.05);研究A组空腹时、30 min、60 min、120 min、180 min胰岛素释放水平均高于研究B组(P 0.05)。结论 HbA1c检测及胰岛素释放试验可进一步分析胰岛素β细胞功能变化情况,可指导2型糖尿病的诊治。     

短期胰岛素强化治疗初诊2型糖尿病30例临床观察

目的:观察胰岛素强化治疗初诊2型糖尿病的疗效。方法:将60例初诊2型糖尿病患者分为胰岛素组和对照组各30例。胰岛素组给予优泌乐50简约强化降糖治疗4周后改为格列美脲口服,对照组给予格列美脲口服降糖;随访观察1年,比较两组患者体质指数(BMI)、血糖(BS)、糖化血红蛋白(HbA1c)及胰岛功能等指标以分析其疗效。结果:胰岛素组较治疗组1年后HbA1c、血糖显著降低,HOMA-β、△I30/△G30显著增大;胰岛素组更易诱导出"蜜月期"(P<0.05);胰岛素组较治疗组1年后BMI无统计学差异。结论:优泌乐50简约强化治疗初诊2型糖尿病患者能更好地缓解高血糖,改善胰岛功能,且不增加体重。     

益气养阴活血中药联合胰岛素泵治疗2型糖尿病的效果及其对患者胰岛功能的影响研究

目的研究益气养阴活血中药联合胰岛素泵治疗2型糖尿病的效果及其对患者胰岛功能的影响。方法将我院收治的98例2型糖尿病患者随机分为治疗组49例和对照组49例。对照组患者行胰岛素泵常规治疗,治疗组患者行益气养阴活血中药联合胰岛素泵治疗。评价两组患者的临床治疗效果,并于两组患者治疗前后检测血糖[空腹血糖(FBG)、餐后2 h血糖(2 h PG)、糖化血红蛋白(HbAlc)]和胰岛功能指标[胰岛素抵抗指数(Homa-IR)、胰岛素分泌指数(Homa-IS)、30min胰岛素增值(I30)/血糖增值(G30)(△I30/△G30)]。结论治疗组患者临床治疗总有效率为91.84%,对照组为81.64%,两组比较差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。治疗后,两组患者平均FBG、2 h PG、HbAlc指标值较治疗前均下降(P0.05),但治疗组各指标值的下降幅度均大于对照组(P0.05)。同时,治疗后,两组患者的Homa-IR指标值较治疗前均下降(P0.05),Homa-IS、△I30/△G30指标值较治疗前均升高(P0.05),但治疗组各指标值的改善幅度均大于对照组(P0.05)。结论益气养阴活血中药联合胰岛素泵治疗2型糖尿病的疗效显著,能有效提高患者血糖水平的控制效果,且能显著改善患者的胰岛功能。     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

The clinicopathological and immuohistochemical analysis of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas： report of 9 cases

Objective：To investigate the clinical features, pathological characteristics and immunophenotype of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas（SPTP）. Methods：Nine surgically treated cases of SPTP were retrospectively reviewed. Hematoxylin and Eosin（HE） staining and immunohistochemical staining were used to analyze all cases, and the general clinical data was collected. Results：Six patients were asymptomatic except for a palpable mass. Two patients complained of vague-epigastric pain. One patient appeared jaundice. The tumor was encapsulated and solid tissues alternately with cystic tissues. Histologically, the histological structure of solid portion was pseudopapillary with a fibrovascular core. Tumor cells were uniform and medium-sized which were arranged in sheets ets or nests or pseudopapillary patterns. Immunohistochemical studies demonstrated that SPTP proved positive in vimentin（9/9 cases）, AAT（9/9 cases）, NSE（9/9 cases）, ACT（7/9 cases）, CK20（2/9 cases）, CgA（1/9 cases）, S-100（3/gcases）, PR（4/gcases）, Syn（3/9 cases） and CD56（5/9cases）, negative in CEA and ER. Conclusion：SPTP is a tumor predominantly occurring in young women frequently without special symptoms. This tumor has various characteristical histological patterns with different immunophenotype.     

Scientific principles and rigorous processes should be followed in developing clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine

A clinical guideline for the therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine may be defined as a written document which states a series of recommendations on therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine for a special disease or condition. The guideline may provide assistance to medical professionals in making clinical decisions aimed at improving the clinical outcome of patients and reducing the costs of medical care（~＇4~. Recommendations issued by a guideline should be based on the best available evidence in both Western and Chinese medicine. For fulfilling this purpose, the development of clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions in the field of integrative medicine should follow scientific principles and undergo a rigorous processes.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.