硫化氢急性中毒大鼠肺组织细胞因子和核因子κB的改变及乌司他丁的影响

目的 探讨硫化氢(H2S)急性中毒大鼠肺组织TNF-α、IL-6、IL-10及核因子κB(NF-κB)的动态变化及乌司他丁(UTI)对其的影响.方法 将96只清洁级SD大鼠随机分为正常对照组(NS组,n=8),UTI对照组(UTI组,n=8),H2S染毒模型组(H2S组,n=40)和UTI干预组(H2S+UTI组,n=40),分别予以空气、H2S 及UTI.建模后在不同时点处死后采用ELISA法和RT-PCR法测定肺组织中IL-6、IL-10、TNF-α的水平和mRNA表达变化;RT-PCR法和Western blot法检测肺组织NF-κB mRNA和蛋白的表达;并观察肺组织病理学改变.结果 与NS组比较,2、6、12、24、48 h H2S组大鼠肺组织TNF-α、IL-6、IL-10水平和mRNA表达以及NF-κB mRNA和蛋白表达均明显升高(均P<0.01);与H2S组比较,H2S+UTI组2、6、12、24、48 h TNF-α、IL-6水平和mRNA表达以及NF-κB mRNA和蛋白表达均明显降低(P<0.05或0.01),IL-10水平和mRNA表达明显升高(均P<0.01).光镜下见H2S组在染毒后24h肺组织损害明显,H2S+UTI组肺损伤有所减轻.结论 H2S吸入性中毒可致急性肺损伤,早期肺组织中NF-κB表达增加,细胞因子TNF-α、IL-6及IL-10水平升高,而UTI干预能显著降低NF-κB表达及TNF-α、IL-6水平,提高抗炎因子IL-10水平,减轻肺损伤.     

还原型谷胱甘肽在不同潮气量机械通气对大鼠肺细胞凋亡的影响

目的探讨还原型谷胱甘肽对不同潮气量机械通气大鼠肺细胞凋亡的影响。方法将30只健康雄性SD大鼠随机分成对照组（A组,n=6）、正常通气组（B组,n=6）、过度通气组（C组,n=6）、正常通气组＋还原型谷胱甘肽（D组,n=6）及过度通气组＋还原型谷胱甘肽（E组,n=6）五组,D、E组在机械通气前5min阴茎背静脉注射还原型谷胱甘肽,各组大鼠通气时间均为4h。凋亡细胞的检测使用末端脱氧核苷酸转移酶介导的dUTP缺口标记技术,用免疫组织化学技术检测肺组织核转录因子-κB（NF—KB）的表达。ELISA法检测肺匀浆中肿瘤坏死因子-α（TNF-α）变化。结果C组肺组织中TNF-α含量与D、E比较明显增加,C组肺组织NF-κB的表达组与D、E组比较明显增加。C组肺组织中细胞凋亡明显高于D、E组。结论还原型谷胱甘肽能减少机械通气损伤中引起的肺组织的细胞凋亡。     

还原型谷胱甘肽对大鼠不同潮气量机械通气NF-κB、TNF-α蛋白表达影响

目的探讨还原型谷胱甘肽对大鼠不同潮气量机械通气对NF-κB、TNF-α表达影响。方法将30只健康雄性SD大鼠随机分成对照组（A组）、正常通气组（B组）、过度通气组（C组）、正常通气组＋还原型谷胱甘肽组（D组）、过度通气组＋还原型谷胱甘肽组（E组），D、E组在机械通气前5min阴茎背静脉注射还原型谷胱甘肽。各组大鼠通气时间均为4h。观察各组肺组织的病理改变，用干／湿重比值来比较肺水肿的程度，用免疫组织化学技术检测肺组织核转录因子NF-KB的表达，ELISA法检测肺匀浆中肿瘤坏死因子TNF-α变化。结果病理学改变C组与A、B、D，E组比较的肺组织有更多白细胞浸润和肺泡壁结构的破坏。C组肺组织中TNF-α含量与D、E组比较明显增加，C组肺组织NF-KB的表达与D、E组比较明显增加。结论还原型谷胱甘肽能减少大鼠不同潮气量机械通气中NF-κB、TNF-α表达，在一定程度上减少肺损伤。     

脂多糖诱导的急性炎症小鼠模型血清促炎因子与抑炎因子表达研究

目的:探讨脂多糖(LPS)诱导的急性炎症小鼠模型血清促炎因子、炎性因子表达情况。方法:将120只健康雄性ICR小鼠随机分为空白组、A组、B组和C组，各30只。分别给予A组、B组和C组小鼠经腹腔注射2、4 mg/kg和6 mg/kg LPS 0.9%氯化钠溶液，给予空白组小鼠等体积0.9%氯化钠溶液。建模成功后断头处死小鼠采集血液样本后检测血清中促炎因子[肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)、白细胞介素-1β(IL-1β)、IL-6、IL-18]、抑炎因子(IL-4、IL-10、IL-13),取肾脏和肺脏采用TUNEL染色法检测细胞凋亡情况，采用Western blot技术检测肾脏和肺脏组织中核因子-κB(NF-κB)、磷酸化NF-κB(pNF-κB)、Toll样受体4(TLR4)相对表达水平。结果:A组、B组和C组小鼠血清TNF-α、IL-1β、IL-6、IL-18、IL-4、IL-10、IL-13水平以及肺和肾脏组织细胞凋亡比例均显著高于空白组(均P<0.05)。随着LPS注射浓度增加，小鼠血清TNF-α、IL-1β、IL-6、IL-18、IL-4、IL-10、IL-13水平以及肺和...     

还原性谷胱甘肽对急性坏死性胰腺炎肺损伤的影响

目的:观察急性坏死性胰腺炎(ANP)大鼠肺组织核因子-κB(NF-κB)mRNA,细胞因子(TNF-α,IL-1β,IL-18),髓过氧化物酶(MPO)的变化,探讨还原性谷胱甘肽(GSH)治疗肺损伤的机制. 方法:72只Wistar大鼠随机分成3组: ANP组, GSH组,SO组(假手术组). 于术后6,12,18 h取肺组织供实验用. 免疫组化测定肺中IL-1β,IL-18,TNF-α的表达,比色法测定MPO的活性,RT-PCR检测NF-κB p65 mRNA的表达,胰、肺行组织学观察. 结果:ANP组肺组织NF-κB mRNA,IL-18, IL-1β,TNF-α,MPO的水平升高,NF-κB,IL-1β,TNF-α在12 h达高峰,与SO组相比各时间点均有统计学差异(P＜0.05). GSH治疗后IL-1β,IL-18,TNF-α在各时间点均降低,NF-κB mRNA,MPO在12 h降低(P＜0.05). 结论:ANP时NF-κB,IL-18,IL-1β,TNF-α及MPO均参与了肺损伤,GSH能够抑制肺NF-κB活化,促炎因子的表达及中性粒细胞的聚集,对肺损伤有保护作用.     

谷氨酰胺对脂多糖致急性肺损伤大鼠肺组织核因子-κB的影响

目的 探讨谷氨酰胺对脂多糖致急性肺损伤大鼠肺组织核因子(NF)-κB和肺组织病理学变化的影响.方法 静脉注射脂多糖(LPS)5mg/kg复制大鼠急性肺损伤模型.雄性SD大鼠50只,随机分为5组(n=10):对照组(A组);LPS组(B组);C、D、E组为谷氨酰胺+LPS组,分别于LPS注入前1 h、LPS注入同时、LPS注入后1h,静脉注射谷氨酰胺0.75g/kg.于注射LPS后4 h处死动物,测定肺组织NF-κB mRNA表达、肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)含量、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性以及丙二醛(MDA)含量,HE染色光镜观察肺组织病理变化.结果 与B组比较,C、D组不同程度逆转肺组织SOD活性的下降,抑制肺组织NF-κB mRNA、TNF-α及MDA水平的升高(P＜0.01),光镜下可见肺组织损伤明显减轻.E组上述指标改善不明显.结论 谷氨酰胺早期给药对脂多糖性急性肺损伤起保护效应,其机制与抑制肺组织NF-κB mRNA的过度表达,从而抑制肺部炎症反应有关.     

地塞米松对兔海水淹溺型急性肺损伤肺组织NF-κB活性改变的影响

目的探讨海水淹溺型急性肺损伤时NF-κB活性及TNF-α、IL-1β、IL-10等细胞因子表达量的改变以及地塞米松对其可能的影响。方法42只新西兰兔随机分成对照组(n=18)、模型组(n=12)和地塞米松治疗组(n=12)。模型组经气管插管灌注2ml/kg海水造成海水淹溺型急性肺损伤,地塞米松治疗组在造模同时经颈总动脉插管给予地塞米松1mg/kg。观察各组动物血气分析的动态变化,计算肺湿干质量比(W/D)、肺通透指数(LPI)。以非放射性凝胶迁移实验分析肺组织NF-κB活性,ELISA法检测肺组织TNF-α、IL-1β、IL-10浓度。H-E染色进行病理学检查,并计算肺病理评分(LPS)。结果与对照组比,模型组兔肺大体标本淤血水肿严重,体积明显增大,显微镜下可见炎性细胞浸润等急性肺损伤病理学征象;氧合指数迅速低至300mmHg(1mmHg=0.133kPa)以下,持续时间长达6h;W/D于海水灌注后3h达高峰,肺通透指数及肺病理评分以海水灌注后6h数值最高;肺组织NF-κB活性及TNF-α、IL-1β、IL-10等细胞因子表达量明显增高(P0.05,P0.01)。地塞米松治疗组病理学改变比对照组重,但比模型组轻;W/D、肺通透指数及肺病理评分也都比模型组低;氧合指数在海水灌注后6h亦得到明显改善;NF-κB活性及TNF-α、IL-1β、IL-10浓度均显著低于模型组(P0.05,P0.01)。结论地塞米松可抑制海水淹溺型急性肺损伤时肺组织NF-κB活性及TNF-α、IL-1β、IL-10等细胞因子的表达,减轻肺组织的炎症反应和病理损害。     

Sirt1通过去乙酰化NF-κB/p65减轻小鼠肺泡Ⅱ型上皮细胞脂多糖损伤

目的 研究酵母沉默信息调节因子2相关酶1(sirtuin type 1,Sirt1)在肺泡Ⅱ型上皮细胞(AECⅡ)脂多糖(LPS)损伤中对NF-κB的作用.方法 购买Sirt1过表达(Tg)小鼠和野生型(WT)小鼠,饲养、繁殖、鉴定新生小鼠基因型;通过qRT-PCR和Western blot鉴定Tg小鼠和WT小鼠肺组织Sirt1 mRNA和蛋白表达差异;两种不同Sirt1基因背景的小鼠LPS(15 mg/kg)腹腔注射12 h后,HE染色鉴定肺组织病理变化差异;分离纯化两种小鼠的AECⅡ并进行鉴定;两种不同Sirt1基因背景的AECⅡ用LPS 10 μg/mL处理后,分别在0、2、4、6、8、12、24 h用ELISA检测细胞上清液中白细胞介素石(IL-6)和肿瘤坏死因子-α(tumor necrosis factor-α,TNF-α)的水平;用LPS 10 μg/mL处理两种AECⅡ,同时设置生理盐水对照组,12 h后用Western blot鉴定细胞NF-κB/p65蛋白和乙酰化NF-κB/p65蛋白的表达差异.结果 新生小鼠有Tg和WT两种不同的基因型;Tg小鼠肺组织Sirt1 mRNA和蛋白的表达水平显著高于WT小鼠(P＜0.05);小鼠腹腔注射LPS 15 mg/kg 12 h后肺组织病理变化显示,Tg小鼠较WT小鼠肺组织损伤程度轻;两种AECⅡ用LPS 10μg/mL处理后,细胞上清液中IL-6和TNF-α的表达水平随时间推移呈现逐渐升高的趋势,Tg组AECⅡ细胞上清液中IL-6和TNF-α的表达水平在多个时间点都显著低于WT组(P＜0.05);两种AECⅡ经LPS(10 μg/mL)处理后,与各自的空白对照组相比Sirt1含量下降,且WT组AECⅡ下降更明显,LPS处理后WT组AECⅡ的NF-κB/p65和乙酰化NF-κB/p65的变化倍数均高于Tg组.结论 Sirt1可能通过去乙酰化NF-κB/p65参与调控AECⅡLPS炎症损伤,抑制急性呼吸窘迫综合征(acute respiratory distress syndrome,ARDS)小鼠肺部炎症反应.     

外源性一氧化碳释放分子2对急性肺损伤时肺部炎症反应的抑制作用

目的:探讨外源性一氧化碳释放分子(CORM)2对急性肺损伤 (ALI )时肺部炎症反应的抑制作用.方法:建立小鼠LPS吸入肺损伤模型.实验动物分成4组:对照组(n＝8),LPS吸入致ALI组(n＝15),ALI+无活性CORM-2组(n＝15)以及ALI+CORM-2组(n＝15).在自制的16 cm×8 cm雾化发生罐中雾化LPS(终浓度500 μg/ml),实验组小鼠在雾化罐中放置30 min,对照组小鼠置于单纯的生理盐水雾化罐30 min,ALI+CORM-2组小鼠尾静脉注射CORM-2(8 mg/kg).检测动物肺组织髓过氧化物酶(MPO)、核因子κB(NF-κB) 活性、细胞间粘附分子-1 (ICAM-1)的表达,肺泡灌洗液中TNF-α和IL-1β水平.结果:ALI组肺组织中MPO及NF-κB活性迅速增强,同时肺组织ICAM-1蛋白水平亦显著升高.CORM-2干预后肺组织MPO及NF-κB活性被明显抑制(P<0.05), ICAM-1蛋白表达量也被显著抑制(P<0.05).肺泡灌洗液中TNF-α和IL-1β水平在CORM-2干预后较ALI组明显下降(P<0.05).结论:外源性一氧化碳释放分子能明显抑制肺组织NF-κB活性,减轻ALI肺组织粘附分子的表达,从而减轻组织中白细胞扣留,有效减轻肺部炎症反应.     

IκBα基因转染抑制脂多糖诱导的小鼠炎症反应

目的:构建携带SAA3启动子的IκBα表达载体,观察其对NF-κB活性及脂多糖(LPS)诱导的小鼠炎症反应的影响,探讨脓毒症的治疗方法。方法:离体细胞实验:离体混合培养小鼠肝细胞和库普弗细胞,分为正常组、LPS处理组和LPS+基因转染组,LPS注射24 h后,测定各组细胞上清AST、ALT、LDH和TNF-α、IL-6水平。小鼠在体实验:(1)小鼠随机分为正常组、LPS处理组和LPS+基因转染组3组(n=10),小鼠腹腔注射250μg LPS或等量生理盐水,24 h后处死,取血清和肝组织测定TNF-α、IL-6水平。(2)小鼠随机分为LPS处理组和LPS+基因转染组(n=21),0、48 h二次注射150μg LPS,首次注射后不同时点(0、2、24、48、50、72、96 h)取肝组织测NF-κB和IκBα活性,以0 h测得值作为正常对照。(3)小鼠随机分为LPS处理组和LPS+基因转染组(n=20),腹腔注射350μg LPS后,继续饲养96 h,观察各时点(0、12、24、36、48、72、96 h)小鼠生存率。结果:与LPS组相比,LPS+基因转染组共培养细胞上清中AST、LDH和TNF-α、IL-6...     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

The clinicopathological and immuohistochemical analysis of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas： report of 9 cases

Objective：To investigate the clinical features, pathological characteristics and immunophenotype of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas（SPTP）. Methods：Nine surgically treated cases of SPTP were retrospectively reviewed. Hematoxylin and Eosin（HE） staining and immunohistochemical staining were used to analyze all cases, and the general clinical data was collected. Results：Six patients were asymptomatic except for a palpable mass. Two patients complained of vague-epigastric pain. One patient appeared jaundice. The tumor was encapsulated and solid tissues alternately with cystic tissues. Histologically, the histological structure of solid portion was pseudopapillary with a fibrovascular core. Tumor cells were uniform and medium-sized which were arranged in sheets ets or nests or pseudopapillary patterns. Immunohistochemical studies demonstrated that SPTP proved positive in vimentin（9/9 cases）, AAT（9/9 cases）, NSE（9/9 cases）, ACT（7/9 cases）, CK20（2/9 cases）, CgA（1/9 cases）, S-100（3/gcases）, PR（4/gcases）, Syn（3/9 cases） and CD56（5/9cases）, negative in CEA and ER. Conclusion：SPTP is a tumor predominantly occurring in young women frequently without special symptoms. This tumor has various characteristical histological patterns with different immunophenotype.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.