赛尼哌预防肾移植急性排斥反应的临床观察

目的探讨赛尼哌（Zenapax）在预防肾脏移植急性排斥反应的临床效果及其安全性。方法选择2002年～2005年5月接受尸体肾移植88例,术前HLA氨基酸残基配型均为2MM错配,淋巴毒交叉配型阴性。其中群体反应抗体阳性受者为A组（n=28）,其余随机分为赛尼哌治疗组B组（n=30）和对照组C组（n=30）,A和B组赛尼哌用单剂50mg诱导治疗,手术前2h静脉给药。所有受者在围手术期和术后均采用同样＂三联＂免疫抑制方案。结果3组之间的年龄、性别、ABO血型分布、供肾冷热缺血时间差异无显著性。急性排斥反应诊断标准依据临床表现,生化检验,超声波检查,肾移植术后3个月内,A组急性排斥发生率为14.3%（n=4）,B组急性排斥发生率为6.7%（n=2）,C组急性排斥发生率为16.7%（n=5）。使用赛尼哌B组急性排斥发生率明显低于不用赛尼哌组（P〈0.05）,并且赛尼哌组需要接受抗淋巴细胞球蛋白（ALG）治疗的患者少于不用赛尼哌组,胃肠道反应、血液系统的损害及感染发生率等方面差异无显著性。结论通过临床观察赛尼哌可减少急性排斥反应的发生率而不增加总体免疫抑制剂的副作用和感染的并发症,对于PRA阳性受者只要避免致敏的抗体,其治疗效果仍然是良好的。     

赛尼哌预防移植肾急性排斥反应的临床观察

目的 观察赛尼哌在预防肾移植术后急性排斥反应的效果.方法 选择首次同种异体肾移植病人100例,分为赛尼哌组和对照组两组,每组50例.所有患者术后均应用环孢素(CsA)和骁悉(MMF)、强的松(Pret)三联免疫抑制治疗.赛尼哌组在术前和术后分别增加1剂赛尼哌,观察肾移植后6个月急性排斥反应发生率和药物的安全性.结果 6个月内赛尼哌组和对照组发生急性排斥反应分别为4例(8%)和10例(20%),相比有显著性差异(P<0.05);在副作用方面赛尼哌组与对照组相比无显著性差异.结论 两剂赛尼哌联合应用环孢素、骁悉和强的松免疫抑制治疗方案对预防肾移植后急性排斥反应是安全、有效的.     

赛尼哌预防移植肾急性排斥反应临床观察

目的观察赛尼哌在预防肾移植术后急性排斥反应的效果。方法选择首次同种异体肾移植病人100例,分为赛尼哌组和对照组两组,每组50例。所有患者术后均应用环孢素(CsA)和骁悉(MMF)、泼尼松(Pret)三联免疫抑制治疗。赛尼哌组在术前和术后分别增加1剂赛尼哌,观察肾移植后6个月急性排斥反应发生率和药物的安全性。结果 6个月内赛尼哌组和对照组发生急性排斥反应分别为4例(8%)和10例(20%),相比有显著性差异(P<0.05);在不良反应方面赛尼哌组与对照组相比无显著性差异。结论两剂赛尼哌联合应用环孢素、骁悉和泼尼松免疫抑制治疗方案对预防肾移植后急性排斥反应是安全有效的。     

赛尼哌在肾移植免疫诱导治疗中的作用

【目的】评价应用赛尼哌(zenapax)作免疫抑制诱导治疗的疗效及安全性。【方法】2001年3月至2002年11月200例肾移植病人分为zenapax组(n=150)和对照组(n=50),前者采用zenapax作免疫抑制诱导治疗联合CsA／FK506 MMF Pred三联维持治疗,后者除不用zenapax外,余同前。观察两组术后过敏反应、急性排斥、感染及白细胞减低等并发症。【结果】Zenapax组和对照组均无过敏反应发生,各有9例发生急性排斥反应(发生率为6％和18％),两组比较差异有统计学意义;两组感染发生率分别为8.7％和10％(P>0.05);两组分别有7例和4例术后白细胞减低。【结论】Zenapax可明显降低肾移植后早期急性排斥反应发生,而不增加感染、白细胞减低等并发症,是一种安全有效的免疫诱导药物;其远期疗效有待于进一步观察。     

赛尼哌对同种异体肾移植急性排斥反应的预防作用

目的：探讨赛尼哌对同种异体肾移植术后急性排斥反应的预防作用。方法：以同期常规免疫抑制方案治疗的20例肾移植患者作为对照组，对术前联合应用1剂赛尼哌治疗的40例患者进行比较，观察急性排斥反应、药物副作用及术后感染等发生情况，时间为6个月。结果：赛尼哌治疗组6月内急性排斥反应发生率为25％，对照组55％，两组差异具有统计学意义。在药物副作用及术后感染发生率方面，治疗组与对照组差异无统计学意义。结论：术前联合应用赛尼哌治疗的免疫抑制方案可以降低急性排斥反应的发生率，改善移植肾功能，无明显不良反应，对同种异体肾移植急性排斥反应有明显的抑制作用。     

低剂量抗胸腺细胞球蛋白在肾移植免疫诱导治疗中的应用

目的 探讨低剂量抗胸腺细胞球蛋白(ATG)在同种异体肾移植早期排斥反应防治中应用的有效性和安全性.方法 239例同种异体肾移植患者临床资料纳入本项研究,根据应用ATG剂量的不同分为两组:A组(n=116),常规剂量ATG进行免疫诱导治疗,剂量为2 mg·kg-1·d-1,术后连续应用7～14 d;B组(n=123),肾移植患者接受低剂量ATG进行免疫诱导治疗,剂量为0.75 mg·kg-1·d-1,术后连续应用5～10 d.所有病例均接受常规三联免疫抑制治疗方案.对两组患者人肾存活状态、早期排斥反应发生情况、并发症发生率进行比对分析.结果 术后两组急性排斥反应发生率相比差异无统计学意义(P>0.05).术后6个月,A、B两组移植受者人肾存活率比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05).术后两组间1、3、6个月血肌酐水平相比差异亦无统计学意义.B组术后感染并发症发生率明显低于A组,组间比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.01).白细胞减少症和血小板减少症的发生率在两组间相比,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05).结论 应用ATG进行免疫诱导治疗可以有效防治同种异体肾移植术后早期排斥反应,低剂量ATG在有效发挥免疫诱导作用的同时可以降低感染、白细胞及血小板减少等并发症的发生率.     

诱导治疗对肾移植急性排斥反应的预防作用

目的观察诱导治疗对肾移植术后急性排斥反应的预防作用。方法45例肾移植患者行术前诱导治疗,其中组反应性抗体(PRA)阴性患者23例,行赛尼哌诱导治疗13例,ALG诱导治疗4例,OKT3诱导治疗6例;PRA阳性患者22例,行赛尼哌诱导治疗11例,ALG诱导治疗5例,OKT3诱导治疗6例。结果45例患者均行肾移植手术。23例PRA阴性患者中,术后3个月内无急性排斥反应发生,一年内急性排斥反应发生率为22%,与同期相同条件患者(26%)比较,差异无统计学意义;22例PRA阳性患者术后无超急排斥反应发生,1例(4.5%)发生加速排斥反应。术后3、6个月内急性排斥反应发生率分别为18.2和27.2%,与同期PRA阳性患者比较,差异无统计学意义;一年内人、肾存活率分别为90.9和81.8%,与术前无诱导治疗的PRA阳性患者(87.0、72.0%)比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01)。结论对于PRA阴性患者,诱导治疗预防肾移植术后急性排斥反应的作用不明显,但对PRA阳性患者,诱导治疗能有效预防急性排斥反应的发生,显著提高移植肾的长期存活率。     

2剂赛尼哌预防肾移植术后急性排斥反应的应用研究

目的 :探讨赛尼哌在预防同种肾异体移植术后急性排斥反应的作用。方法 :回顾分析了已随访 1年的 32例应用 2剂赛尼哌患者的临床效果 ,并以同期肾移植 92例作为对照组。结果 :赛尼哌组在 3月内急性排斥反应发生率 (3.1% )显著低于对照组 (2 3.9% ) (P <0 .0 5 ) ,在感染及副作用方面与对照组无显著性差异。结论 :2剂赛尼哌加上CsA ,MMP ,Pred联合应用的免疫抑制方案对预防同种尸体肾移植受者的急性排斥反应的发生是安全有效的。     

赛尼哌预防肾移植术后急性排斥反应的应用研究

目的:探讨赛尼哌诱导治疗,预防同种异体肾移植术后急性排斥的有效性和安全性.方法:回顾分析已随诊1年的46例应用赛尼哌的肾移植患者(赛尼哌组)临床效果,并以同期肾移植患者未用赛尼哌治疗的66例作为对照组,对照组未进行其它治疗.赛尼哌组(商品名:达利珠单抗;由上海罗氏制药有限公司提供).所有患者均在术中血管开放前1 h使用,第2剂用法相同,在术后第14天给药.对2组术后急性排斥反应、术后感染、白细胞减少等并发症发生情况.结果:赛尼哌组在3个月内急性排斥反应发生率8.6%.显著低于对照组(21.2%,P<0.05),差异有统计学意义.2组在感染及副作用发生率差异无统计学意义(P>0.05).结论:对2剂赛尼哌加上CsA、Pred,联合应用的急性抑制方案可以有效预防同种尸体肾移植患者的急性排斥反应的发生,能明显降低而不增加肾移植术后急性感染、白细胞减少等并发症.     

肾移植急性排斥前后外周血淋巴细胞Notch1表达的变化

目的 研究移植肾急性排斥反应前后外周血淋巴细胞Notch1的表达及意义.方法 40例肾移植受者按术后是否出现急性排斥反应分为排斥组(n=20)及无排斥组(n=20).应用流式细胞技术检测两组术前、术后排斥反应发生时及抗排斥治疗后的外周血淋巴细胞Notch1的表达,观测各组的Notch1阳性淋巴细胞率,对各组各时间点间的测得值进行比较分析.结果 排斥组在术后排斥发生时的Notch1阳性淋巴细胞率明显高于术前(t=4.245,P=0.000),也明显高于无排斥组(t=3.839,P=0.000),抗排斥治疗后明显下降(t=3.102,P=0.004);而无排斥组术后的Notch1阳性淋巴细胞率与术前无显著性差异(P=0.409);不同的免疫抑制方案间亦无显著性差异(P0.05).结论 监测外周血淋巴细胞Notch1的表达有助于诊断急性排斥反应,并可提示抗排斥治疗的效果.     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

The clinicopathological and immuohistochemical analysis of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas： report of 9 cases

Objective：To investigate the clinical features, pathological characteristics and immunophenotype of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas（SPTP）. Methods：Nine surgically treated cases of SPTP were retrospectively reviewed. Hematoxylin and Eosin（HE） staining and immunohistochemical staining were used to analyze all cases, and the general clinical data was collected. Results：Six patients were asymptomatic except for a palpable mass. Two patients complained of vague-epigastric pain. One patient appeared jaundice. The tumor was encapsulated and solid tissues alternately with cystic tissues. Histologically, the histological structure of solid portion was pseudopapillary with a fibrovascular core. Tumor cells were uniform and medium-sized which were arranged in sheets ets or nests or pseudopapillary patterns. Immunohistochemical studies demonstrated that SPTP proved positive in vimentin（9/9 cases）, AAT（9/9 cases）, NSE（9/9 cases）, ACT（7/9 cases）, CK20（2/9 cases）, CgA（1/9 cases）, S-100（3/gcases）, PR（4/gcases）, Syn（3/9 cases） and CD56（5/9cases）, negative in CEA and ER. Conclusion：SPTP is a tumor predominantly occurring in young women frequently without special symptoms. This tumor has various characteristical histological patterns with different immunophenotype.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.