姜黄素对Aβ_(25-35)诱导的PC12细胞caspase-3、caspase-8和caspase-9表达的影响

目的:探讨姜黄素对β淀粉样蛋白25-35(Aβ_(25-35))诱导的大鼠肾上腺嗜铬细胞瘤PC12细胞存活率、乳酸脱氢酶(LDH)释放率及凋亡的影响。方法:以Aβ_(25-35)作用于PC12细胞,分别采用MTT法和LDH试剂盒检测细胞的存活率和LDH释放率;实验随机分为空白对照组、模型组、姜黄素10μmol/L组和姜黄素20μmol/L组,采用流式细胞术及Annexin V-FITC/PI双染法检测凋亡情况,采用比色法和Western blot法检测凋亡相关蛋白胱天蛋白酶(caspase)-3、caspase-8和caspase-9的活性和表达。结果:与模型组比较,姜黄素可显著升高Aβ_(25-35)诱导的PC12细胞存活率,降低LDH释放率和凋亡率(P0.01);同时可显著降低caspase-3、caspase-8和caspase-9的活性和表达(P0.05或P0.01)。结论:姜黄素可显著抑制caspase-3、caspase-8和caspase-9的表达,从而抑制Aβ_(25-35)诱导的PC12细胞凋亡。     

丙酮酸通过抑制p38丝裂原激活蛋白激酶(p38MAPK)磷酸化减轻低氧对PC12细胞的损伤北大核心CSCD

目的观察丙酮酸对低氧诱导神经细胞损伤的保护作用及机制。方法采用丙酮酸处理PC12细胞,10 m L/L O2的低氧环境暴露12、24、48 h。MTT法观察细胞增殖情况,检测胱天蛋白酶3(caspase-3)活性观察细胞凋亡情况,ELISA检测白细胞介素1β(IL-1β)、IL-6、肿瘤坏死因子α(TNF-α)的水平,Western blot法检测p38丝裂原激活蛋白激酶(p38MAPK)、磷酸化的p38MAPK(p-p38MAPK)蛋白水平。结果低氧暴露24、48 h,抑制PC12细胞增殖,caspase-3活性增强,IL-1β、IL-6、TNF-α和p-p38MAPK水平增高;丙酮酸处理可显著增加PC12细胞增殖,减少细胞凋亡,降低IL-1β、IL-6、TNF-α水平,抑制p38MAPK的磷酸化水平。结论丙酮酸通过抑制p38MAPK的磷酸化而抑制低氧暴露引起PC12细胞炎症因子的表达,对低氧暴露导致的神经元损伤起保护作用。     

香椿子多酚通过p38 MAPK通路抑制6-OHDA诱导的神经炎症反应

目的:研究香椿子多酚(PTSS)通过调节p38促分裂原活化蛋白激酶(p38 MAPK)信号通路抑制神经毒素6-羟多巴胺(6-OHDA)所诱导的PC12细胞帕金森病(PD)模型的神经炎症反应。方法:将PC12细胞分为四组:对照组、模型组(6-OHDA 100μmol/L)、PTSS低剂量组(6-OHDA+PTSS 100μmol/L)、PTSS高剂量组(6-OHDA+PTSS 200μmol/L)。倒置显微镜下观察各组PC12细胞形态学的变化;采用细胞计数CCK-8法检测细胞活性;免疫细胞化学染色法和Western Blot检测诱导性一氧化氮合酶(iNOS)、环氧化酶-2(COX-2)、核因子κB p65(NF-κB p65)、p38 MAPK和p-p38 MAPK的表达变化。结果:(1)细胞形态观察显示:与对照组相比,6-OHDA模型组细胞胞体出现空泡,皱缩变形颜色暗淡,部分细胞折光性增高,细胞死亡数目明显增多,细胞聚集成片。PTSS低剂量组,细胞状态明显改善。(2)模型组PC12细胞活力显著降低,而PTSS能有效抑制PC12细胞活力的降低(P0.05),PTSS低剂量组比高剂量组改善效果更为显著(P0.05)。(3)与对照组比较,模型组细胞iNOS、COX-2、NF-κB p65、p38 MAPK和p-p38 MAPK表达明显升高,而PTSS组上述分子表达明显降低。结论:PTSS可有效逆转6-OHDA导致的PC12细胞损伤,其机制可能与下调p38 MAPK信号通路从而抑制神经炎症反应有关。     

雌激素减轻H2O2诱导PC12细胞凋亡

目的观察雌激素对H2O2诱导细胞凋亡的作用,探讨雌激素保护作用机制。方法在PC12细胞建立H2O2诱导细胞凋亡的实验模型。用MTT法检测细胞存活率,比色法测定乳酸脱氢酶(LDH)活性,Hoechst染色检测细胞凋亡,碘化丙啶(PI)染色流式细胞术检测细胞凋亡率,比色法测定caspase-3活性。结果H2O2明显降低PC12细胞的存活率,使LDH释放增加,促进细胞凋亡,并能明显地升高caspase-3的活性。雌激素能显著地减轻上述变化。结论雌激素对抗H2O2诱导的细胞凋亡,抑制caspase-3的激活是其细胞保护机制之一。     

p38 MAPK-iNOS-NO通路介导化学性缺氧对PC12细胞的损伤作用

目的:探讨诱导型一氧化氮合酶/一氧化氮(iNOS/NO)是否介导了氯化钴(CoCl2)引起的PC12细胞损伤及p38 MAPK对其调节作用。方法:应用化学性低氧模拟剂CoCl2处理PC12细胞建立化学性缺氧损伤模型。应用细胞计数试剂盒-8(CCK-8)比色法检测细胞存活率;Hochest33258核染色法观察细胞凋亡的形态学改变;Western blotting法检测iNOS蛋白的表达水平;Griess试剂盒检测细胞培养基中亚硝酸盐(NO的代谢物)的浓度。结果:应用600μmol/L CoCl2处理PC12细胞24 h可使iNOS表达明显增多;应用600μmol/L CoCl2处理PC12细胞24 h和48 h可使细胞培养基里NO增多;在CoCl2损伤PC12细胞前60 min应用iNOS抑制剂L-canavanine(10μmol/L)预处理能保护PC12细胞对抗600μmol/L CoCl2引起的损伤,使细胞存活率升高,凋亡细胞数目减少;SB203580(p38 MAPK选择性抑制剂)预处理60 min可下调CoCl2引起的iNOS高表达。结论:p38 MAPK-iNOS-NO通路介导CoCl2引起PC12细胞的损伤作用。     

地塞米松通过下调PC12大鼠嗜铬细胞瘤细胞葡萄糖的摄取诱导细胞凋亡

目的观察地塞米松(DEX)诱导PC12大鼠嗜铬瘤细胞凋亡及对葡萄糖摄取的影响。方法体外培养的PC12细胞随机分为正常对照组、10μmol/L DEX组、100μmol/L DEX组。MTT法测细胞存活率,DAPI荧光染色、线粒体膜通透性转换孔(mPTP)、capase-3、caspase-9活性测定细胞凋亡。葡萄糖氧化酶-过氧化物酶法测葡萄糖的摄取率,Western blot法检测葡萄糖转运子3(GLUT-3)的表达。结果与正常对照组比较,DEX作用PC12细胞48 h,DEX组细胞活力下降、引起细胞凋亡;DEX组葡萄糖的摄取下降,GLUT-3蛋白水平下降(P0.05)。结论 DEX可以诱导PC12细胞凋亡,其机制可能与DEX引起细胞GLUT-3蛋白表达水平下降引起葡萄糖摄取下降有关。     

丹参酮IIA通过抑制p38 MAPK通路减轻PM2.5对血管内皮细胞的损伤

 目的: 探讨PM2.5对EA.hy926型人脐静脉内皮细胞损伤的影响及丹参酮ⅡA在这一过程中的作用及机制。方法: 采集广州城区大气PM2.5并以不同质量浓度(0、20、200、400 mg/L)染毒EA.hy926细胞24 h,MTT法测细胞存活率,流式细胞术测细胞凋亡,Western blot法测p-p38 MAPK、Bax和Bcl-2的蛋白水平,ELISA法测白细胞介素-6(IL-6)及肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)含量,并测定细胞丙二醛(MDA)含量、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)及乳酸脱氢酶(LDH)活性;分别加入丹参酮ⅡA(5、10、20μ mol/L)和p38 MAPK通路特异性阻滞剂SB20358020μ mol/L检测丹参酮ⅡA的干预作用及机制。结果: 与对照组比较,PM2.5染毒后呈剂量依赖性降低EA.hy926细胞的存活率,上调p-p38 MAPK蛋白水平及Bax/Bcl-2蛋白比率以促进细胞凋亡,诱导分泌IL-6及TNF-α,降低SOD活性,增加MDA含量及LDH活性,差异均有统计学显著性(P<0.05);丹参酮ⅡA呈剂量依赖性增加EA.hy926细胞的存活率,下调p-p38 MAPK蛋白水平及Bax/Bcl-2蛋白比率以抑制细胞凋亡,降低IL-6及TNF-α含量,增加SOD活性,降低MDA含量及LDH活性,差异均有统计学显著性(P<0.05)。结论: 丹参酮ⅡA可通过抑制p38 MAPK通路,减轻PM2.5对EA.hy926细胞的损伤。     

一氧化氮和caspase-3在多巴胺诱导PC12细胞

目的：探讨一氧化氮（NO）和半胱氨酸蛋白酶3（caspase-3）在多巴胺诱导PC12细胞凋亡中的可能作用。方法：流式细胞仪定量检测PC12细胞的凋亡率,原位末端标记法（TUNEL）观察凋亡细胞的形态,Griess法测定NO₂^-的浓度,荧光分光光度计法检测caspase-3的活力,半定量RT-PCR法检测诱导型一氧化氮合酶（iNOS）mRNA的表达水平。结果：多巴胺（0.15-0.60 mmol/L）可剂量依赖性地诱导PC12细胞凋亡,表现为凋亡细胞的TUNEL染色阳性;iNOS mRNA的表达、NO的合成及caspase-3的活力均有明显的增加（P<0.01）;特异性的iNOS抑制剂aminoguanidine和caspase-3抑制剂Ac-DEVD-CHO通过减少NO的生成和抑制caspase-3的激活阻断PC12细胞凋亡。结论：NO的生成可能是多巴胺诱导PC12细胞凋亡的触发因子,caspase-3的激活是其中的效应因子。     

Manumycin诱导细胞凋亡抑制乳腺癌细胞SK-BR-3活性

目的:研究manumycin对乳腺癌腹腔转移癌细胞株SK-BR-3的抑癌效应及其诱导凋亡。方法:用MTT法检测manumycin对SK-BR-3细胞的抑癌作用。免疫印迹方法检测p38 MAPK蛋白表达。用caspase-3活性检测试剂盒定量检测manumycin诱导细胞凋亡的水平及评估特异性的p38 MAPK抑制剂SB203580对凋亡的影响。结果:经6 μmol/L、18 μmol/L、54 μmol/L manumycin处理SK-BR-3细胞24 h时,其抑制率分别为(7.4±3.9)%、(21.0±4.4)%和(64.7±4.1)%,呈量效关系。其中后2者的细胞活性与对照组比有显著差异(P<0.01)。用药24 h的IC₅₀为42.5 μmol/L。同时此药物可明显增加caspase-3的活性,且这一效应可部分地被p38抑制剂SB203580阻断。免疫印迹结果显示manumycin促进p38的磷酸化。结论:manumycin可通过诱导SK-BR-3细胞凋亡而产生抑癌作用,p38 MAPK是manumycin诱导细胞凋亡的通路之一。     

沉默Apaf-1 基因对氧糖剥夺/ 复氧复糖PC12 细胞线粒体凋亡通路的影响

目的:探讨RNA干扰沉默Apaf-1基因对氧糖剥夺/复氧复糖PC12细胞线粒体凋亡通路的影响。方法:PC12细胞随机分为3组:正常组(Control)、模型组(Model)、Apaf-1基因沉默组(Apaf-1-siRNA)。正常组于CO2培养箱内正常培养,其余2组给予氧糖剥夺2 h、复氧复糖24 h处理,Apaf-1-siRNA组于造模前将化学合成的siRNA通过脂质体转染于PC12细胞靶向沉默Apaf-1基因。用荧光标记的siRNA检测Apaf-1转染效率,Western blot检测转染后PC12细胞Apaf-1蛋白表达,CCK-8检测细胞存活率,TUNEL染色检测细胞凋亡指数,流式细胞术检测细胞凋亡率,免疫荧光染色检测Bax/Bcl-2比值,Western blot检测线粒体凋亡通路关键蛋白Apaf-1、caspase-9、caspase-3表达。结果:Apaf-1-siRNA可有效沉默PC12细胞Apaf-1蛋白表达(P<0.05)。与Control组相比,Model组细胞存活率明显降低(P<0.05),细胞凋亡指数和凋亡率显著升高(P<0.05),Bax/Bcl-2比值升高(P<0.05),线粒体凋亡通路关键蛋白Apaf-1、caspase-9、caspase-3表达显著升高(P<0.05);与Model组相比,Apaf-1-siRNA组细胞存活率显著升高(P<0.05),细胞凋亡指数和凋亡率显著降低(P<0.05),Bax/Bcl-2比值降低(P<0.05),Apaf-1、caspase-9、caspase-3蛋白表达均明显降低(P<0.05)。结论:靶向沉默Apaf-1基因可有效降低氧糖剥夺/复氧复糖PC12细胞线粒体凋亡通路关键蛋白Apaf-1、caspase-9、caspase-3表达,抑制细胞凋亡,提高细胞存活率。     

p38 MAPK在顺铂诱导肾小管上皮细胞凋亡中的作用

目的:探讨p38 MAPK在顺铂诱导大鼠近端肾小管上皮细胞(RPTC)凋亡中的作用。方法:首先采用Western blot实验检测0、5、10和20μmol/L顺铂处理24 h对细胞凋亡的影响,确定最佳处理剂量;而后采用20μmol/L顺铂联合50 mg/L p38 MAPK抑制剂SB203580刺激RPTC,实验分为对照组、顺铂组及顺铂+SB203580(加入SB203580处理RPTC 1 h后再给予顺铂处理24 h)。采用相差荧光显微镜观察和流式细胞术分析顺铂处理后RPTC的凋亡情况;采用Ac-DEVD-AFC试剂盒检测RPTC裂解液中的caspase活性;Western blot实验检测p38、磷酸化p38、cleaved PARP和cleaved caspase-3等的蛋白水平;pH计检测顺铂处理后RPTC外环境pH值改变。结果:20μmol/L顺铂处理RPTC 24 h,可以明显诱导细胞凋亡;顺铂处理15 min后RPTC中p38 MAPK开始磷酸化并达到高峰。顺铂处理后12.08%的RPTC呈凋亡形态,具有增强的caspase活性,并且cleaved PARP和cleaved caspase-3水平明显升高(P0.05);p38 MAPK抑制剂SB203580可抑制p38的磷酸化,降低RPTC的凋亡率和caspase活性,并减少cleaved PARP和cleaved caspase-3的蛋白水平。同时,SB203580可逆转顺铂诱导的RPTC培养基pH值的改变。结论:p38 MAPK的磷酸化在顺铂诱导的RPTC凋亡中发挥作用。顺铂诱导RPTC凋亡后,可改变细胞外酸性环境,并可被p38 MAPK抑制剂SB203580所抑制。     

Manumycin通过诱导细胞凋亡抑制人胰腺导管癌细胞Panc-1活性

目的：观察manumycin对人胰腺导管癌细胞Panc-1的抑制效应，并探讨其诱导细胞凋亡是否经p38MAPK介导。 方法： 用MTT法检测manumycin对Panc-1细胞的抑癌作用。用caspase-3活性检测试剂盒定量检测manumycin诱导细胞凋亡的水平及评估特异性的p38MAPK抑制剂SB203580对它的影响。 结果： 经manumycin(6 μmol/L、18 μmol/L、54 μmol/L)处理Panc-1细胞24 h,对Panc-1细胞生长具有明显的抑制作用，其抑制率分别为8.9%、21.9%和67.0%，其中后二者的细胞活性与对照组相比有显著差异(P<0.01)，呈量效关系。用药24 h的IC50为34.7 μmol/L。同时，此药物可明显增加caspase-3的活性，且这一效应可部分地被p38抑制剂SB203580阻断。 结论： Manumycin可通过诱导Panc-1细胞凋亡而产生抑癌作用，p38MAPK是manumycin诱导细胞凋亡的通路之一。     

TPX2通过p38 MAPK信号通路诱导直肠癌HR-8348细胞凋亡

目的:研究下调非洲爪蟾驱动蛋白样蛋白2靶蛋白(TPX2)对直肠癌细胞凋亡的影响及机制。方法:用TPX2小干扰RNA(si RNA)转染直肠癌HR-8348细胞,记为TPX2 si RNA组;以不做转染的细胞作为正常对照(control)组;以转染si RNA阴性对照(si RNA-NC)的细胞作为si RNA-NC组;用p38 MAPK抑制剂处理敲减TPX2表达后的直肠癌HR-8348细胞记为TPX2 si RNA+SB203580组。RT-qPCR和Western blot测定TPX2的表达水平,MTT法测定细胞存活率,流式细胞术测定细胞凋亡,Western blot测定细胞中p38 MAPK、p-p38 MAPK、cleaved caspase-3和Bcl-2的蛋白水平。结果:TPX2 si RNA转染后HR-8348细胞中TPX2的m RNA和蛋白表达水平显著下降(P 0. 05),而转染si RNA-NC对HR-8348细胞中TPX2的m RNA和蛋白水平没有影响。敲减TPX2表达后的直肠癌HR-8348细胞存活率降低,凋亡率升高,细胞中的cleaved caspase-3、p-p38 MAPK/p38 MAPK蛋白水平明显升高,Bcl-2水平水平降低,与control组比较,差异有统计学意义(P 0. 05)。与TPX2 si RNA组相比,TPX2 si RNA+SB203580组的HR-8348细胞凋亡率、cleaved caspase-3水平和p-p38 MAPK/p38 MAPK蛋白水平明显降低,存活率明显升高(P 0. 05)。结论:TPX2表达下调可以通过激活p38 MAPK促进直肠癌HR-8348细胞凋亡。     

Nitric oxide induces extensive apoptosis in endometrial epithelial cells in the presence of progesterone: involvement of mitogen-activated protein kinase pathways

During trophoblast invasion, luminal and glandular endometrial epithelial cells (EEC) have been found to undergo apoptosis through undetermined mechanisms. We postulate that nitric oxide (NO) and progesterone may mediate apoptosis in EEC because they are produced by trophoblasts at concentrations that can cause apoptosis in non-uterine cells. Using a cultured EEC line, RL95-2, we found that sodium nitroprusside (SNP) or S-nitroso-N-acetylpenicillamine (SNAP), two commonly used NO-releasing agents, caused the death of EEC in a dose-dependent manner and progesterone markedly enhanced NO-induced cytotoxicity. Cells treated with NO/progesterone showed a significant increase in the percentage of condensed nuclei, as detected by DAPI staining, and in caspase-3 activity, indicating that these cells underwent apoptosis. Immunoblot analysis revealed that SNP/NO could activate extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) and, to a lesser extent, p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK). While pretreatment with PD98059 (an ERK inhibitor) did not prevent cell death, the addition of SB203580 (a p38 MAPK inhibitor) effectively rescued the cells from NO/progesterone treatment. Moreover, SNP/NO-induced p38 MAPK activation was significantly up-regulated by progesterone. Our results demonstrate that NO and progesterone may synergistically activate p38 MAPK to induce apoptosis in EEC, a process that may facilitate implantation.     

HYPOXIA INDUCES APOPTOSIS BY CASPASE ACTIVATION ACCOMPANYING CYTOCHROME C RELEASE FROM MITOCHONDRIA IN MC3T3E1 OSTEOBLASTS. p38 MAPK IS RELATED IN HYPOXIA-INDUCED APOPTOSIS

The aim of this study is to elucidate the possible mechanism of apoptosis in response to hypoxia in MC3T3E1 osteoblasts. MC3T3E1 osteoblasts under hypoxic conditions (2% oxygen) resulted in apoptosis in a time-dependent manner estimated by DNA fragmentation assay and nuclear morphology stained with fluorescent dye, Hoechst 33258. Pretreatment with Z-VAD-FMK, a pan-caspase inhibitor, or Z-DEVD-CHO, a specific caspase-3 inhibitor, completely suppressed the DNA ladder in response to hypoxia. An increase in caspase-3-like protease (DEVDase) activity was observed during apoptosis, but no caspase-1 activity (YVADase) was detected. To confirm what caspases are involved in apoptosis, western blot analysis was performed using anticaspase-3 or -6 antibody. The 10-kDa protein, corresponding to the active products of caspase-3 and the 10-kDA protein of the active protein of caspase-6 were generated in hypoxia-challenged cells in which processing of the full length form of caspase-3 and -6 was evident. With a time course similar to this caspase-3 and -6 activation was evident, hypoxic stress caused the cleavage of lamin A, typical of caspase-6 activity. In addition, the stress elicited the release of cytochrome c into the cytosol during apoptosis. Furthermore, we have observed that pre-treatment with SB203580, a selective p38 MAP kinase (p38 MAPK) inhibitor, attenuated the hypoxia-induced apoptosis. The addition of SB203580 suppressed caspase-3 and -6-like protease activity by hypoxia up to 50%. In contrast, PD98059 had no effect on the hypoxia-induced apoptosis. To confirm the involvement of MAP kinase, JNK/SAPK, ERK, or p38 kinase assay was performed. Although p38 MAPK was activated in response to hypoxic treatment, the other MAP kinase -JNK/SAPK or ERK- was not or modestly activated. These results suggest that p38 MAPK positively regulates hypoxia-induced apoptosis in MC3T3E1 osteoblasts.     

HYPOXIA INDUCES APOPTOSIS BY CASPASE ACTIVATION ACCOMPANYING CYTOCHROME C RELEASE FROM MITOCHONDRIA IN MC3T3E1 OSTEOBLASTS. p38 MAPK IS RELATED IN HYPOXIA-INDUCED APOPTOSIS

The aim of this study is to elucidate the possible mechanism of apoptosis in response to hypoxia in MC3T3E1 osteoblasts. MC3T3E1 osteoblasts under hypoxic conditions (2% oxygen) resulted in apoptosis in a time-dependent manner estimated by DNA fragmentation assay and nuclear morphology stained with fluorescent dye, Hoechst 33258. Pretreatment with Z-VAD-FMK, a pan-caspase inhibitor, or Z-DEVD-CHO, a specific caspase-3 inhibitor, completely suppressed the DNA ladder in response to hypoxia. An increase in caspase-3-like protease (DEVDase) activity was observed during apoptosis, but no caspase-1 activity (YVADase) was detected. To confirm what caspases are involved in apoptosis, western blot analysis was performed using anticaspase-3 or -6 antibody. The 10-kDa protein, corresponding to the active products of caspase-3 and the 10-kDA protein of the active protein of caspase-6 were generated in hypoxia-challenged cells in which processing of the full length form of caspase-3 and -6 was evident. With a time course similar to this caspase-3 and -6 activation was evident, hypoxic stress caused the cleavage of lamin A, typical of caspase-6 activity. In addition, the stress elicited the release of cytochrome c into the cytosol during apoptosis. Furthermore, we have observed that pre-treatment with SB203580, a selective p38 MAP kinase (p38 MAPK) inhibitor, attenuated the hypoxia-induced apoptosis. The addition of SB203580 suppressed caspase-3 and -6-like protease activity by hypoxia up to 50%. In contrast, PD98059 had no effect on the hypoxia-induced apoptosis. To confirm the involvement of MAP kinase, JNK/SAPK, ERK, or p38 kinase assay was performed. Although p38 MAPK was activated in response to hypoxic treatment, the other MAP kinase -JNK/SAPK or ERK- was not or modestly activated. These results suggest that p38 MAPK positively regulates hypoxia-induced apoptosis in MC3T3E1 osteoblasts.