慢性化脓性中耳炎及中耳胆脂瘤术前颞骨 CT 及耳内镜评估的意义

目的探讨颞骨CT及耳内镜对慢性化脓性中耳炎静止期及中耳胆脂瘤术前评估的重要性。方法回顾性分析慢性化脓性中耳炎静止期及中耳胆脂瘤患者42耳病历资料,从CT、耳内镜及术中发现进行分析。结果①根据CT结合术中所见,慢性化脓性中耳炎静止期CT分型分为单纯型、硬化灶型、肉芽型、硬化灶肉芽型。胆脂瘤型CT主要表现为听骨链消失或锤砧关节消失,乳突大部分呈硬化型,少部分为板障型,上鼓室鼓窦扩大,上鼓室、中鼓室甚至后鼓室乳突腔为软组织影占据,部分病例外半规管骨质破坏、面神经管水平段骨质破坏,部分病例外耳道后壁骨质破坏;单纯型CT示中耳鼓室乳突呈不完全气化型;硬化灶型CT示中耳鼓室乳突呈硬化型,病变局限于中鼓室,锤骨柄及镫骨周围有“类似骨质影”包裹;肉芽型、硬化灶肉芽型CT相似,示病变累及鼓室及乳突,听骨链基本完整,面神经管水平段骨质完整,但硬化灶型与肉芽型区别之处在于前者鼓室内听骨链周围有“类骨质”样散在高密度影。②耳内镜所见慢性化脓性中耳炎静止期鼓膜紧张部穿孔,鼓膜可有钙化斑;中耳胆脂瘤型则有上鼓室内陷或穿孔、后上象限穿孔、大穿孔、外耳道顶壁或后上壁下塌。结论慢性化脓性中耳炎静止期及中耳胆脂瘤的术前CT及耳内镜评估,对病变性质、范围、程度及指导手术起重要作用。     

胆脂瘤型中耳炎并发面神经麻痹的临床诊治体会

目的 探讨胆脂瘤型中耳炎并面瘫的手术处理及术后面神经功能恢复情况.方法 回顾性分析该院1998年1月～2008年6月36例因胆脂瘤型中耳炎并面瘫而行面神经减压手术的完整病例资料,33例行开放式乳突根治术,3例行闭合式乳突根治术,随访2年,以House-Brackmann(H-B)分级法作为疗效评估标准.结果 34例面神经骨管不同程度破坏,大部分位于水平段(22例),锥曲段4例,垂直段3例,水平段与锥段同时受损4例,水平段、锥段、垂直段全部受损仅1例.36例面神经功能均有不同程度恢复,80%恢复至H-BⅡ级以上,92%恢复至Ⅲ级以上.结论 胆脂瘤型中耳炎并面瘫,面神经减压是一种有效的治疗手段,手术应尽早实施,面瘫后1个月内手术面神经功能恢复较好.     

乳突根治术并发可逆性面瘫临床分析

乳突与面神经的关系极为密切 ,面瘫是乳突根治术常见的并发症 ,但部分面瘫是可以恢复的。本文回顾了我院 1988～ 1998年收治的因乳突根治术并发的可逆性面瘫 18例 ,以探讨这种可逆性面瘫的病因及转归。1　资料与方法1.1　一般资料全部病例均诊断为慢性化脓性中耳炎 (胆脂瘤型 ) ,其中男 11例 ,女 7例 ;年龄为 14～ 5 9岁。面瘫出现时间 :局部注射后出现者 5例 ,术后 1～ 8ｄ出现者 13例。1.2　方法全部病例均局麻下行乳突根治术 ,18例病人中 ,5例局麻注射后即出现面瘫 ,8例术中探查发现有部分面神经管缺损 ,另 5例面神经管完整 ,但 5例中有 …     

慢性化脓性中耳炎及胆脂瘤中耳炎术前HRCT对面神经管裸露的诊断价值

目的:探讨高分辨率CT((High-Resolusion CT,HRCT)在术前评价慢性化脓性中耳炎及胆脂瘤中耳炎面神经管裸露的诊断价值?方法:前瞻性纳入并经手术证实的化脓性中耳炎及胆脂瘤中耳炎40例,全部病例均行HRCT检查,行横断位?冠状位重建,结合MPR旋转斜位显示面神经管各段?分析面神经各段有无裸露及裸露范围,与术中所见比较?结果:HRCT诊断面神经鼓室段有无裸露敏感度?特异度?准确度为66%?70%?80%;迷路段?前膝部?乳突段诊断准确度均为100%?合计敏感度?特异度?准确度为91%?92%?95%?结论:HRCT横断位?冠状位重建图像结合MPR斜位观察对慢性化脓性中耳炎及胆脂瘤中耳炎致面神经管迷路段?前膝部?鼓室段?乳突段裸露诊断准确率高,鼓室段敏感度?特异度稍低?术前评价面神经管有无裸露具有重要参考价值?     

中耳乳突术中对裸露面神经的观察和处理（附248耳报告）

目的：探讨慢性化脓性中耳炎与面神经的关系以及中耳手术的安全性。方法：于中耳乳突术中，有意识在8－20倍显微镜下仔细探查248耳的面神经骨管，观察有无损伤、破坏及面神经骨管裂缝。结果：248耳中，术前无面瘫，术中发现面神经裸露83耳，术前有面瘫，术中发现面神经裸露16耳，共99耳。面神经裸露率为39．9％，面瘫发生率为6．4％。术前无面瘫，术中发现面神经裸露83耳中，虽神经裸露，但神经鞘膜均完整。其中面神经水平段骨管破坏，面神经裸露72耳86．7％。术前面瘫的16耳，面神经损伤均发生在水平段。结论：无面瘫的慢性化脓性中耳炎常有面神经骨管已受破坏，面神经裸露于手术区。在中耳手术中必须有足够的重视。     

中耳胆脂瘤累及面神经的临床分析

目的 探讨中耳胆脂瘤累及面神经的临床特点及处理措施。方法 回顾分析2015年6月—2016年 10月西北大学附属医院手术治疗的95例中耳胆脂瘤患者的面神经受累情况。所有患者术前行颞骨薄层CT检查。对术前伴有面瘫者或面神经肿胀明显、表面肉芽组织黏连者术中同时行面神经减压术。手术前后均采用House-Brackmann（HB）评分系统对患者的面神经功能进行评价。术后随访3～6个月。结果 95例患者中,38例（40%）面神经骨管部分破坏缺损,其中位于膝状神经节+水平段1例（2.63%）,水平段29例（76.32%）,水平段+垂直段4例（10.53%）,垂直段4例（10.53%）。6例患者术前伴发面瘫,术后6个月5例恢复至HBⅠ级,1例恢复至HBⅡ级。其余89例中,86例术后面神经功能正常,3例在术后3～5 d出现迟发性面瘫,经保守治疗3个月后均恢复正常。结论 中耳胆脂瘤累及面神经时,面神经水平段骨管最易受损;术前伴发面瘫时应尽快手术并同时行面神经减压术,乳突开放手术为首选术式;对术前无面瘫,但面神经肿胀明显者,也应同时行面神经减压术;有面神经骨管缺损时,术腔填塞不应太紧,以防压迫面神经出现面瘫。     

耳源性面神经麻痹42例临床分析

慢性化脓性中耳炎的炎症侵袭和颞骨内手术损伤,是引起面神经麻痹的重要原因之一。据国内文献报道,耳源性面神经麻痹占面神经麻痹的26.4％。因此,应该重视防止耳源性面神经麻痹的发生以及发生后的处理。现对42例耳源性面神经麻痹进行分析讨论:临床资料本组42例。男性25例,女性17例。左耳22例,右耳20例。引起面神经麻痹的原因是慢性化脓性中耳乳突炎急性发作(19例),中耳乳突术后水肿压迫(9例),中耳乳突手术损伤面神经(14例,其中鼓室成形术2例,损伤水平段4例,膝部5例,垂直段4例,不     

中耳乳突术后迟发性面瘫的临床分析

中耳乳突术后迟发性面瘫临床上报道甚少 ,我科自 1991～ 2 0 0 0年诊治 11例 ,报告如下。1　临床资料1.1　一般资料　本组 11例 ,男性 5例 ,女性 6例 ,年龄 17～45岁 ,平均 31.2± 7.4岁。所患疾病为胆脂瘤型中耳炎 4例 ,骨疡型中耳炎 4例 ,单纯型中耳炎 3例 ;其中左耳 7例 ,右耳4例。 11例均行手术治疗 :乳突根治术 3例 ,联合进路鼓室成形 4例 ,鼓膜修补 1例 ,鼓室探查 +鼓室成型 型 3例。1.2　手术情况　手术均在强化加局麻下进行 ,注射麻药后未发现面瘫。术中发现面神经骨管裂缺 ,面神经部分暴露 ,无明显水肿 2例 ;术中未发现面神经暴露…     

慢性中耳炎继发面神经管破坏高分辨率CT评价

目的：探讨高分辨率CT(HRCT)对慢性中耳炎继发面神经管破坏的诊断价值。资料与方法：搜集经手术证实为慢性中耳炎并伴有面神经管破坏患者18例，回顾性分析其HRCT检查的影像及临床资料，着重研究其HRCT表现，并与临床手术结果对比。结果：18例均有不同程度的面神经管骨质破坏，破坏部位以面神经管迷路段及鼓室段为主15例(83．3％)，破坏原因主要为胆脂瘤性中耳炎(14例)，占77．8％。面神经管破坏大部分合并面神经损伤而导致面瘫(14例)。HRCT主要表现为面神经管骨质模糊、缺损、破坏。结论：HRCT能准确诊断慢性中耳炎继发面神经管破坏，对临床手术有重要指导意义。     

螺旋CT在胆脂瘤型中耳炎诊断中的应用价值分析

目的分析螺旋cT在胆脂瘤型中耳炎诊断中的应用价值。方法选取20I1年6月～2011年6月湘潭市仁和医院收治的36例胆脂瘤型中耳炎患者作为研究对象,对所选患者行螺旋cT扫描检查,分析胆脂瘤的发生部位及GT表现,并将cT诊断与手术结果比对分析。结果采用cT检查对所有患者行cT扫描可得到胆脂瘤发生部位为：中耳腔21例（58．35％）,乳突12例（33.33％）,外耳道3例（8.34％）;OT表现为：鼓室、鼓窦及乳突内混浊,充填软组织密度块影,以上鼓室及鼓窦为多见,并伴有累积外耳道及外耳道胆脂瘤合并累及鼓室、鼓窦乳突;存在不同程度的鼓室盾板破坏、听小骨破坏、乙状窦前壁破坏、外耳道后壁破坏、面神经管骨质破坏及耳源性脑膜炎等骨质破坏;外耳道出现软组块影5例,可见前壁及后壁局灶性骨质破坏且边界清;乳突类型包括气化型乳突1例,混合型乳突3例,硬化型乳突32例;螺旋cT对胆脂瘤型中耳炎的平均正确诊断率为90.33％。结论采用螺旋cT诊断胆脂瘤型中耳炎能清晰显示病变部位,为其临床治疗提供重要参考依据,在诊断胆脂瘤型中耳炎方面具有很高的应用价值,值得在临床上进一步推广。     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

The clinicopathological and immuohistochemical analysis of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas： report of 9 cases

Objective：To investigate the clinical features, pathological characteristics and immunophenotype of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas（SPTP）. Methods：Nine surgically treated cases of SPTP were retrospectively reviewed. Hematoxylin and Eosin（HE） staining and immunohistochemical staining were used to analyze all cases, and the general clinical data was collected. Results：Six patients were asymptomatic except for a palpable mass. Two patients complained of vague-epigastric pain. One patient appeared jaundice. The tumor was encapsulated and solid tissues alternately with cystic tissues. Histologically, the histological structure of solid portion was pseudopapillary with a fibrovascular core. Tumor cells were uniform and medium-sized which were arranged in sheets ets or nests or pseudopapillary patterns. Immunohistochemical studies demonstrated that SPTP proved positive in vimentin（9/9 cases）, AAT（9/9 cases）, NSE（9/9 cases）, ACT（7/9 cases）, CK20（2/9 cases）, CgA（1/9 cases）, S-100（3/gcases）, PR（4/gcases）, Syn（3/9 cases） and CD56（5/9cases）, negative in CEA and ER. Conclusion：SPTP is a tumor predominantly occurring in young women frequently without special symptoms. This tumor has various characteristical histological patterns with different immunophenotype.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.