真空担架减振试验研究与评价

本文通过行驶试验研究了真空担架的减振性能。振动信号的处理分析及人体感受对比表明,真空担架具有一定的减振作用,在骨折伤员的车辆运送中,使用真空担架是必要的。     

真空担减振试验研究与评价

本文通过行驶试验研究了真空担架的减振动性能。振动信号的处理分析及人全感受对比表明，真空担架具有一定的减振作用，在骨折伤员的车辆运送中，使用真空担架是必要的。     

国内外军用担架及担架标准情况简介

一、军用标准担架简介苏、美等国的军用担架在三十年代就已经标准化了。一九四九年在日内瓦签订的关于保护战争受难者的日内瓦公约(关于武装冲突时,伤者、病者、战俘和平民待遇的多边国际协定),为了解决担架的通用互换问题,对于担架的主要尺寸及重量都作了统一的规定。所规定的担架尺寸县:     

担架转轮附属装置的研制与应用

目的:研制一种担架转轮附属装置,用于平战时辅助担架快速转运伤病员,减少战斗减员,提高生存能力。方法:用担架卡槽、承载结构、卡紧螺帽和360°多向转轮组成高约15 cm的辅助装置。该装置担架卡槽侧壁和卡紧螺栓均带有环形牙槽,便于与担架杆充分卡紧;承载结构由空心钢管做成,在承载担架所需韧性的前提下尽量减轻装置的质量,便于携带;转轮可以360°任意方向旋转,便于运送伤员时向任意方向行进。结果:该装置在使用过程中操作方便,15 cm的高度能帮助担架快速越过一般的障碍,在单个救护员匍匐前进的动作协助下就能快速将伤病员运送至后方安全地带。结论:该装置可满足平战时单兵执行伤员急救后送的需要,战时能减少伤员及救护员暴露的风险,对战场上提高伤病员及救护员安全、提高伤病救治能力、减少伤员伤亡、保证战斗力具有重要意义。     

野战担架及其附属装置应用现状

回顾了野战担架发展历史，重点介绍了当前国内外野战担架及附属装置的研究现状，并展望了新时期野战担架的发展趋势。     

便携式多功能担架

担架是运送伤病员的基本工具，平战时运用十分广泛。我院对担架的构造和功能进行了研究，设计了一种便携式多功能担架，经临床应用，效果良好。１设计思想（１）担架杆选用玻璃钢材，结构采用抽出式结合折叠式，以便减轻重量，缩小体积，容易携带、贮存。（２）考虑到伤病员运送至后方需行各项检查，如摄X片、CT等，需将伤病员从担架搬至检查台，搬放过程有诸多不便，常需多人协助，尤其对于骨折病人，每一次搬运无疑会加重损伤。为解决这个问题，我们将担架设计为可拆卸式，将病人用担架抬上检查台后，卸下担架架杠，仅剩帆布于病人身下…     

一种便携式担架快速过床器的设计与应用效果

目的:设计一种便携式担架快速过床器,便于医学救援及平时院外急救检查时转移患者.方法:便携式担架快速过床器由折叠架和位于床体上的载体组成,患者转移时直接躺在载体上,只需将载体挂在折叠架上即可对患者抬起转移.选取120例行影像检查的患者,采用随机数表法将其分为观察组和对照组,每组60例,观察组进行影像检查时采用便携式担架快...     

WGD2000系列通用担架的研制

WGD2000系列通用担架由直杆式，两折式和四折式担架组成，3种担架展开后外型一致，在折叠担架的结构上，设计了一种旋转折叠机构，通过基本性能试验，部队试验及推广使用证明，本担架结构合理，体小质轻，性能可靠，携带方便，操作简便，具有广泛的军事效益和民用前景。     

我国舰艇担架的历史和发展建议

在分析舰艇担架存在的问题的基础上,提出了我国舰艇担架的发展建议,包括对适用于舰艇开阔环境的制式担架进行改进,研制适合于舰艇狭小环境的软式担架以及研制新型的漂浮担架和辅助漂浮配件等。     

担架的昨天和今天

古时候,没有其它的救援工具,担架在民间和军队救治机构的后送系统中占有重要的地位。由于它能以尽可能少的痛苦把伤病员同救护车辆直接连系起来,因而在伤病员的运输中起着关键性的作用。为了实现担架的这一功能,军队卫生勤务部门必须提出与现实情况相适应的担架发展和改进的基本要求。本文专门探讨军队医疗部门对担架的基本要求。     

The degradation of 2,4-D in forest litter

Summary These studies have shown that 2,4-D is rapidly degraded in forest litter and that the rate of degradation varies with the type of litter, herbicide formulation and the presence of DDT. The degradation of 2,4-D varies slightly in litter from different vegetation types when incubated under similar environmental conditions. Greater variation in herbicide degradation rates may be expected in the field; but this will be due primarily to differences in the site microenvironment, rather than inherent differences in the litter.Various formulations of 2,4-D are degraded at different rates in forest litter although we believe this to be more a function of constituents of formulation than a direct effect of the technical acid, salt or ester.Finally, these experiments have shown that up to 4 gallons per acre of diesel oil has little or no effect on the decomposition of 2,4-D isooctyl ester, while 1 lb./A. of DDT appears to stimulate herbicide degradation.Technical Paper No. 2224, Oregon Agric. Expt. Sta., Corvallis     

Mercury Accumulation in Millipedes (Narceus spp.) Living Adjacent to a Southern Appalachian Mountain Stream (USA)

Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology - Millipedes are among the most important processors of leaf litter in temperate forests. Through consumption of leaf litter, millipedes may...     

Decomposing leaf litter: the effect of allochthonous degradation products on the antioxidant fitness and photosynthesis of Vesicularia dubyana

Leaf litter is one of the major input sources of organic carbon and nutrients in freshwater ecosystems. Throughout the degradation and leaching of leaf litter in freshwater bodies, "new born" substances are continuously generated and may aggregate to form humic substances (HS). Although the effect of HS on the stress physiology of aquatic macrophytes has been case of several investigations, the effect of these "new born" compounds (leaf litter breakdown products) on the stress physiology of aquatic plants has not been studied yet. Our results show that leaf litter degradation extracts (LLDEs) from oak, beech, and mixed oak and beech leaves have deleterious effects on the physiology of the aquatic bryophyte Vesicularia dubyana, decreasing photosynthetic activity and enhancing oxidative stress response. These findings suggest that leaf litter degradation extracts may be an important environmental factor influencing community structure within freshwater ecosystems.     

Impact of an insecticide changes with amount of leaf litter input: implications for amphibian populations

Changes in percentage of forest cover can influence nutrient levels in aquatic systems and change abiotic conditions that may influence species. The authors examined how increasing amounts of leaf litter influenced toxicity of the insecticide carbaryl using larval green frogs (Rana clamitans) in outdoor mesocosm ponds. Insecticides can have direct negative effects on individual physiology and behavior and indirect effects on the food web, which can result in trophic cascades. They predicted that direct effects of the insecticide would dominate when nutrients were low (resulting in negative impacts on amphibian development and survival), whereas indirect effects could offset direct effects when nutrients were more abundant through a trophic cascade that leads to more food for tadpoles (resulting in positive effects on amphibian development and survival). The authors found support for this hypothesis: first, total green frog survival was greatest with increased leaf litter input in the presence of carbaryl. Additionally, most green frogs that reached metamorphosis were from ponds with high leaf litter input and carbaryl. Second, the impact of carbaryl on developmental stage and tadpole mass varied depending on the amount of leaf litter present. With high amounts of leaf litter, carbaryl had a positive impact on development and growth; in contrast, with low amounts of leaf litter, carbaryl had negative or no effects on tadpole development and mass. The present study suggests that differences in nutrient levels between ponds exposed to pesticides could play a role in amphibian population dynamics.     

Reduction of the intake of food and water is responsible for reduction of litter growth when dams are treated with a progesterone antagonist

Treatment of lactating rats with the anti-progestin Mifepristone or Onapristone adversely affects growth of their litters. The present studies aimed to elucidate the underlying mechanism. The treatment did not interfere with the behavioural interactions between mothers and pups, which are required for normal litter growth. Treatment with the antagonists had a stimulatory action on ovarian oestrogen production. However, ovarian hormones did not play a role in litter growth impairment, as this also occurred with lactating ovariectomized rats. Treatment with anti-progestins did not affect the concentrations of the macronutrients in milk (protein, lactose and lipid), nor did it change the fatty acid composition of lipid. Reduced litter growth was not related to a possible direct effect of exposure of the suckling young to the drugs via the milk. Direct injections into them unequivocally affected adrenal gland and testicular development, but did not affect their body-weight development. Milk secretion, as measured by the milk weight accumulating during 6 or 24 h following sudden removal of litters in advanced lactation, was not impaired by the treatments. However, the ingestion of food and water by dams treated with Mifepristone was significantly below that of control animals. It is concluded that litter growth impairment during treatment of lactating rats with anti-progestin results from the reduction of the intake of food and water by the mother.     

Selected pesticides adsorption and desorption in substrates from artificial wetland and forest buffer

Buffer zones such as artificial wetlands and forest buffers may help decrease non-point-source pesticide pollution from agricultural catchments. The present study focuses on understanding the role of the substrates mainly found in such buffer zones for pesticide adsorption and desorption. Radiolabeled [(14)C]isoproturon, [(14)C]metazachlor, and [(14)C]epoxiconazole were used to measure adsorption and desorption isotherms on wetland sediments and plants and forest soil and litter from two sites in France. Wetland sediments and forest soil exhibited the most important potential for pesticide adsorption. Wetland plants and forest litter also showed high adsorption coefficients and were associated with highly hysteretic desorption, particularly for the moderately mobile isoproturon and metazachlor. Adsorption of the highly hydrophobic epoxiconazole was strong and associated with weak desorption from all substrates. Calculated sorption coefficients were larger than those classically measured on soils. Isoproturon, metazachlor, and epoxiconazole K(OC) sorption coefficients ranged from 84 to 372, 131 to 255, and 1,356 to 3,939 L/kg, respectively. Therefore, specifically collecting buffer zone substrate sorption data is needed for modeling purposes. Results showed that forests and wetlands present potential for pesticide retention. This may be enhanced by planting vegetation and leaving dead vegetal material in buffer zone design.     

Influence of ethanol consumption on maternal-fetal transfer of zinc in pregnant rats on day 14 of pregnancy

The hypothesis that a biochemical lesion underlying the development of fetal alcohol syndrome is an ethanol-induced reduction in placental zinc transfer was tested. Placental zinc transfer was assessed in control and ethanol-fed dams on d 14-15 of pregnancy. Litters from ethanol-fed dams were characterized by a high resorption frequency and fewer live fetuses per litter than litters from control dams. In addition, fetuses from the ethanol-fed dams weighed less than control fetuses. However, despite the negative effects of ethanol intake on litter outcome, placental and fetal retention of 65Zn was similar in the two groups. Therefore, an ethanol-induced fetal zinc deficiency does not seem to have a role in the production of the gross structural malformations associated with fetal alcohol syndrome when adequate zinc is provided in the diet.     

Effects of litter size and diet composition on the development of some lipogenic enzymes in the liver and brown adipose tissue of the rat

Male Sprague-Dawley rats were reared in litters of nine (normal litters) or 18 pups, and the dams were fed either a low fat (control) or a high fat diet. Offspring from each litter size and diet group were separated from the mothers on postnatal d 30, subdivided into two groups each, and fed either the control or the high fat diet until postnatal d 77. Hepatic glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase, malic enzyme and ATP-citrate lyase activities in the offspring from large litters were elevated during the early stages of weaning but later lagged behind enzyme activity of the normal litters. Brown adipose tissue enzymes also surged earlier in rats from large litters but did not fall below the values attained by the normal litters until postnatal d 32. Enzyme activities on postnatal d 77 revealed that large litter size and high fat feeding during or after weaning were associated with diminished hepatic enzyme activities. Hepatic glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase and ATP-citrate lyase activities also showed significant positive interaction between litter size and diet composition after weaning. Large litter size was also associated with diminished brown adipose tissue enzymes in the mature rats, but the composition of the weaning diet did not independently exert long-lasting changes in this tissue. Nevertheless, there was a positive interaction between litter size and diet composition during and after weaning. The data suggest that neonatal undernourishment can exert a long-term influence on the metabolic profiles of the animal, and that diet plays a role in modulating this influence.     

Facts of life about industrial relations training

It is likely that the role of all line managers will come to include an element of industrial relations, write Steve Harrison and Stuart Dimmock. The emphasis on conflict resolution rather than how it is generated means that the line manager's role will become overwhelmingly important.     

Ownership, control, and contention: challenges for the future of healthcare in Malaysia

The recent history of healthcare privatisation and corporatisation in Malaysia, an upper middle-income developing country, highlights the complicit role of the state in the rise of corporate healthcare. Following upon the country's privatisation policy in the 1980s, private capital made significant inroads into the healthcare provider sector. This paper explores the various ownership interests in healthcare provision: statist capital, rentier capital, and transnational capital, as well as the contending social and political forces that lie behind state interests in the privatisation of healthcare, the growing prominence of transnational activities in healthcare, and the regional integration of capital in the healthcare provider industry. Civil society organizations provide a small but important countervailing force in the contention over the future of healthcare in the country. It is envisaged that the healthcare financing system will move towards a social insurance model, in which the state has an important regulating role. The important question, therefore, is whether the Malaysian government, with its vested interests, will have the capacity and the will to play this role in a social insurance system. The issues of ownership and control have important implications for governance more generally in a future healthcare system.