脑血管畸形的MRI及MRA诊断

目的：研究脑动静脉畸形与海绵状血管瘤的ＭＲＩ及ＭＲＡ特征，评价不同的成像方法对脑血管畸形的诊断价值。材料与方法：对２１例脑动静脉畸形及６例海绵状血管瘤分别作了常规ＭＲ成像及ＭＲ血管成像，ＭＲＩ采用ＳＥＴ１和Ｔｕｒｂｏ ＳＥ Ｔ２加权序列，ＭＲＡ采用２Ｄ－ＦＬＡＳＨ及３Ｄ－ＦＩＳＰ序列，６例海绵状血管瘤ＭＲＡ仅使用２Ｄ－ＦＬＡＳＨ序列。所有成像以环形激化头线圈在１．０Ｔ ＭＲ仪上完成。结果：Ｔ１及Ｔ     

MRI对急性脊髓损伤的评价

目的：探讨急性脊髓损伤的ＭＲＩ表现及其与预后的关系。材料与方法：２３例脊髓损伤患者于伤后７天内行１．０Ｔ超导ＭＲ机检查，并采用ＡＳＩＡ损伤分级评价其神经功能。结果：２３例在ＭＲＩ上均显示脊髓异常信号，其中１９例有脊柱骨和（或）韧带损伤。脊髓损伤有两种信号类型，１０例见急性脊髓出血，在Ｔ２ＷＩ上表现为中心低信号、周围高信号；１３例为脊髓挫伤或水肿，Ｔ２ＷＩ表现为脊髓均匀或不均匀的高信号区。１１例能评价预后，两种信号类型脊髓损伤的神经功能恢复没有明显差异。１３例完全性脊髓损伤和１０例不完全性脊髓损伤，在Ｔ２ＷＩ上异常信号的平均面积分别为４．４４±１．８０ｃｍ２及１．７６±０．８０ｃｍ２。１１例治疗后，神经功能改善６例，没有明显改善５例，异常信号区的平均面积分别为２．４１±１．０５ｃｍ２及４．８２±１．８６ｃｍ２。脊髓异常信号区面积的大小与脊髓损伤严重性及其预后的改善有关。结论：ＭＲＩ能清楚地显示急性脊髓损伤的各种病理改变，Ｔ２ＷＩ上异常信号区的大小是评价急性脊髓损伤严重性及预后的重要指标。     

无骨折脱位颈段脊髓损伤的MRI表现

目的：探讨无骨折脱闰颈段脊髓损伤的机制及ＭＲＩ表现。方法：收集１５例经Ｘ线,ＣＴ或ＭＲＩ检查未见骨折脱位的颈段脊髓损伤的病例。所有病例均行矢状位,轴位扫描,均行ＳＥ序列Ｔ１ＷＩ及ＦＳＥ序列Ｔ２ＷＩ。结果：７例有颈椎间盘突出,其中４０岁以上的有６例,前纵韧带撕裂５例,４例为４０岁以上,脊髓受压７例,为突出间盘及肥厚黄韧带压迫所致。所有病例在Ｔ２ＷＩ均呈现出明显的异常信号。脊髓挫伤,水肿１１例,出血１     

主动脉夹层动脉瘤的ULF－MRI诊断

目的：回顾性评价主动脉夹层动脉瘤的超低场磁共振成像（简称ＵＬＦ－ＭＲＩ）表现及诊断价值。材料和方法：８例主动脉夹层动脉瘤患者ＵＬＦ－ＭＲＩ检查１１例次，采用芬兰常导型，ＭＡＧＮＥＶＩＥＷ０．０４Ｔ机，作常规Ｔ１、Ｔ２加权相扫描，籍最基本的血流流空现象显示心脏大血管。结果：１．均能显示主动脉真、假腔和／或撕裂内膜瓣及附壁血栓以明确诊断。结论：认为ＵＬＦ－ＭＲＩ图像空间分辨率虽低，仍可作为诊断本病敏感而无创伤性检查手段这一。     

脊髓血管畸形的MRI诊断(附3例报告及文献复习)

目的：评价ＭＲ成像对脊髓血管畸形的诊断价值。方法：共３例，其中２例为硬脊膜动静脉瘘，１例为根脊膜血管畸形，在１．５Ｔ磁共振机上应用表面线圈作高分辨ＭＲ成像，其结果与选择性脊髓动脉造影进行对照。结果：ＭＲ不仅可显示畸形血管特征性的快速流空现象，而且还可显示畸形血管远端髓内长Ｔ１、长Ｔ２信号改变。ＭＲＩ与血管造影结果基本符合。结论：ＭＲ成像是评价脊髓血管畸形十分敏感和有效的方法     

后纵隔肿瘤向维管内蔓延的MRI诊断

目的：评价ＭＲＩ对后纵隔肿瘤向椎管内蔓延的诊断价值。材料与方法：回顾性分析６例（男５例，女１例，年龄３￣５２岁）经手术及病理证实的后纵隔肿瘤向椎管内蔓延的临床及ＭＲＩ表现。结果：ＭＲＩ显示肿瘤呈哑铃形５例，卵圆形１例；单个椎间孔开大５例，３个椎间孔开大１例；硬膜囊和脊髓受压移位５例，无受压移位１例；在Ｔ１ＷＩ和Ｔ２ＷＩ图像上，椎管内外肿瘤的信号强度一致。结论：不使用造影剂，ＭＲＩ可以准确的确定后纵     

脊髓型多发性硬化与髓内肿瘤的MRI鉴别诊断

目的：探讨脊髓型多发性硬化（ＭＳ）的ＭＲＩ特点及其与髓内肿瘤的鉴别诊断。材料和方法：回顾性分析３例误诊为髓内肿瘤的经手术病理证实为脊髓型ＭＳ的临床表现、ＭＲ特点及其与病理的相关性。结果：本组脊髓型ＭＳ的ＭＲＩ特点为Ｔ１加权像脊髓局限性增粗或信号不均匀，Ｔ２加权像病变处伴有斑片状高信号。脊髓型ＭＳ常伴有脊髓中央管扩张，而无脊髓空洞。活动期病灶呈条状或斑片状增强。脊髓矢、冠和横断位总有１～２个方位见病灶增强位于脊髓周边。结论：脊髓型ＭＳ有其特征性ＭＲＩ表现，在急性或活动期能为临床诊断提供可靠的依据。     

无骨折脱位型颈髓损伤的MRI诊断

目的：探讨无骨折脱位颈髓损伤的ＭＲＩ特点及意义。方法：１０例无骨折脱位颈髓损伤的ＭＲＩ和临床资料，分析其受伤脊髓的位置、信号和外力特点及临床脊髓功能表现。结果：无骨折脱位颈髓损伤多发生在Ｃ３～４节段。ＭＲＩ的信号特点是急性期Ｔ１加权等信号，Ｔ２加权高信号；慢性期Ｔ１加权低信号、Ｔ２加权高信号，异常信号范围局限，多位于脊髓背侧。结论：ＭＲＩ能对无骨折脱位的颈髓损伤作出精细、正确的诊断，对其治疗和预后有指导意义     

颈椎过伸性损伤的MRI诊断(附12例报告)

目的：探讨颈椎过伸性损伤的ＭＲＩ表现及价值，材料与方法：回顾性分析１２例有典型外伤史患者的ＭＲＩ资料及临床资料，结果：颈椎过伸性损伤依暴力的大小不同依次伤及前纵韧带，椎间盘，脊髓及后部附件结构，ＭＲＩ所表现的椎前血肿，前纵韧带断裂，椎间盘突出，椎体挫伤及脊髓受压变形，附件结构损伤具有特征性，结论：ＭＲＩ可以反映颈椎过伸性损伤的全部损伤机制及其形成的病理改变，是诊断过伸性颈椎损伤的最好方法。     

快速FLAIR序列MRI在脑梗塞诊断中的应用价值

目的：探讨快速ＦＬＡＩＲ序列ＭＲＩ在脑梗塞诊断中的应用价值。材料和方法：对３５例脑梗塞患者行颅脑常规ＳＥ序列和快速ＦＬＡＩＲ序列ＭＲＩ检查,并对比分析常规Ｔ２Ｗ与ＦＬＡＩＲ成像对病变的显示能力。结果：ＭＲＩ共发现５０个脑梗塞灶。除２个病灶外,４８个病灶ＦＬＡＩＲ成像较ＳＥ序列Ｔ２Ｗ成像显示更为清晰明确,其中３个皮层／皮层下病灶和１个脑室旁病灶仅为ＦＬＡＩＲ成像显示;ＳＥ序列Ｔ２Ｗ与ＦＬＡＩＲ成像显     

Optimization of the system of medical service of students of Cadet Schools of the Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation

One of the factors of the successful military career guidance Cadet schools students is preserving and promoting their health. Medical support of children and adolescents aged 10-17 years should include the full range of medical and preventive measures defined for this group. The state of providing outpatient care for pupils at the Cadet School in St. Petersburg was studied. These results show that full medical care in accordance with the standards can be based only on children's health clinics. It is important that the organization of medical support pupils cadet schools should be cooperate with civilian health care.     

带状疱疹83例误诊原因分析

带状疱疹是由水痘—带状疱疾病毒引起的皮肤科常见疾病。其主要的病理损害,一是受累神经的严重炎症性浸润,继而导致受侵犯神经节内神经细胞变性、坏死;二是皮肤的水泡。迅速抑制神经节和相应的感觉神经纤维的充血、水肿和坏死,防止粘连形成,达到迅速镇痛、改善皮损,缩短病程及防止后遗症的发生是治疗的关键。因而,尽早明确诊断,     

Estimation of accumulated dose of radiation by method of ESR-spectrometry of dental enamel of mammals

ESR-spectrometry was used to investigate radiation-induced paramagnetic centers in enamel of mammals: carnivores (polar bear and fox), ungulates (reindeer, European bison, moose), and man. Values at half the microwave power saturation of the radiation signal, P_1/2, evaluated at room temperature, was found to range from 16 to 26 mW for animals and man. A new approach to discrimination of the radiation induced signal from the total ESR spectrum of reindeer enamel is proposed. ‘Dose-response’ dependencies of enamel of different species mammals were measured within the dose range from 0.48 up to 10.08 Gy. Estimations of ‘radiosensitivity’ enamel of carnivores and ungulates showed good agreement with radiosensitivity enamel of man by ESR method.     

Analysis of the results of the international comparison of activity measurements of a solution of Fe

The results of an international comparison of activity measurements of a solution of ⁵⁵Fe organized by the BIPM in 2005 are reported and analysed. This exercise, which follows the procedures of the CIPM mutual recognition arrangement to update older comparisons, is a renewal of the comparison organized by the BIPM that took place in 1978. A EUROMET comparison was organized in 1996 specifically to compare activity measurements of a ⁵⁵Fe solution by means of liquid-scintillation techniques. Results of these three comparisons are presented and discussed in this paper.

The radionuclide solution was provided by the NPL, which also distributed the samples to the participants. The activity of the ampoules was measured by 16 laboratories using 12 methods producing 25 results. Some general considerations on uncertainty assessments pertaining to the different techniques used are drawn. The outcome of four different estimators is compared from which the presence of at least one outlier can be confirmed. Further measurements should be made to try to reduce the discrepancy between the results. To date the outcome of the present comparison does not show an improvement to that of the 1996 comparison.     

Evaluation of the results of various technics of non-surgical therapy of varicocele

A new method of non-surgical treatment of varicocele syndrome is described: it consists in sclerotherapy of spermatic vein by trans-femoral percutaneous catheterization with balloon-catheters. In 8 cases venous thrombosis has been induced by direct electric clotting. The techniques and a 6 months follow-up are discussed. It is pointed out that this procedure should be considered as the method of choice for tubular lesions and sub-fertility prophylaxis in young people and in childhood.     

延迟性脾破裂误漏诊原因分析

目的探讨延迟性脾破裂误漏诊原因和预防措施.方法回顾性分析总结12例延迟性脾破裂中的诊断和误漏诊的经验与教训.结果本组延迟性脾破裂的误漏诊5例(41.66%).对多发伤与脾破裂并存可能认识不足,外伤史轻微或伤员隐瞒外伤史,缺乏腹痛-缓解-突然再腹痛的典型病史,缺乏“对冲性脾破裂”力学分析和整体化诊断思路等为其误漏诊的主要原因.结论详细的外伤史和全面系统检查,重视腹以外多发伤掩盖腹内脏器伤及延迟性脾破裂可能.确立外伤-腹内脏器伤-脾破裂整体化诊断思路.不间断地辅以B超检查脾形态学变化和腹内有无积液,腹腔穿刺确定有无血腹、X线胸腹部检查观察左侧胸肋角和膈肌运动情况、必要时CT检查以尽早发现脾包膜下血肿,降低延迟性脾破裂误漏诊率.