单孔腹腔镜在腹膜后手术中的初步应用

目的经腹膜后入路的腹腔镜手术在泌尿外科已经被广泛采用,随着单孔腹腔镜技术的兴起,经腹膜后入路的单孔腹腔镜技术逐渐得到临床应用,本研究在于探讨单孔腹腔镜在腹膜后手术种的应用价值,评估其安全性。方法从2010年6月至2010年12月,15例患者接受经腹膜后入路单孔腹腔镜手术,其中包括单孔腹腔镜下肾部分切除术2例、肾上腺肿瘤切除术5例、肾囊肿去顶术5例与输尿管结石切开取石术3例。结果所有手术均在单孔下完成,无中转传统腹腔镜或开放手术,术中及术后无并发症发生。结论经腹膜后入路单孔腹腔镜手术安全可靠,具有临床应用价值。     

后腹腔镜输尿管成形术治疗下腔静脉后输尿管的体会

目的:探讨后腹腔镜输尿管成形术治疗下腔静脉后输尿管的临床经验及疗效。方法:回顾分析2004年1月至2011年10月13例下腔静脉后输尿管患者的临床资料,其中男10例,女3例;平均(33.2±6.8)岁;8例有症状,体检发现5例;13例患者均行后腹腔镜输尿管成形术。结果:13例手术均获成功,无一例中转开放手术。平均手术时间、输尿管端端吻合时间分别为(110±21.1)min、(30.2±11.4)min,术中出血量平均(24.3±5.6)ml,术后平均负压引流(4.0±1.2)d,平均留置导尿管(5.9±2.8)d,平均住院(5.3±1.4)d,术后1个月拔除双J管。术后平均随访(30.2±11.3)个月,13例患者肾及输尿管上段扩张积水显著减轻,吻合口无狭窄,8例患者术前不适症状消失。结论:后腹腔镜输尿管成形术治疗下腔静脉后输尿管安全、有效,具有患者创伤小、康复快等优点,可作为治疗下腔静脉后输尿管的首选方法。但远期疗效尚需大样本对照研究及长期随访观察。     

经后腹膜腔单孔腹腔镜下肾上腺切除术的可行性和安全性研究

目的 探讨应用经后腹膜腔单孔腹腔镜下肾上腺切除术的可行性和安全性. 方法 2009年10月至2012年1月应用单孔4通道技术,经后腹膜腔途径进行肾上腺切除术7例.患者年龄39 ～55岁,平均46岁.肿瘤最大径1.8 ～3.6 cm,平均2.3 cm.术中应用标准腹腔镜器械和5 mm头端可弯腹腔镜.记录患者手术时间、术中出血量、术中并发症、留置引流管时间、术后视觉模拟疼痛量表(visual analog pain scale,VAPS)评分、术后住院时间、术后病理等临床资料,并对结果进行分析.结果7例手术均顺利,无中转标准腹腔镜或开放手术者,无另加腹腔镜手术操作通道者.手术时间70～180 min,平均106 min;术中出血量5～200 ml,平均59 ml.术后第一天VAPS评分1～3分,平均2分;引流管留置时间2～3d,平均2d;术后住院时间3～6d,平均5d.无围手术期并发症.术后病理:肾上腺皮质腺瘤5例,肾上腺嗜铬细胞瘤1例,肾上腺囊肿1例. 结论 经后腹膜腔单孔腹腔镜下肾上腺切除术具有良好的临床可行性和安全性.     

单孔后腹腔镜输尿管切开取石术:附5例报告

目的 探讨单孔后腹腔镜输尿管切开取石的疗效和安全性.方法 回顾性分析了我院2010年4月至2010年7月单孔后腹腔镜手术治疗5例输尿管结石患者的临床资料.结果 5例手术全部成功,无中转开放或另外置入Trocar.手术时间44~160 min(平均84 min),术中出血量10~50 ml(平均32.5 ml),术后住院时间6~7 d.随访1~4个月,无结石复发及输尿管狭窄发生.结论 单孔后腹腔镜输尿管切开取石术安全可行,创伤小,美容效果好.     

单孔腹腔镜下输卵管异位妊娠手术与传统腹腔镜手术的对比

目的探讨单孔腹腔镜技术用于输卵管异位妊娠手术的益处和可行性。方法总结11例单孔腹腔镜下输卵管异位妊娠手术的操作经验,并与20例传统腹腔镜下异位妊娠手术作比较,观察二者适应证、手术时间、出血、术后疼痛、并发症等方面是否有显著差异。结果 11例患者大多应用以软性入路平台为主的入路方式,部分配合使用特殊的腹腔镜器械进行操作。其术前β血人绒毛膜促性腺激素水平、内出血量、术中出血、术后恢复等指标与传统腹腔镜技术比较无显著差异,但手术时间较后者延长且有显著性差异。结论单孔腹腔镜技术用于输卵管异位妊娠手术是一种简单可行的、适于单孔腹腔镜操作技术入门学习的手术方式,且手术切口美观,手术效果确切。     

美国腹腔镜内镜手术协会有关单孔腹腔镜手术的共识

为促进单孔腔镜手术的发展,美国一批从事此项工作的医师于2008年在俄亥俄州克利夫兰成立了腹腔镜内镜单一部位入路手术研究与评估协会（Laparo—endoscopic Single—Site Surgery Consortium for Assessment and Research,LESSCAR）。     

尿道途径辅助下经脐单孔腹腔镜根治性前列腺切除术的临床研究

目的:探讨尿道途径辅助下经脐单孔腹腔镜根治性前列腺切除术的可行性及意义。方法:5例前列腺癌患者采用多通道套管,在经尿道途径辅助下,实施经脐单孔腹腔镜根治性前列腺切除术。对围手术期相关资料进行分析。结果:5例患者手术均获得成功,无1例中转开放或增加通道。平均手术时间168 min;术中平均出血量120 ml;术后平均留置尿管时间15 d;无直肠等周围组织损伤并发症,术后病理示5例患者手术标本切缘均为阴性,术后病理分期2例为T2cN0M0,3例为T2bN0M0。结论:尿道途径辅助下经脐单孔腹腔镜根治性前列腺切除术是安全可行的,并且可以降低手术难度。     

Miniature in vivo robot for laparoendoscopic single-site surgery

Background  

The aim of this study was to develop a multidexterous robot capable of generating the required forces and speeds to perform surgical tasks intra-abdominally. Current laparoscopic surgical robots are expensive, bulky, and fundamentally constrained by a small entry incision. A new approach to minimally invasive surgery places the robot completely within the patient. Miniature in vivo robots may allow surgeons to overcome current laparoscopic constraints such as dexterity, orientation, and visualization.     

Retroperitoneal laparoscopic reconstruction for retrocaval ureter: experience and literature review

Abstract Purpose: We describe surgical techniques and experience with retroperitoneal laparoscopic pyeloureterostomy in five cases of retrocaval ureter (RU). We also report the laparoscopic approach reconstruction for RU from peer-reviewed publications. Patients and Methods: Five patients with RU underwent retroperitoneal laparoscopic pyeloureterostomy. Nuclear renography, intravenous urography (IVU), and ultrasonography follow-up was performed postoperatively. Science Citation Index searches were conducted to identify laparoscopic reconstruction for RU outcomes. Studies published after 1994 were included in the analysis. Results: Operations were completed successfully and without complications in five patients. The mean operative time was 90.2±34.4 minutes. The mean time needed to insert the Double-J stent and reanastomosis was 51.2±11.4 minutes. Blood loss was minimal. Over a follow-up of 12 to 37 months, hydronephrosis was found to decrease substantially. There were 24 peer-reviewed studies covering a total of 62 patients suitable for inclusion in our final analysis. The most common method for reconstruction of the ureter was ureteroureterostomy, followed by pyeloureterostomy and pyelopyelotomy. Conclusion: Retroperitoneal laparoscopy for RU is a safe and effective procedure that should be considered as a first-line treatment for patients with this anatomic anomaly.     

单孔腹腔镜输尿管切开取石术的初步应用体会

目的 探讨经腹膜后途径,行单孔腹腔镜输尿管切开取石术的可行性及疗效.方法 2010年6月至2011年2月,收治8例单侧输尿管上段结石患者,采用自制多通道套管,经腹膜后途经,行单孔腹腔镜输尿管切开取石术.以同一术者完成的15例传统腹腔镜经腹膜后输尿管切开取石术作为对照组.对比两组的手术时间、出血量、手术并发症、平均住院时间、术后镇痛药应用时间及腹膜后引流管停留时间等指标.结果 所有单孔腹腔镜手术均获成功、无1例转为传统腹腔镜或开放术式.结石平均长径18 mm,平均手术时间131±16min,失血量30±5 ml,1例术后出现尿漏、于术后第3天停止;无其他手术并发症.两组手术时间、出血量、腹膜后引流管停留时间等无明显差异.单孔腹腔镜组在平均住院时间、术后镇痛药应用天数及美容效果等方面优于传统腹腔镜组.两组患者均获得治愈.结论 单孔腹腔镜输尿管切开取石术是可行、有效的,适用于治疗部份体积较大的输尿管结石病例,其远期效果有待增加病例数进一步评估.     

Current status of laparoendoscopic single-site surgery in urologic surgery

Since the introduction of laparoscopic surgery, the promise of lower postoperative morbidity and improved cosmesis has been achieved. Laparoendoscopic single-site surgery (LESS) potentially takes this further. Following the first human urological LESS report in 2007, numerous case series have emerged, as well as comparative studies comparing LESS with standard laparoscopy. However, comparative series between conventional laparoscopy and LESS for different procedures suggest a non-inferiority of LESS over standard laparoscopy, but the only objective benefit remains an improved cosmetic outcome. Challenging ergonomics, instrument clashing, lack of true triangulation, and in-line vision are the main concerns with LESS surgery. Various new instruments have been designed, but only experienced laparoscopists and well-selected patients are pivotal for a successful LESS procedure. Robotic-assisted LESS procedures have been performed. The available robotic platform remains bulky, but development of instrumentation and application of robotic technology are expected to define the actual role of these techniques in minimally invasive urologic surgery.