我国姑息护理研究现状

介绍了我国护理人员对姑息护理的认知现状、护理人员对姑息护理理论的临床实践、护理人员对于姑息护理教育的探索及姑息护理发展展望。     

姑息护理文献的可视化分析

[目的]对姑息护理相关文献进行可视化分析,为我国的姑息护理研究提供思路。[方法]以Web of Science文献数据平台SCI-E、SSCI收录的文献数据为基础,利用文献计量学方法和CiteSpace信息可视化软件,分析姑息护理领域文献的国家/地区分布、研究机构、关键文献、研究前沿、研究热点。[结果]共检索到1 655篇姑息护理相关文献。通过分析发现,姑息护理的研究主要集中在美国,组成其知识基础的节点包括护患关系、姑息护理的特征以及癌症病人的姑息护理;组成姑息护理研究前沿的节点包括早期介入、姑息护理地点的迁移及普及率;姑息护理的研究热点包括终末护理、身心需求、质量提升及意义构建。[结论]我国姑息护理研究还存在诸多不足,应加强与国际相关方面的交流。     

姑息护理初探

探讨姑息护理理论和实践的研究进展，认为社区是姑息护理实施的重要场所，死亡教育是姑息护理的重要内容。     

护理新模式——姑息护理

姑息护理是随着临终关怀活动而逐渐产生和发展起来的一种全新的护理方式。主要介绍了姑息护理的内涵、目标、原则及基本内容。     

姑息护理的发展现状与思考

阐述了姑息护理的内涵和开展模式，回顾目前发展现状，提出了开展死亡教育课程、发展姑息护理教育、建立姑息护理质量标准体系、政策上支持姑息护理的发展等建议。     

姑息护理初探

探讨姑息护理理论和实践的研究进展,认为社区是姑息护理实施的重要场所,死亡教育是姑息护理的重要内容.     

姑息护理的发展现状与思考

阐述了姑息护理的内涵和开展模式,回顾目前发展现状,提出了开展死亡教育课程、发展姑息护理教育、建立姑息护理质量标准体系、政策上支持姑息护理的发展等建议。     

癌性伤口姑息护理的研究进展

综述了近年来癌性伤口姑息护理的研究进展,包括癌性伤口姑息护理的相关概念、发展现状、姑息护理模式、症状管理、心理社会支持,以及效果评价,总结了癌性伤口姑息护理相关研究存在的问题,提出了未来研究的方向与趋势,为癌性伤口姑息护理实践与研究提供参考。     

姑息护理的发展现状与思考

阐述了姑息护理的内涵和开展模式,回顾目前发展现状,提出了开展死亡教育课程、发展姑息护理教育、建立姑息护理质量标准体系、政策上支持姑息护理的发展等建议.     

姑息护理——新型的护理方式

姑息护理 (Ｐａｌｌｉａｔｉｖｅｃａｒｅ)是随着临终关怀运动(Ｈｏｓｐｉｃｅｍｏｖｅｍｅｎｔ)而产生、发展起来的。伦敦圣克里斯多弗安宁院的Ｍｏｕｎｔ教授首次提出了术语 :“姑息护理运动”。 1989年ＲＣＮ护理专家组—姑息护理小组正式采用了“姑息护理”这一术语[1] 。作为一种新型的护理方式 ,姑息护理为慢性迁延性疾病、癌症、爱滋病等无法治愈的患者提供了一种符合人性的、科学的护理 ,通过控制症状、解除疼痛和不适、支持患者及其家属 ,提高了患者的生活质量 ,使患者尊严地、有意义地度过余生 ,并平静地接受死亡。经过30多年的发…     

老年血管性痴呆病人的护理

介绍了血管性痴呆病人的心理护理、饮食护理、生活护理、安全护理、皮肤护理、用药护理、并发症预防、睡眠护理、康复护理，强调全面正确的护理。可促进病人智能恢复，改善血管性痴呆病人的生活质量。     

人文关怀在优质护理服务工作中的应用

目的探讨人文关怀在优质护理服务中的运用,强化护理责任感、落实基础护理,提高护理质量,提高患者满意度。方法通过营造良好的病区环境,增强护士综合素质和主动服务的意识,夯实基础护理,提供安全的护理,实施出院后的延续护理等措施,为患者提供优质护理。结果人文关怀在优质护理服务中的运用,切实提高了护士主动服务的意识,患者满意度和护理质量得到了提高,护理纠纷减少,患者满意度由85.77%提高到97.50%(P<0.01)。结论人文关怀在优质护理服务活动中,提升了护士与患者主动沟通的能力,促进患者的恢复,达到真正意义上的护患和谐、医患和谐和社会的和谐。     

老年血管性痴呆病人的护理

介绍了血管性痴呆病人的心理护理、饮食护理、生活护理、安全护理、皮肤护理、用药护理、并发症预防、睡眠护理、康复护理,强调全面正确的护理,可促进病人智能恢复,改善血管性痴呆病人的生活质量。     

唑来膦酸联合放疗治疗恶性肿瘤骨转移性疼痛的护理

目的:回顾性总结使用唑来膦酸联合放疗的方式治疗恶性肿瘤骨转移性疼痛的护理要点。方法:选取我院2009年1月～2011年6月肿瘤科确诊治疗的80例恶性肿瘤骨转移的患者为研究对象,对有恶性肿瘤骨转性疼痛的患者给予唑来膦酸联合放疗治疗骨性疼痛,回顾性分析疼痛护理、用药护理、基础护理、心理护理、饮食护理、骨髓抑制护理和病理性骨折的预防及护理等多方面护理方式对患者治疗和预后的积极影响。结果:经过积极的治疗及护理,患者的恶性肿瘤骨转移性疼痛症状得到明显的改善,对所有出院患者进行调查问卷评分,患者的生活质量有显著的提高,在院期间对护理服务满意度高达97.50%。结论:有针对性的对唑来膦酸联合放疗治疗恶性肿瘤骨转移性疼痛的患者进行疼痛护理、用药护理、基础护理、心理护理、饮食护理、骨髓抑制护理和病理性骨折的预防及护理等多方面护理对患者的预后和治疗都有着积极的影响和良好的效果,值得临床推广使用。     

Understanding Palliative Care and Hospice: A Review for Primary Care Providers

Palliative care provides invaluable clinical management and support for patients and their families. For most people, palliative care is not provided by hospice and palliative medicine specialists, but rather by their primary care providers. The recognition of hospice and palliative medicine as its own medical subspecialty in 2006 highlighted the importance of palliative care to the practice of medicine, yet many health care professionals harbor misconceptions about palliative care, which may be a barrier to ensuring that the palliative care needs of their patients are identified and met in a timely fashion. When physicians discuss end-of-life concerns proactively, many patients choose more comfort-focused care and receive care more aligned with their values and goals. This article defines palliative care, describes how it differs from hospice, debunks some common myths associated with hospice and palliative care, and offers suggestions on how primary care providers can integrate palliative care into their practice.     

A survey of commitment and compassion among nurses in residential aged care

AIM: To assess the views and attitudes of aged care staff providing direct care towards palliative care and to identify their learning needs. DESIGN: Survey design using purposive sampling methods. FINDINGS: Nurses and care assistants (n=222) employed within nine residential aged care facilities in regional Australia completed the survey. The majority had received 'on the job training' and were committed to providing end-of-life care. Differences in the level of confidence to deal with patient/family interactions and manage complex palliative care scenarios were evident between nurses and care assistants (p<0.05). Both nurses and care assistants perceived a need for further education in symptom management and communication, yet their content need differed significantly between groups. CONCLUSIONS: Nurses and care assistants in residential aged care facilities demonstrate commitment to the delivery of palliative care and express a need for increased palliative care competencies. The heterogeneity of roles and educational preparation within the aged care workforce indicate that tailored palliative care education initiatives are required to meet the learning needs of aged care nurses and care assistants, particularly in relation to end-of-life care. These data have implications for skill-mix and model of care development.     

论中国的全科医学

全科医学是一门新兴的医学学科,其核心是提供基本的医疗保健。全科医疗模式是以全科为基本,协调各专科,为患者提供连续性和融合性的医疗的模式。中国的医疗模式原始来源于苏联的专科医学模式,缺乏基本医疗保健,医疗质量降低。中国政府认识到了全科医学的重要性,决定实行全科医学体制。全科医学模式要求理想的全科医生比例应占医生总数的50%左右,而目前中国的全科医生数只占医生总数的3%。中国的全科医生培训面临许多困难。社区医疗服务中心对推行全科医学体制是心有余而力不足。三甲医院必将充当全科医学发展的火车头才能使全科医学体制在中国实现。     

Home care nursing in Japan: a challenge for providing good care at home

Home care in Japan has developed over the past 30 years. Nurses have taken leadership in promoting home care and at the same time have expanded their roles. The roles of Japanese nurses in the field of home care are presented in the context of the historical perspective and view for the future. Home care nurses have performed care management for their community as well as for individual older clients living in their community. Currently, nurses work as high-tech and personal care providers and are developing a new role in health care enterprises. The number of nurses working as clinical nurse specialists will increase consistently with the rapid increase of master's programs. In the future, nurses should take a lead in developing health policy. The purpose of the article is to describe the current situation of home care clients and home care nursing in Japan. In addition, four issues of home care in Japan are described related to home care for older persons, high-tech home care, terminal care, and home care for psychiatric patients.     

Innovations in the nursing care of the chronically ill: a literature review from an international perspective

This literature review focuses on substitution-related innovations in the nursing care of chronic patients in six western industrialized countries. Differences between primary and secondary care-orientated countries in the kind of innovations implemented are discussed. Health care systems are increasingly being confronted with chronic patients who need complex interventions tailored to their individual needs. However, it seems that today's health care professionals, organizations and budgets are not sufficiently prepared to provide this kind of care. As a result, health care policy in many countries targets innovations which reduce health care costs and, at the same time, improve the quality of care. Frequently, these innovations are related directly to the 'substitution of care' phenomenon, in which care is provided by the most appropriate professional at the lowest cost level, and encompass advanced nursing practice, hospital-at-home care and integrated care. The main conclusion of this paper is that integrated care innovations are implemented in both primary care as well as in secondary care-orientated countries. However, innovations in hospital-at-home care and advanced nursing practice are primarily implemented in primary care-orientated countries. Whether these innovations positively influence the quality of care, costs of care or patients' use of health care facilities remains rather unclear.