Unusual Segmental Stricture of the Lower Common Bile Duct Mimicking Bile Duct Cancer

In some cases of bile duct stricture, malignancy cannot be diagnosed preoperatively even with the use of various diagnostic imaging modalities and histologic examination. As long as malignancy cannot be ruled out completely, surgery can be undertaken for the purposes of diagnosis and treatment. We report a case of unusual segmental stricture of the lower common bile duct mimicking bile duct cancer and discuss the differential diagnosis.     

Laparoscopic Common Bile Duct Exploration

Laparoscopic cholecystectomy has become the procedure of choice for laparoscopically skilled surgeons when dealing with both chronic and acute cholecystitis. When choledocholithiasis is encountered in the treatment of these patients the skilled laparoscopist has several treatment options available to treat the patient in one stage and avoid the morbidity of endoscopic sphincterotomy. Although still controversial, laparoscopic common bile duct exploration has been shown to be safe, applicable, and cost-effective in the treatment of choledocholithiasis. This report details several laparoscopic treatment alternatives for choledocholithiasis.     

Laparoscopic Common Bile Duct Exploration

Since the introduction of laparoscopic cholecystectomy, the management of common bile duct (CBD) stones has undergone significant change. Preoperative endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) with sphincterotomy is now routinely done in cases where the diagnosis of choledocholithiasis is suspected preoperatively, with clearance of the bile ducts before laparoscopic cholecystectomy. Intraoperative discovery of CBD stones by cholangiography represents a challenge to the surgeon, who must make a decision about when to perform laparoscopic CBD exploration, convert to open surgery, or send the patient for ERCP during the postoperative period. Because ERCP has a definite failure rate, laparoscopic CBD exploration can be a treatment option. Among 2500 laparoscopic cholecystectomies done by our group from January 1991 to June 1997, 50 patients (2%) underwent laparoscopic CBD exploration, 13 by the transcystic technique and 37 by choledocotomy, with a conversion rate of 8% and a hospital stay of 4.3 days. One patient died from complicated pancreatitis following ERCP and unsuccessful extraction of a CBD stone. We obtained our goal of a CBD free of stones in 92% of the cases. We conclude that laparoscopic CBD exploration is an effective method for treating choledocolithiasis that allows management of this pathology in one stage, although it requires advanced laparoscopic skills and adequate equipment.     

Ectopic Drainage of the Common Bile Duct

Two patients are presented with ectopic drainage of the common bile duct, one entering the stomach and the second entering the first portion of the duodenum. They make the seventh patient with the common bile duct entering into the stomach and the 19 patients with anomalous drainage into the duodenum. The awareness of this and other biliary system anomalies is stressed to prevent damage to vital structures in this area. The theories explaining this anomalies are discussed.     

Carcinoid Tumor of the Common Bile Duct

A case of a primary carcinoid tumor of the common bile duct is presented. Diagnostic and therapeutic uncertainties of this extremely rare cause of jaundice are discussed.     

腹腔镜下经胆囊管肝总管汇合部微切开胆总管探查的可行性

目的探讨腹腔镜下经胆囊管肝总管汇合部微切开胆总管探查免置T管的可行性及病例选择。方法回顾性分析我院2009年1月至2011年12月期间52例拟行胆总管探查患者的临床资料,实施了经腹腔镜、胆道镜双镜联合下经胆囊管肝总管汇合部微（3～4mm）切开取石、不放置T管引流,一期缝合。结果本组52例患者术中无阴性探查,术中使用胆道镜及胆道造影检查证实结石完全取出,结石取净率为100％,手术时间为90～200min,平均100min。术中胆道造影时间为3～10min,平均6min。胆道镜协助取石时间为5～15min,平均8min。术后腹腔引流管拔管时间3～5d,平均3．5d。术后腹腔引流液量为20～60mL／d,平均30mL／d。术后无胆汁漏、腹痛、黄疸及切口感染发生。术后住院5～12d,平均6．5d。术后随访时间为3～40个月,平均20个月,无结石再生或胆管狭窄发生。结论若术者腹腔镜、胆道镜技术熟练,手术病例选择适当,术中检查仔细,冲洗干净,经胆囊管肝总管汇合部微切开取石后行胆总管一期缝合是安全、可行的。     

腹腔镜联合胆道镜胆总管探查术治疗胆管结石

胆石症在我国是常见病和多发病,收治率约占普外科住院患者的11.5%,且发病率呈上升趋势[1]。对于肝外胆管的结石,传统方法是行开腹胆总管切开取石、T管引流治疗为主。目前,随着微创设备的高速发展,腹腔镜、胆道镜的普及,腹腔镜联合胆道镜治疗模式因其创伤小、康复快、住院时间短、切口感染率低、并发症少等诸多优点已逐渐取代传统开腹手术,必将成为今后治疗胆管系统结石的主流模式。现就腹腔镜联合胆道镜胆总管探查术在治疗胆管结石中的应用情况做简要叙述。     

腹腔镜胆总管探查并发症分析

目的探讨腹腔镜胆总管探查并发症的处理和预防。方法回顾性分析我科2003年6月~2007年6月124例腹腔镜胆总管探查出现的13例并发症资料。结果术中发现胆总管穿孔性损伤3例(其中胆道合并十二指肠穿孔1例),术中出血2例;术后发现十二指肠穿孔1例,胆漏2例(一期缝合),术后腹腔出血1例,胆道残石4例。全部治愈。胆道穿孔3例开腹修补后随访6个月无胆管狭窄,4例胆道残石取石后随访1~4年,未见结石复发。结论必须严格腹腔镜胆总管探查指征和强化术者的操作技巧和方式。实行适时中转开腹,对并发症进行即时有效的处理,其预后是良好的。     

Cystic Dilatations of the Common Bile Duct in Adults

Cystic dilatations of the common bile duct are believed to be of congenital etiology with most cases presenting in childhood. During the last 20 years, 10 patients with cystic dilatations of the bile duct were treated in our Department. There were 5 men and 5 women with an age range of 35–81 years. Clinical presentation consisted of right hypohondrial pain, nausea, vomiting and a history of obstructive jaundice. Diagnosis was established by ultrasound, cholangiography and ERCP in most cases. According to the Todani classification system, 5 patients had type I cysts, 4 had type II and one had type III. At the time of surgery, main associated diseases were choledocholithiasis in 3 cases and cholangitis in 2 cases. One patient (type III) underwent endoscopic sphincterotomy; 4 patients underwent internal drainage and 2 of them developed mild cholangitis postoperatively; 5 patients underwent excision of the cyst and a biliary-enteric bypass and developed no main complications. Patients remained in good health during long-term follow-up. We conclude that cyst excision is the treatment ofchoice for adults in order to reduce postoperative morbidity and the potential risk of malignancy.     

经胆囊管纤维胆道镜胆总管探查的临床应用

目的 探讨经胆囊管纤维胆道镜胆总管探查的临床应用效果.方法 我院2004年1月至2008年6月期间用该方法治疗胆囊结石合并胆总管结石患者28例(研究组); 另选择同期行胆总管切开取石T管引流术患者30例(对照组),比较观察2组患者的手术和住院时间、输液量、住院费用、术后恢复情况、手术并发症等.结果 研究组较对照组术后住院时间更短[(6.0±1.1) d比(9.6±1.8) d,P＜0.05],肛门排气时间[(28.2±3.8) h比(46.3±5.9) h,P＜0.05]和恢复正常生活时间[(10.3±2.1) d比(35.7±5.8) d,P＜0.01]更快,输液量[(5 515±368) ml比(9 542±834) ml,P＜0.01]和住院费用[(8 100±425)元比(12 100±756)元,P＜0.05]更少.研究组发生手术并发症2例(2/28); 对照组发生手术并发症6例(6/30),其中需再次外科手术治疗的严重并发症2例(2/30),严重并发症均由放置T管引起.结论 对于合适的胆囊结石合并胆总管结石的患者,可首选经胆囊管纤维胆道镜胆总管探查,避免了放置T管引起的一系列弊端,是安全、可行的.