腹腔镜辅助阴式子宫切除术与腹腔镜筋膜内子宫切除术比较的研究

目的: 探讨腹腔镜子宫切除术(laparoscopichysterectomy, LH) 适应症、手术要点及临床应用价值。方法: 自2003年4月~2004年10月对77例因各种妇科良性疾病而需行子宫切除者, 根据子宫大小、术中评分及是否保留宫颈分别采用腹腔镜筋膜内子宫切除术(classicintrafacialSEMMhysterectomy, CISH) 和腹腔镜辅助阴式子宫切除术(laparoscopicassistedvagi nalhysterectomy, LAVH), 观察其手术时间、平均出血量及术后恢复情况。结果: 39例行CISH的患者中, 38例顺利完成, 成功率38 /39 ( 97. 44% ) ; 1例中转开腹手术, 中转率1 /39 (2 .56% ); 平均手术时间134±26. 28min; 平均出血量118. 5±21 .23ml;平均住院时间为6. 5±0 .61d。38例行LAVH的患者中, 37例顺利完成, 成功率37 /38 ( 97 .36% ); 1例中转开腹手术, 中转率1 /38 (2 .64 % )。平均手术时间120 .2±26. 61min; 平均出血量122 .7±31 .25ml; 平均住院为6. 3±0 .73d。结论: CISH具有手术时间短、出血少、恢复快的优点, 保持了盆底、阴道和宫颈外鞘的完整性, 是目前较理想的治疗良性子宫疾病的方法之一。而LAVH则拓宽了阴式子宫切除的适应症, 提高手术效果, 可避免开腹, 减少手术创伤。     

3种不同术式子宫切除的比较

目的 :比较 3种不同术式的子宫切除对患者的影响。方法 :选取 2 0 0 1年 1～ 2月子宫切除的患者 13 2例 ,分为子宫全切术 (全切 )组 45例 ,子宫次全切除术 (次全 )组 45例 ,旋切宫颈管内膜的子宫次全切除术 (旋切 )组 42例 ,比较 3组患者的手术一般情况、术后恢复及手术对性生活的影响。结果 :1、次全组和旋切组手术时间分别为 (97.11± 18.14 ) min和 (10 1.83± 2 3 .52 ) min,与全切组 (114 .89± 19.73 ) min比较 ,有显著性差异 (P<0 .0 0 1,P<0 .0 1) ;次全组和旋切组术中出血量分别为(157.78± 52 .56) ml和 (165.0 0± 52 .51) ml,与全切组 (2 56.0 0± 65.73 ) ml比较 ,有显著性差异 (P<0 .0 0 1)。 2、次全组和旋切组术后排气时间分别为 (3 5.0 0± 8.52 ) h、 (3 5.69± 11.0 9) h,与全切组 (42 .62± 12 .11) h比较有显著性差异 (P<0 .0 1,P<0 .0 5) ,次全组术后病率为 (2 .2 % ) ,与全切组 (13 .3 % )比较有显著性差异 (P<0 .0 5)。 3、次全组和旋切组术后恢复正常工作的时间分别为 (2 8.2 5± 7.83 ) d、 (2 8.90± 5.42 ) d,与全切组 (3 3 .0 0± 6.19) d比较有显著性差异 (P<0 .0 5)。 4、手术前后性生活无改变者次全组为 63 .3 % ,旋切组为 50 .5% ,与全切组 (2 6.2 % )比较 ,有显著性?     

急性胆囊炎行腹腔镜胆囊切除术的时机选择

目的探讨急性胆囊炎行腹腔镜胆囊切除术(LC)的手术时机。方法回顾性分析2001年7月~2005年10月施行LC的96例急性胆囊炎患者的临床资料,发病48h以内手术者(早期组)69例,发病大于48h手术者(晚期组)27例。结果急性胆囊炎早期组的手术时间[(33.4±6.8)min]、中转开腹率(7.2%)和术后住院时间[(3.5±2.1)d]显著低于晚期组[分别为(67.6±16.7)min,29.6%和(4.7±2.0)d],P<0.05。结论除少数复杂病例外,急性胆囊炎早期行LC是安全可行的,其效果优于晚期行LC。     

妊娠合并卵巢良性肿瘤的腹腔镜治疗预后分析

目的 :探讨妊娠合并卵巢良性肿瘤患者腹腔镜下卵巢肿瘤剔除手术的临床价值。方法 :腹腔镜下对妊娠合并卵巢良性肿瘤患者行卵巢瘤剔出术 14例与开腹对妊娠合并卵巢瘤患者行卵巢瘤剔出术 2 4例进行对比分析。结果 :手术时间腹腔镜组5 1.79± 8.4 9min,开腹组 5 8.2 1± 6 .96 min,两组比较有显著差异 ,P<0 .0 5 ;出血量比较两组无显著差异 ;硫酸镁用量腹腔镜组2 1.4 3± 3.6 3g,明显低于开腹组 (37.14± 7.2 6 g) ,P<0 .0 1;术后排气时间腹腔镜组 2 4 .6 4± 4 .74 h,较开腹组 (4 3.14± 4 .87h)明显缩短 ,P<0 .0 1;术后住院天数腹腔镜组 4 .2 3± 0 .6 5 d,较开腹组 (7.4 3± 0 .5 1d)明显缩短。两组病例均无发生流产、早产、胎儿宫内窘迫等情况。结论 :妊娠合并卵巢良性肿瘤行腹腔镜手术是安全的 ,它可缩短手术时间、术后胃肠功能恢复快、住院时间缩短。提高手术操作技巧可减少和防止手术并发症的发生。手术时机适宜选择在妊娠 13～ 16周。     

经阴道子宫肌瘤剔除术(附51例报告)

目的　探讨经阴道子宫肌瘤剔除术的临床应用价值。方法回顾性分析 2 0 0 2 -0 5～ 2 0 0 3 -115 1例子宫肌瘤剔除 2 3例行经阴子宫肌瘤剔除术 (阴式组 ) ,与 2 8例行传统腹式子宫肌瘤剔除术作比较 (开腹组 )。结果　阴式组手术时间 ( 5 5± 19)min ,开腹组手术时间 ( 5 9± 2 1)min ,两组手术时间差异无显著性 (P >0 0 5 ) ;阴式组出血量 ( 160± 40 )ml,开腹组出血量 ( 190± 60 )ml,两组出血量对比差异有显著性 (P <0 0 5 ) ;术后肛门排气时间 ,阴式组 ( 2 5 43± 2 46)h ,开腹组 ( 3 7 86± 6 65 )h ;阴式组的术后排气时间明显短于开腹组 (P <0 0 1) ;术后 3d平均体温阴式组 ( 3 7 5 0± 0 2 2 )℃ ,开腹组 ( 3 8 2 0± 0 3 6)℃ ,两组差异有极显著性 (P <0 0 1) ;术后住院天数 ,阴式组 ( 4 5 3± 0 5 1)d ,开腹组 ( 6 3 8± 0 62 )d ,两组差异有极显著性 ( P <0 0 1)。结论　经阴道子宫肌瘤剔除术创伤小 ,术中出血少。腹部无疤痕 ,术后恢复快 ,不需要昂贵复杂设备等优点 ,适合各级医院推广运用     

急诊腹腔镜手术治疗急性坏疽性胆囊炎58例临床分析

目的 探讨急诊腹腔镜手术治疗急性坏疽性胆囊炎的可行性并总结手术处理技巧.方法 回顾性分析58例急性坏疽性胆囊炎患者急诊行腹腔镜胆囊切除术(LC)的临床资料.结果 58例患者中,53例成功行LC,手术时间45～ 130 (56±10) min,术中出血量5～130 (80±25) ml,所有患者均术中放置腹腔引流管;术后随访6～ 12个月,未发现与手术相关并发症.3例中转开腹,其中2例因术中胆囊暴露不佳、胆囊三角粘连严重、术中出血原因中转开腹,1例Mirizzi综合征,术中胆道损伤中转开腹行胆肠吻合术.2例患者死亡.结论 选择合适的手术时机,熟练地掌握LC的操作技巧,急性坏疽性胆囊炎时实施LC是安全、有效、可行的.     

不同子宫肌瘤剔除术后复发及受孕率初步分析

目的:探讨单发子宫肌瘤患者实施子宫肌瘤剔除术的最佳术式。方法:单发子宫肌瘤病例58例随机分为开腹子宫肌瘤剔除术组和腹腔镜子宫肌瘤剔除术组,出院后随访3年,分析两组间手术时间、术中出血量、住院时间、出院后是否受孕、是否复发以及复发时间等指标。结果:所有病例均成功手术,腹腔镜组与开腹组手术时间分别为(105.0±12.7)min和(44.7±10.9)min,术中出血量分别为(108.0±18.0)ml和(46.3±6.3)ml,术后住院时间分别为(4.3±0.59)天和(6.5±0.89)天。两组病例住院期间均无明显手术并发症,出院后3年内有11例患者复发,其中腹腔镜组6例,开腹组5例,复发率分别为20.7%和17.2%,无1例在随访期间实施再次手术,两组中有妊娠意愿的患者分别有10例和12例,术后3年内分别有7例和3例成功受孕,受孕率分别为70.0%和25.0%。结论:对于单发子宫肌瘤患者,两种术式均能得以成功实施,术后复发率无明显差异,对于有妊娠意愿的患者腹腔镜子宫肌瘤剔除术是较好的选择。     

嵌顿性胆囊结石行腹腔镜胆囊切除术治疗体会

目的 探讨嵌顿性胆囊结石采用腹腔胆囊切除术的治疗效果和体会.方法 选择我院收治的42例嵌顿性胆囊结石作为研究对象,根据其治疗方式不同分为LC组(腹腔镜胆囊切除组)和OC组(开腹胆囊切除组),比较两组治疗效果.结果 LC组21例患者20例成功顺利完成腹腔镜胆囊切除术,仅1例因炎症较重,胆囊三角解剖不清而中转开腹治疗,手术成功率为95.2％,21例OC组患者手术成功率为100.0％,两组患者手术成功率无统计学差异(P＞0.05);LC组手术时间、术中出血量、抗生素使用时间、肛门排气时间以及住院时间均明显少于OC组(P＜0.05);LC组无并发症出现;OC组发生胆漏1例,1例出血、2例腹腔感染、2例切口感染,并发症的发生率为23.8％,LC组并发症发生率明显低于OC组(P＜0.05).结论 腹腔镜胆囊切除术治疗嵌顿性胆囊结石疗效确切,是一种安全可靠的治疗方法.     

腹腔镜与开腹手术治疗早期宫颈癌的临床疗效比较

目的 比较腹腔镜与开腹手术治疗早期宫颈癌的临床疗效,探讨腹腔镜治疗宫颈癌的手术技巧和并发症的防治.方法 选择70例早期宫颈癌患者行腹腔镜(腹腔镜组,40例)和开腹(开腹组,30例)广泛全子宫切除术及盆腔淋巴结清扫术.观察两组患者手术时间、术中出血量、切除盆腔淋巴结数量、术后肛门排气时间、术后住院时间和并发症等情况.结果 腹腔镜组术中出血量(315.7±57.9)ml少于开腹组的(387.6±80.5)ml,术中切除盆腔淋巴结(26.7±5.3)个多于开腹组的(20.5±3.8)个,术后肛门排气时间(58.2±9.8)h早于开腹组的(70.5±10.4)h,术后住院时间(10.5±2.6)d短于开腹组的(13.6±3.4)d,并发症发生率17.5%(7/40)低于开腹组的40.0%(12/30),差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05);但腹腔镜组手术时间(284.5±80.5)min长于开腹组的(158.5±75.9)min(P<0.01).术后病理学检查均未发现切缘有残余病灶.所有患者均随访1～41个月,无肿瘤复发和穿刺点转移.结论 腹腔镜下广泛全子宫切除术及盆腔淋巴结清扫术,能完全达到开腹手术的要求,手术创伤小、恢复快,临床疗效明显优于开腹手术,是一种治疗早期宫颈癌的理想方法.     

腹腔镜诊治异位妊娠1082例

目的:探讨腹腔镜手术在异位妊娠诊治中的价值。方法:对2002年4月～2007年4月在我院行腹腔镜诊治的异位妊娠1082例进行回顾性分析。结果:1078例在腹腔镜下明确诊断并完成手术,行输卵管保守性手术694例,输卵管切除374例,卵巢妊娠物清除术11例,宫角切除术11例。诊断不明确4例,术后病理证实宫内早孕2例。发生持续性异位妊娠4例,其中1例追踪病理证实为癌变。无1例中转开腹。手术时间保守性手术组(86.8±11.2)min,术中出血量(90.5±18.4)ml;输卵管切除术组(30.5±8.8)min,术中出血量(15.9±5.6)ml。两组术后住院时间4～6天出院。术后监测血β-HCG,输卵管保守性手术血β-HCG转为正常时间为(14±3)天,患侧输卵管切除术(9±2)天,卵巢妊娠物清除术为(8±1)天,宫角切除术为(14±5)天。术后随访493例,随访时间6～18个月,经子宫输卵管碘油造影或通液术示输卵管通畅411例,随访期间自然宫内妊娠233例,妊娠率47.3%(233/493)。结论:腹腔镜有利于诊断早期异位妊娠,同时手术治疗异位妊娠疗效确切、安全、恢复快,属微创手术,应普及推广。     

Calcium intake in the elderly: validation of a dietary questionnaire

Epidemiological studies of calcium and osteoporosis have been hampered by the lack of a suitable tool for assessing calcium intake. This report describes a new frequency and amount questionnaire for measuring present and past calcium intake in the elderly. The validity of the questionnaire was tested against two commonly used standards of dietary assessment, five-day duplicate diets and seven-day weighed dietary inventories. The resulting correlation coefficients were, respectively, r = 0.76 and r = 0.69, while that for repeatability was r = 0.84. Furthermore, the questionnaire categorized subjects into thirds of the distribution of intake with almost no gross misclassification. It is suggested that the present findings may be extended to the majority of normal, healthy elderly subjects, implying wide application for the questionnaire in the assessment of calcium intake in the elderly.     

The occurrence of antimicrobial substances in toilet,sink and shower drainpipes of clinical units: A neglected source of antibiotic residues

Antibiotics represent one of the most important drug groups used in the management of bacterial infections in humans and animals. Due to the increasing problem of antibiotic resistance, assurance of the antibacterial effectiveness of these substances has moved into the focus of public health. The reduction in antibiotic residues in wastewater and the environment may play a decisive role in the development of increasing rates of antibiotic resistance. The present study examines the wastewater of 31 patient rooms of various German clinics for possible residues of antibiotics, as well as the wastewater of five private households as a reference.To the best of our knowledge, this study shows for the first time that in hospitals with high antibiotic consumption rates, residues of these drugs can be regularly detected in toilets, sink siphons and shower drains at concentrations ranging from 0.02?μg·L^?1 to a maximum of 79?mg·L^?1. After complete flushing of the wastewater siphons, antibiotics are no longer detectable, but after temporal stagnation, the concentration of the active substances in the water phases of respective siphons increases again, suggesting that antibiotics persist through the washing process in biofilms. This study demonstrates that clinical wastewater systems offer further possibilities for the optimization of antibiotic resistance surveillance.     

Self-reported health problems among Swedish miners one year after unemployment

Unemployment is considered to be a public health concern sincedeterioration in the health of the unemployed is often anticipated.However, for some groups, such as miners, unemployment mightimprove health due to a cessation of potentially harmful occupationalexposures. This study evaluates the health of 79 miners in oneSwedish iron-ore mine, and 226 age-matched controls from thegeneral population, during one year after the closure of themine. The participants received a questionnaire regarding medicalhistory and subjective symptoms at the beginning of the studyperiod, and after one year. Statistically significant negativeeffects on self-reported health attributable to unemploymentwere not found, although neuropsychiatric symptoms were morecommon among the unemployed miners. The miners reported a statisticallysignificant improvement in grip force (p=0.031). They had asignificantly higher prevalence of symptoms associated withmining related exposures when compared with the population controls;pain in the upper extremities [relative risk (RR)=2.27, 95%confidence interval (Cl)=1.44–3.59), back pain (RR=1.84;Cl=1.237–2.75), vasospastic disease of the fingers (RR=2.05;Cl=1.18–3.57) and obstructive respiratory symptoms (attacksof dyspnea and wheezing: RR=3.67; Cl=1.167–11.6).     

Excès de cas humains et animaux de tularémie en France au cours de l’hiver 2007–2008 : émergence ou phénomène isolé ?

Context

Tularemia is a zoonosis affecting humans and hares in France. We describe the results of surveillance in both species, in 2007 and 2008.

Methods

Human tularemia cases are mandatorily notifiable in France since 2003. In hares, surveillance relies on volunteer hunter associations in all districts of the country. Data from mandatory reports and volunteer surveillance in 2007/2008 were analyzed and compared with previous results.

Results

In 2007/2008, 144 cases were reported in humans and 117 cases in hares. This was a 100% increase compared to previous years. Human cases differed from those of previous years only by the frequency of contact with breeding animals. Human cases without any documented risk exposure were also more frequent.

Conclusion

An increase of tularemia cases occurred in 2007/2008 in both species. Complementary studies are needed to identify the species reservoir in France to understand the causes of this peak of cases.     

Occupational health hazards in mining: an overview

This review article outlines the physical, chemical, biological, ergonomic and psychosocial occupational health hazards of mining and associated metallurgical processes. Mining remains an important industrial sector in many parts of the world and although substantial progress has been made in the control of occupational health hazards, there remains room for further risk reduction. This applies particularly to traumatic injury hazards, ergonomic hazards and noise. Vigilance is also required to ensure exposures to coal dust and crystalline silica remain effectively controlled.     

Manufacture and use of nanomaterials: current status in the UK and global trends

This paper provides an overview of the production and use of nanomaterials (NMs), particularly in the UK. Currently, relatively few companies in the UK are identifiable as NM manufacturers, the main emphasis being the bulk markets in metals and metal oxides, and some niche markets such as carbon nanotubes and quantum dots. NM manufacturing in the UK does not reflect the global emphasis on fullerenes, nanotubes and fibres. Some assumptions have been made about the types of NM that are likely to be imported into the UK, which currently include fullerenes, modified fullerenes and other carbon-based NMs including nanotubes. Many university departments, spin-offs and private companies have developed processes for the manufacture of NMs but may only be producing small quantities for research and development (R&D) purposes. However, some have the potential to scale up to produce large quantities. The nanotechnology industry in the UK has strong R&D backup from universities and related institutions. This review has covered R&D trends at such institutions, and appropriate information has been added to a searchable database. While several companies are including NMs in their products, only a few (e.g. manufacturers of paints, coatings, cosmetics, catalysts, polymer composites) are using nanoparticles (NPs) in any significant quantities. However, this situation is likely to change rapidly. There is a need to collect more information about exposure to NPs in both manufacturing and user scenarios. As the market grows, and as manufacturers switch from the micro- to the nanoscale, the potential for exposure will increase. More research is required to quantify any risks to workers and consumers.     

深圳公立医院管理体制改革制度设计

深圳公立医院管理体制改革实行政事分开、管办分开,在理事会架构下按法定机构模式组建市医管中心,落实公立医院运营管理自主权.作者从当前公立医院管理体制的弊端入手,介绍了深圳市进行公立医院管理体制改革的基本思路及改革方案设计的主要举措,深入剖析了的改革方案的特点,并对改革效果进行了预测.     

Effects of nitrogen dioxide on red blood cells of rats: Changes in components of red cell membranes during in vivo exposure to NO2

Red cell membranes, prepared from red blood cells of rats exposed to 4, 10, or 20 ppm nitrogen dioxide (NO₂) for 1 to 10 days, were examined for evidence of changes in membrane components. Appreciable changes were not found in contents of phospholipid and cholesterol during exposure to 10 ppm NO₂. By contrast, protein content altered with the time of exposure. Moreover, changes in protein composition were observed by employing sodium dodecyl sulfate — polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Twenty-four-hour exposure to NO₂ at the concentration above 10 ppm resulted in a marked increase in the percentage of lysophosphatidylethanolamine (LysoPE) to the total phospholipids. The prolonged exposure to 10 ppm NO₂ gave rise to a further increase in LysoPE, whereas the percentage of phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) showed a gradual decrease. A 1-day exposure to 4.0 ppm NO₂ also caused an increase in sialic acid content and decreases in those of PE and hexose. In addition to contents of these components the percentage of LysoPE increased 5 days after exposure and the elevated values were maintained up to the end of exposure period. These results demonstrate that red blood cells in circulation exhibit different membrane properties in terms of lipid and carbohydrate composition during 10 days of exposure to 4.0 ppm NO₂.     

Investigating clusters in the workplace and beyond

Clusters of disease are common and occur in the workplace and in the general community. They often arouse considerable concern among the population. Investigations have sometimes lead to exciting new knowledge, but in general the investigation of clusters is difficult and often unrewarding, especially for community clusters. In the workplace, investigations are more likely to find associations and even new causes, but still many clusters remain enigmatic. Despite this, there are many reasons for investigating clusters, including allaying community concern and identifying uncontrolled exposures. A structure for investigating clusters in the workplace is suggested.