工作场所空气中异佛尔酮热解吸气相色谱测定法

目的 建立工作场所空气中异佛尔酮的热解吸气相色谱测定方法 .方法 活性炭吸附采样,选用FFAP毛细管色谱柱分离,热解吸气相色谱法测定.结果 该方法 在0～3.6μg/ml范围呈线性关系;样品在炭管中可保存10 d;方法 的重现性好,不同浓度的相对标准偏差为0.65%～3.16%;方法 的最低检出限为0.015μg/ml,解吸效率为89.66%～92.72%,采样效率为99.34%-100.00%,100 mg活性炭对异佛尔酮的穿透容量为13.6 mg.空气中可能与异佛尔酮共存的丙酮、二异丁基甲酮、环己酮等在该方法 条件下不干扰测定.结论 该方法 各项指标均达到<工作场所空气中有毒物质检测方法 研究规范>的要求,适用于工作场所空气中异佛尔酮的现场监测.     

工作场所空气中二异丁基甲酮热解吸气相色谱测定法

目的 建立工作场所空气中二异丁基甲酮的热解吸气相色谱测定方法.方法 按照《工作场所空气中有毒物质检测方法研究规范》的要求进行实验.结果 该方法在0～1600μg/ml范围内呈线性关系;样品在炭管中于4℃冰箱中可保存14 d;方法的重现性好,不同浓度的相对标准偏差为1.00%～1.33%;方法的最低检出限为0.18μg/ml;平均解吸效率为83.57%～86.70%;采样效率为98.93%～100.00%;100 mg活性炭对二异丁基甲酮的穿透容量为6.3 mg.空气中可能与二异丁基甲酮共存的环己烷、甲基环己烷、异佛尔酮等在该方法条件下不干扰测定.结论 该方法各项指标均达到《工作场所空气中有毒物质检测方法研究规范》的要求,适用于工作场所空气中二异丁基甲酮的测定.     

工作场所空气中异亚丙基丙酮气相色谱测定方法探讨

[目的]建立工作场所空气中异亚丙基丙酮的采样和测定方法。[方法]工作场所空气用活性炭管采集,经1%甲醇的二硫化碳溶液解吸,氢火焰离子化检测器(FID)检测,外标法定量。[结果]线性范围为10~1000μg/ml,最低检出浓度为0.2mg/m3,相对标准偏差﹤5%(n=6);气体采样效率≥96.6%,100mg活性炭对异亚丙基丙酮的穿透容量为4.7mg,平均解吸效率97.8%;活性炭样品室温下可保存7d;丙酮、丁酮、异佛尔酮、苯、甲苯、二甲苯等共存物不干扰测定。[结论]本法可用于工作场所空气中异亚丙基丙酮的测定。     

工作场所空气中氢化三联苯的采集及分析方法研究

目的建立工作场所空气中氢化三联苯的溶剂解吸气相色谱测定方法。方法按照工作场所空气中毒物检测方法的研制规范的要求进行实验,对空气中氢化三联苯通过活性炭管吸附,二硫化碳解吸,毛细管色谱柱分离,氢火焰离子化检测器(FID)检测,以保留时间定性,峰面积和定量。结果该方法在6～60μg/ml范围呈线性关系,最低检出限为1.2μg/ml,不同浓度的相对标准偏差为1.3%～2.0%,解吸效率为89.3%～95.4%,回收率96.5%～101.4%,采样效率为100%,100mg活性炭连同玻璃棉的穿透容量为6.7mg,样品在室温下可保存7天,空气中共存的联苯、邻、对、间三联苯不干扰测定。结论该方法各项指标均达到工作场所空气中毒物检测方法的研制规范要求,适用于工作场所空气中氢化三联苯的现场监测。     

气相色谱法测定工作场所空气中正丁基缩水甘油醚

目的建立用气相色谱测定作业场所空气中正丁基缩水甘油醚的溶剂解吸方法。方法按照《工作场所空气中有毒物质检测方法研究规范》的要求,对空气中正丁基甲苯用活性炭管采集,二硫化碳解吸,气相色谱法测定。结果本方法在0～500μg/ml范围呈线性关系;样品在4℃冰箱下于炭管中可保存10 d;不同浓度的RSD为0.86%～2.59%;方法的最低检出限为2.0μg/ml;平均解吸效率为95.55%～99.29%;采样效率为99.03%～100.00%;100 mg活性炭对正丁基缩水甘油醚的穿透容量是5.4 mg;空气中与正丁基缩水甘油醚共存二甲醚等在本方法条件下不干扰测定。结论该方法的重现性好,适用于工作场所空气中的正丁基缩水甘油醚的现场测定和监督。     

工作场所空气中恩氟烷的气相色谱测定法

目的建立工作场所空气中恩氟烷的溶剂解吸气相色谱测定方法。方法按照《工作场所空气中有毒物质检测方法研究规范》的要求进行实验。结果该方法在l～7 480μg/ml范围呈线性关系;样品在炭管中于常温下至少可保存7 d;方法的重现性好,不同浓度的相对标准偏差为0.5%～1.3%;方法的最低检出限为1.0μg/ml;平均解吸效率为97.0%～103.8%;采样效率为94.9%～100.0%;100 mg活性炭对恩氟烷的穿透容量是3.7 mg;空气中与恩氟烷共存七氟烷、异氟烷、乙醇等在该方法条件下不干扰测定。结论该方法各项指标均达到《工作场所空气中有毒物质检测方法研究规范》的要求,适用于工作场所空气中恩氟烷的现场监测。     

工作场所空气中对-特丁基甲苯的气相色谱测定法

目的建立工作场所空气中对-特丁基甲苯的溶剂解吸气相色谱测定方法。方法按照《工作场所空气中毒物检测方法的研制规范》的要求进行实验。结果在0～200μg/ml范围呈线性关系,样品在炭管中可保存10 d,不同浓度的相对标准偏差为0.68%～1.44%,最低检出限为0.20μg/ml,平均解吸效率为92.54%～95.66%,采样效率为100%,100 mg活性炭的穿透容量大于2.9 mg,空气中与对-特丁基甲苯共存的间-特丁基甲苯、邻-特丁基甲苯、甲苯、邻二甲苯等不干扰测定。结论该方法各项指标均达到《工作场所空气中毒物检测方法的研制规范》的要求,适用于工作场所空气中对-特丁基甲苯的现场监测。     

工作场所空气中N-乙基吗啉的气相色谱测定法

目的 建立工作场所空气中N-乙基吗啉的气相色谱测定法.方法 硅胶吸收管采集空气中N-乙基吗啉,乙醇洗脱解析,在实验室条件下,按照<车间空气监测检验方法研究规范>的要求,研究该方法的线性范围、精密度、准确度、检出限;并模拟现场进行样品采样效率、解吸效率、穿透容量、样品稳定性实验.结果 N-乙基吗啉线性范围为0.025～20mg/ml,相关系数为0.999 8;相对标准偏差为3.2%～3.9%;加标回收率为101.00%～102.43%,检出限为0.294μg/ml,定量下限为0.49μg/ml,最低检出浓度0.327μg/m3,解吸效率为96.08%～-98.73%;穿透容量为14.37 mg(100mg硅胶),样品稳定性为7 d.结论 利用气相色谱法监测工作场所空气中N-乙基吗啉的浓度具有较高的灵敏度和较好的精密度、准确度,样品采集方法简便,适用于工作场所空气中N-乙基吗啉浓度测定.     

作业场所空气中乙醚的溶剂解吸气相色谱法研究

目的:建立作业场所空气中乙醚的溶剂解吸气相色谱测定方法。方法:用溶剂解吸型活性炭管采样空气中的乙醚,二硫化碳解吸,经DB-FFAP毛细管色谱柱分离,FID检测器测定。结果:乙醚在0μg/ml～3408μg/ml呈良好的线性关系,线性相关系数为0.99998,方法检出限为1.36μg/ml,相对标准偏差0.24%～4.9%,解吸效率为84%～92%,采样效率为100%,加标回收率在97%～99%,穿透容量为2.9 mg,在4℃冰箱中样品至少可稳定10 d。结论:该方法各项指标均能达到《工作场所空气中毒物检测方法研究规范》的要求,现场应用试验也得到了相符性结论。该方法适用于工作场所空气中乙醚的检测。     

空气中丁二烯的毛细管气相色谱测定法

目的 建立工作场所空气中丁二烯的溶剂解吸、毛细管气相色谱测定方法.方法 以活性炭管吸附空气中丁二烯,用二氯甲烷解吸,毛细管色谱柱分析,FID检测器检测.结果 空气中丁二烯的浓度在0.1～4.0 mg/m3(以采集100 L空气样品计,相当于丁二烯标准溶液浓度10～400μg/ml)时,回归方程y=0.898x-2.06,相关系数为0.999 7,最低检出限为0.6μg/ml,最低检测质量浓度为6μg/m3(以采集100 L空气样品计).平均解吸效率为93.2％,样品在4℃下可保存3d.结论 该方法采样方便,测定灵敏、准确,适用于工作场所空气中丁二烯的浓度测定.     

Trends in meningococcal disease in Italy in 1988

Meningococcal disease in Italy decreased 15% in 1988 from the previous year (290 vs. 342 cases). The decline was particularly evident in military cases (1.7/100,000 in 1988 vs. 5/100,000 in 1987) reflecting the full coverage of bivalent serogroup (A + C) meningococcal polysaccaride vaccine in army recruits, achieved since January 1988. The highest proportion of cases was seen in people older than 25 years of age (25%). Serogroup C constituted 60% of the isolates, while 19% belonged to serogroup B. The proportion of strains resistant to sulphonamides was 45%, while 15% were resistant to Minocycline and none to Rifampin. Out of the five military cases, only one (due to serogroup C) was attributable to the vaccine failure. A single coprimary case, but no secondary cases occurred among civilians. These findings are consistent with the trends reported in Italy in the previous years.     

Benzene in blood and phenol in urine in monitoring benzene exposure in industry

Determinations of benzene concentration in blood and of phenol in urine were made by head-space gas chromatography techniques on samples taken near the end of the work day from two groups of workers potentially exposed to low levels of benzene in the work-place atmosphere. Preliminary results suggest that benzene in blood is more reliable than phenol tests for assessing both exposure and uptake of benzene. Normal values of phenol in urine (10 mg/liter or less) were found in nearly all those cases in which benzene was detected in the blood.     

2015年郑州市饮用水放射性水平状况调查

目的了解郑州市不同地区、不同季节、不同水源类型的放射性水平。方法分别于丰水期和枯水期采集郑州市区黄河水源水、井水源水、丹江口水源水、出厂水和末梢水各一份;以县为单位,每单位采集出厂水、末梢水、水库水、河水、井水各1份,按《生活饮用水生活标准检验方法》(GB/T 5750.13-2006)检测饮用水中总α和总β放射性水平,依据《生活饮用水卫生标准》(GB 5749-2006)进行判定。结果丰水期、枯水期水体总α、总β放射性水平均低于国家标准限值。结论郑州市不同水源类型均处于正常的天然放射性本底水平。     

Occupational stress in nurses in psychiatric institutions in Taiwan

Nurses are known to be exposed to occupational stress. However, occupational stress is not well documented for nurses in psychiatric institutions in Taiwan. A cross-sectional study was conducted to explore the work-related stress and risk factors of nurses in psychiatric institutions in Taiwan. A structured questionnaire was distributed to nurses at five state-owned psychiatric hospitals in Taiwan in 2001. Demographic information, working environment, and personal health status were inquired. Occupational stress was assessed based on the Chinese version of Job Content Questionnaire (JCQ). General health status and mental health were evaluated by the International Quality of Life Assessment Short Form-36 (IQOLA SF-36). A total of 573 questionnaires were disseminated to nurses and 518 (90.4%) were satisfactorily completed by nurses, including 408 female full-time nurses who had been in their current work for more than 6 months. In the past one month, 17.2% of nurses reported being under significant stress often or always. Assault episodes were reported by 45.1% of nurses in the past 6 months. Among the nurses, 16.9%, 25.2%, 50.0%, and 7.8% belong to the "High strain", "Low strain", "Active", and "Passive" groups, respectively. Perceived occupational stress was associated with young age, widowed/divorced/separated marital status, high psychological demand, low workplace support, and threat of assault at work. Lower general health score was associated with low job control, high psychological demand, and perceived occupational stress. A lower mental health score was associated with low job control, high psychological demand, low workplace support, and perceived occupational stress. We concluded that nurses in psychiatric institutions are under significant stress related to work factors.     

Changes in nursing administration in supporting transplantation in Brazil

This historical and bibliographic study aimed to understand how Nursing was organized to support care in transplantation. The HISA, LILACS, BDENF, PERIENF and DEDALUS databases were consulted, and thirteen references were found, ten of which were scientific articles, two were master's dissertations and one was a doctoral thesis. The span of time chosen for study ranges from the date of the first kidney transplant in Brazil (1965), to the date of publication of the last scientific article found in the databases mentioned above (2003). After reading these articles, the ones that were similar in topic were grouped together, thus creating the thematic axis for the presentation of the results. The results showed that the Nursing profession has played an important and active role in transplants ever since the first procedure in 1965.     

2019年中国肿瘤流行病学研究进展

恶性肿瘤已成为中国居民的主要死因之一。近些年来,中国政府积极推进肿瘤预防和控制领域的研究工作,取得了很大的进步。本文简要汇总中国在肿瘤流行病学领域的研究进展,具体包括2019年的肿瘤负担、癌症危险因素及其干预、筛查和早期发现、癌症防治专项行动(2019-2022年)方案等方面,以期为我国肿瘤防治工作的有效开展提供技术支撑和理论依据。     

2012年绵阳市蔬菜中农药残留状况

目的 了解绵阳市2012年市售蔬菜中农药残留情况,为食用蔬菜监管提供依据.方法 全部样品均按照GB/T 5009-2003的方法进行农药的残留检测.依据GB 2763-2005《食品中农药最大残留限量》进行判定.结果 2012年共检测蔬菜165份,农药检出率和超标率分别为72.12％和23.64％.豆类、根茎类、叶菜类、瓜果菜类和食用菌类蔬菜检测农药残留超标率分别为8.00％、23.53％、36.00％、5.26％和27.03％,差异有统计学意义(x2=11.41,P＜0.01).不同种类农药超标率差异有统计学意义(x2 =62.42,P＜0.01).夏季和冬季蔬菜农药超标率差异无统计学意义(x2=3.44,P＞0.05).结论 绵阳市叶菜类蔬菜中农药残留情况较为严重,应采取有效措施,加强蔬菜的监督管理,从源头禁止高毒农药的使用,加大蔬菜种植、销售环节的监测,确保市民食用蔬菜的安全.